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... In particular, a comparative study on other mistletoes would be interesting to check if common aspects may emerge. Of particular pharmacological interest might be the Loranthaceae family, which includes several species of mistletoe used in traditional medicine (Moghadamtousi et al., 2013;Omeje et al., 2014;Ameer et al., 2015;Sharquie et al., 2016;Ambrosio et al., 2020). ...
Introduction: European mistletoe (Viscum album L.) has been gaining increasing interest in the field of oncology as a clinically relevant adjunctive treatment in many forms of cancer. In the field of phytopharmacology, harvesting time is pivotal. In the last century, a form of metabolomic fingerprinting based on pattern formation was proposed as a way to determine optimal harvesting times to ensure high quality of mistletoe as raw material for pharmaceutical use. In order to further evaluate the information obtained with this metabolomic fingerprinting method, we analysed a large time series of previously undigitised daily mistletoe chromatograms dating back to the 1950s.
Methods: These chromatograms were scanned and evaluated using computerized image analysis, resulting in 12 descriptors for each individual chromatogram. We performed a statistical analysis of the data obtained, investigating statistical distributions, cross-correlations and time self-correlations.
Results: The analysed dataset spanning about 27 years, contains 19,037 evaluable chromatograms in daily resolution. Based on the distribution and cross-correlation analyses, the 12 descriptors could be clustered into six independent groups describing different aspects of the chromatograms. One descriptor was found to mirror the annual rhythm being well correlated with temperature and a phase shift of 10 days. The time self-correlation analysis showed that most other descriptors had a characteristic self-correlation of ∼50 days, which points to further infradian rhythms (i.e., more than 24 h).
Discussion: To our knowledge, this dataset is the largest of its type. The combination of this form of metabolomic fingerprinting with the proposed computer analysis seems to be a promising tool to characterise biological variations of mistletoe. Additional research is underway to further analyse the different rhythms present in this dataset.
... Several scientific studies have revealed that this plant contains bioactive constituents such as rutin, epicatechin, and quercetin (Aidy et al., 2022). Studies have reported that Loranthus europaeus contains many substances such as flavonoids, rutin, alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, aldehydes, ketones, protein, polysaccharides, terpenes, phenolic acid, palmitic acid, paraffin and sugar (Harvala et al., 1984;Al-Fartosy and Al-Rikaby, 2007;Sharquie et al., 2016). ...
In this study, the amounts of amino acids in Loranthus europaeus samples grown in different regions (Türkiye, Iran and Iraq) were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).The results indicate that, aspartic acid, serine, alanine, proline and tyrosine were found to be highest in samples grown in Iran, glutamic acid, asparagine, glycine, and glutamine were found in Loranthus europaeus samples grown in Iraq, and cysteine was found to be highest in samples grown in Türkiye. It can be said that Loranthus europaeus growing in Turkey is poor in terms of asparagine, serine, glycine, glutamine, alanine, proline and tyrosine, on the other hand aspartic acid found to be lowest in samples from Iraq and glutamic acid is the lowest samples from Iran. It was obtained that while Loranthus europaeus samples grown in Iran is the richest in terms of total essential amino acids, on the other hand samples grown in Türkiye is the poorest. Total amino acids content was highest in Iraqi samples and the lowest in Turkish samples. It can be said that the variation of essential and non-essential amino acids contents between regions could be due to geographical, and ecological differences.
... Khalifa E. Sharquie and his colleagues demonstrated that Loranthuseuropaeuscould be proposed as a therapeutic and anti-parasitic agent for the treatment of cutaneous Leishmaniasisis. They also found that the therapeutic effect of this plant could be related to the presence of several phytochemical compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenoides, and others (Sharquie et al., 2016). The results of another similar study conducted by Rosa Luisa Ambrosio and her colleagues in agreement with the results of our investigation revealed that the extract protein compounds from L.europaeus could exert anti-bacterial and antifungal properties against several types of pathogenic fungi such as Aspergillusniger, Alternaria spp., Penicillium spp., Botritiscinereus and pathogenic bacteria including Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus strains, Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli. ...
Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important factors that causes hospital infections. In recent years, the emergence of antibiotic resistance has become widespread. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a type of staphylococcus bacteria that is resistant to many antibiotics. The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of various diseases has increased recently. Hence, we decided to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Loranthus europaeus leaf hydroalcoholic extract against methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Methods: The leaves of L. europeaus were collected from Khorramabad in Lorestan province. After drying the leaves, a hydroalcoholic extract of this plant was prepared. Finally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of the hydroalcoholic extract of L. europeaus were measured by the CLSI microdilution method. Results: Based on the results, the MIC and MBC values for the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of L. europaeus were 6.13 μg/mL and 98 μg/mL for MRSA, respectively. Conclusion: Our results showed that MRSA clinical strain was sensitive to the hydroalcoholic extract of L. europaeus. Therefore, this extract can be proposed as a good solution for routine antibiotics.
... mg.mL -1 ) have been effective on S. aureus MRSA and Listeria monocytogenes species, respectively [21] . The antimicrobial effects of volatile oils and extracts of lorenthus fruit may act as immuomoduialtors during bacterial infection containing substances that act as chemotactic agents for neutrophils and promote macrophage activity [22] . ...
With the increase in the use of antibiotics and resistance against them, attention has been paid to natural remedies with the possibility of lower resistance and side effects. In this study, the essential oil of Loranthus europaeus Jacq. was identified chemically and the antimicrobial effects of the essential oil and extract on bacterial agents such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated. L. europaeus leaves were collected from the Ilam mountains and aft er drying, essential oil and hydroalcoholic extract were prepared. Th e chemical compositions of the essential oil and extract of L. europaeus plant were measured by Headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME), Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods. Th e results showed that the main component of L. europaeus extract was Rutin (223 μg/mL). The bacterial strains were isolated from clinical samples, and the microbroth dilution method by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) method were used to evaluate the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The MIC and MBC for the L. europaeus leaf extract were 6 μg/mL and 196 μg/mL on S. aureus, respectively. It had no significant effect on the strains of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa. L. europaeus leaf essential oil also had no antimicrobial effect on bacterial sauces. The results showed that the plant extract of L. europaeus might be used to treat infections due to its very low MIC against S. aureus.
... From the folk medicine we found that the fruit used as antiseptic for intestinal dysentery also used as a protective for the human being against diseases [6] in addition it is used as aphrodisiac and antihypertension agent also in treatment of cancer diseases [7,6] so according to our knowledge the natural product still a bank of new drugs resources, in fact they are target for production by nanotechnology & biotechnology. The drugs made from bioactive materials these bioactive materials are used as a tool for invention of new drugs using Nano biotechnology and molecular nanoscience in medicine. ...
From traditional and folk medicine, the fruit of Capparis used as antiseptic for intestinal dysentery and as protective for the liver from diseases in addition it is used as aphrodisiac and antihypertensive agent in addition as anticancer so as we know that natural product still a bank of new drug resources for the following reasons; these are a target for production by biotechnology. In addition, they are as a source of new lead compounds of novel chemical structure, which act as a tool for invention of new drug using nanoscince in medicine. There is a third reason as active ingredients of useful treatment divided from traditional medicine. As we know the drugs which manufacturing from bioactive, materials are cheap and available and not polluted as the chemical synthetic drugs and do not need-sophisticated technology. In this study we use fruits and leaves of Capparis dried and milled then extracted with alcohol 80% in addition deal with different organic solvent and get rid of chlorophyll and caryophilline and phytochemical studies by using liquid-liquid HPLC and we managed to extract quercitin and quercitrin in addition to proteins. The last product was anti-oxidant compared with racemic vitamin C using Noradrenaline as a test for the oxidation. Lastly, we see the activity of these materials as potent activator to the male compared with Sildenafil. The Capparis increase the activity twice the effect of sildenafil, And Tadalafil.
