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Loricaria birindellii, new species: (A) holotype, MZUSP 97210, 231.9 mm SL, dorsal, lateral, and ventral views; (B) paratype, ANSP 189318, 165.1 mm SL, dorsal view. Scale bars 5 1 cm.
Source publication
Loricaria birindellii, new species, is described based on two specimens from the Rio Curua, a tributary of the Rio Iriri in the lower Xingu basin of Brazil. In adults the new species is distinguished from all other congeners by having a combination of an elongate dorsal-fin spine (36.0% SL, based on the holotype vs. 16-29%, usually less than 26% SL...
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Context 1
... adults Loricaria birindellii is distinguished from all other nominal species of Loricaria by having a combination of an elongate dorsal-fin spine (36.0% SL based on the holotype vs. 16-29%, usually less than 26% SL) that is supported throughout most of its length by the first branched ray ( Fig. 2A) and an inconspicuous (vs. prominent) post- orbital notch ( Fig. 3 Description.-Standard length of specimens examined 231.9 mm (holotype) and 165.1 mm (paratype). Additional morphometric data presented in Table 1. Body elongate and slender, dorsoventrally depressed, widest at cleithrum. In dorsal view, head acutely triangular with ...
Context 2
... rays I,6, last ray split to base. Adpressed dorsal fin reaching thirteenth (holotype) and ninth (paratype) plate posterior to its origin; distal margin of fin shallowly concave when erected; dorsal-fin spine in holotype elongate (36% SL) and flexible distally, supported throughout most its length by first branched ray ( Fig. 2A). Pectoral-fin rays I,6. Adpressed pectoral fin reaching seventh lateral plate posterior to cleithrum; distal margin of fin shallowly concave when erected. Pelvic-fin rays I,5. Unbranched pelvic-fin ray (spine) longest, reaching to anterior third of anal-fin length. Anal-fin rays I,4, last ray split to base. Adpressed anal fin reaching ...
Context 3
... of anal-fin length. Anal-fin rays I,4, last ray split to base. Adpressed anal fin reaching seventh plate posterior to its origin; distal margin of fin straight to shallowly convex when erected. Principal caudal-fin rays i,10,i. Distal margin of caudal fin concave, dorsal principal unbranched ray produced into extremely long trailing filament (Fig. ...
Context 4
... with about six extremely faint brown saddles in holotype (Fig. 2A); saddles darker brown and better defined in paratype (Fig. 2B) as follows. First saddle approximately situated on two to three plates along bases of second to fifth dorsal-fin rays, and expanded ventrally. Second saddle poorly distinguished from first, on about four plates beginning at posterior insertion of dorsal fin. Third saddle ...
Context 5
... with about six extremely faint brown saddles in holotype (Fig. 2A); saddles darker brown and better defined in paratype (Fig. 2B) as follows. First saddle approximately situated on two to three plates along bases of second to fifth dorsal-fin rays, and expanded ventrally. Second saddle poorly distinguished from first, on about four plates beginning at posterior insertion of dorsal fin. Third saddle narrowest and diffuse, on seventh and small portion of eighth ...
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Citations
... Captured individuals were anaesthetized and sacrificed by immersion in eugenol, fixed in 10% formalin solution and later preserved in 70% ethanol. Measurements and counts followed Thomas and Sabaj Pérez (2010), and were included in tables as percentages of standard length (L S ) or head length (L H ). Counts and measurements were made on the left side of specimens when possible, using digital callipers to the nearest 0.1 mm. When a structure was found to be damaged on the left side, the right side of the structure was analysed. ...
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... Morphometric measurements were taken with digital calipers to 0.1 mm precision. Morphometric methods and terminology follow Thomas and Sabaj Pérez (2010), with the following exceptions. Four inter-landmark measurements were omitted from this analysis because of difficulties locating homologous positions on alcohol-preserved specimens (numbers refer to figure 1 in Thomas and Sabaj Pérez, 2010): body width at post-cleithral tip (17), nares to orbit at frontal-sphenotic juncture (19), interorbital width at frontal-sphenotic juncture (20), and orbit at frontal-sphenotic juncture to supraoccipital tip. ...
... Morphometric methods and terminology follow Thomas and Sabaj Pérez (2010), with the following exceptions. Four inter-landmark measurements were omitted from this analysis because of difficulties locating homologous positions on alcohol-preserved specimens (numbers refer to figure 1 in Thomas and Sabaj Pérez, 2010): body width at post-cleithral tip (17), nares to orbit at frontal-sphenotic juncture (19), interorbital width at frontal-sphenotic juncture (20), and orbit at frontal-sphenotic juncture to supraoccipital tip. Morphometric proportions were calculated for each species examined. ...
... Meristic methods and terminology follow Thomas and Sabaj Pérez (2010). Dermal plate terminology follows Schaefer (1997), and as described by Thomas and Sabaj Pérez (2010). ...
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... Within the Loricariidae, members of the subfamily Loricariinae are united by a long and depressed caudal peduncle and by the absence of an adipose fin, but they exhibit substantial variation in body shape, lip morphology and dentition. There are currently 220 valid species of Loricariinae, distributed in 30 genera ( Covain & Fisch-Muller, 2007;Fichberg & Chamon, 2008;Ghazzi, 2008;Ingenito et al., 2008;Rapp Py-Daniel & Fichberg, 2008;Rodriguez & Miquelarena, 2008;Thomas & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2008;de Carvalho Paixão & Toledo-Piza, 2009;Thomas & Sabaj Pérez, 2010). The evolutionary history of the Loricariinae has been only recently explored by Covain et al. (2008), who proposed the first molecular phylogeny of the subfamily and assessed the phylogenetic dependence of the morphological traits classically used as diagnostic features. ...
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Loricaria luciae, new species, is described from the the rio Paraguay basin of Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay, south to its confluence with the rio Paraná in Argentina. It is distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characteristics: pectoral girdle entirely naked or with small isolated plates near base of pectoral fin, post-ural plate at base of caudal fin large (plate length 17.0-20.3% HL), and total lateral plates 32-33 (modally 32). The new species occurs in a variety of habitats ranging from small, seasonally intermittent streams with clear water to large, turbid rivers over sand and mud substrates. It is sympatric with at least three other species of Loricaria in the Paraguay and lower Paraná drainages, including L. apeltogaster Boulenger 1895, L. coximensis Rodriguez et al. 2012, and L. simillima Regan 1904.
Abstract Rineloricaria is the most species-rich genus of the Loricariinae (armored catfish) with 65 valid species. However, the karyotype structure is known only for eight species in this group. This study provides cytogenetic data for Rineloricaria lanceolata collected from the upper Paraguay basin (Mato Grosso do Sul). The specimens revealed extensive chromosomal polymorphism constituting 10 karyotypes, which differed in the diploid number (48 to 45 chromosomes) and fundamental number (FN) between 52 and 55. Three types of chromosome variants were observed: a medium-sized submetacentric, a large submetacentric, and a small acrocentric form. Internal telomere sequences were demonstrated by a telomeric (TTAGGG)n probe in submetacentric chromosome variants, suggesting Robertsonian and tandem fusions. Considering the karyotype 2n=48 (4m+2st+42a, FN=54) as the starting point for this polymorphism, these rearrangements contributed to the reduction in diploid number (48-45). Furthermore, a remarkable polymorphism of 18S rDNA resulted in three nucleolus organizer region phenotypes (I, II, and III) with variable frequencies. Interestingly, this polymorphism has remained in the population through interbreeding between specimens, resulting in different viable combinations. The data obtained confirm that diversification/karyotype evolution in Rineloricaria was marked by numerous chromosomal rearrangements which appear to be well tolerated in the panmitic population.
A cytogenetic analysis of Loricaria cataphracta revealed a diploid number of 2n = 64 chromosomes, distributed as 12 metacentric + 8 submetacentric + 2 subtelocentric + 42 acrocentric, with a fundamental number of 86. Analysis of the nucleolus organizing region (NOR) using silver nitrate impregnation and fluorescence in situ hybridization (18S rDNA probe) techniques showed intra-population chromosomal polymorphism that could be classified into five different patterns (I to V), involving four pairs of chromosomes (8, 9, 12, and 13). In pattern I, the NOR was located in pair 12, whereas in pattern II, the NOR was detected in pair 8; these two patterns were characterized as a simple-NOR system. A multiple NOR system was evident in the other patterns (III, IV, and V). In pattern III, the NOR was located in only one of the homologs of pairs 12 and 8, and in patterns IV and V, the NOR was observed in pair 12 and in only one of the homologs of pairs 9 and 13, respectively. In addition, C-band analysis also showed this pattern of variation, and characterized a polymorphism in relation to the constitutive heterochromatin; the composition of this region was GC-rich (positive CMA3) and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole negative. Transposition of NOR sites for mobile elements is suggested to explain this polymorphism.