... In addition, they have a high activity to word the disease. Loranthus Europaeus medicinal plant traditionally applications include wound healing, gastrointestinal, antiviral, and anticancer therapy (5). In this research, we found a reasonable quantity of flavonoids (quercitin and quercitrin) active constituent after extraction, identification, and structural elucidation. ...
The natural product continues to be important as a source of novel drugs because these drugs do not need a sophisticated instrument, cheap resources, less toxic, no resistance to them by bacteria compared with the synthetic drugs. However, the natural product will continue to be important in addition in three areas of discovery, they are a target for production by biotechnology, as source of new lead compounds of a novel chemical structure and as the active ingredients of useful treatments divided from traditional systems of folkloric medicine. 1 The herb Loranthus Europaeus leaves, and fruits were used in Iraq traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation, tumor, and antimicrobial infection. 2 For these reasons, we tried to use the phytochemical and pharmacological studies to approach to their bioactive products as a new source for medicine. The extraction of an active constituent of Loranthus Europaeus (flavonoids terpenoids and alkaloids) by using chromatography method using a thimble of suxlet with different organic solvents. The ethyl acetate extract contain flavonoid, which contains quercitin and quercitrin. The active ingredient mixture of L.E. leaves extract have used as a mouth wash for female patient different age have breast cancer and under treatment with chemotherapy. We found that the bioactive martial extracted from L.E. used as mouth wash cause the cure of the inflammation of the mouth of those ladies. In addition that humans of different sexes complaining of cyst attached to one of their tooth treated with different types of antibiotic there was no response but when have given an antibiotic with bioactive agents of this L.E. there was complete cure of the cyst and there was no need for operation which give the possibility of presence of one or more of these (quercitin and quercitrin) active agents act as positive Nanocarrier of the antibiotic to the cyst directly and cure it.
... Research on the leaves of D. falcata shows the presence of phenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity 3 . Quercitrin is a flavonoid glycoside that is a major compound in several species of Loranthus plants 4 and also commonly found in plants, especially in the flowers of Zanthoxylum bungeanum 5 , and Anacardium occidentale L 6 . Quercetin shows high antioxidant activity 4 , antiviral against Murine coronavirus, dengue virus infection, and animal herpesvirus 7,8 , antiherpetic 9 , and anti-inflammatory 10 . ...
... Quercitrin is a flavonoid glycoside that is a major compound in several species of Loranthus plants 4 and also commonly found in plants, especially in the flowers of Zanthoxylum bungeanum 5 , and Anacardium occidentale L 6 . Quercetin shows high antioxidant activity 4 , antiviral against Murine coronavirus, dengue virus infection, and animal herpesvirus 7,8 , antiherpetic 9 , and anti-inflammatory 10 . Quercitrin is a phenolic compound that has four free phenol groups (Fig.-1), which plays an important role in the antioxidant activity. ...
... As with many mistletoe species, yellow mistletoe has been used intensively in folk medicine for various therapeutic purposes. It has been recommended for treatment of skin disease (Sharquie et al., 2016). The leaf extract from mistletoes is used in treatment of rheumatism, epilepsy (neurological disorder), diarrhea, and high blood pressure (Osadebe et al., 2012). ...
Yellow mistletoe (Loranthus europaeus Jacq.) is one of the Turkish hemi-parasitic plants that mostly grows on oak trees and produces its own carbohydrates. The goal of this study was to analyze the antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities, and the phenolic profiles of methanol extracts of three L. europaeus organs (fruits, stalks and leaves). Results showed that total polyphenols and flavonoids, and the individual phenolic compounds were significantly different among the three organs (p ≤ 0.05). The screening of individual phenolic compounds in the methanolic extract revealed 22 identified compounds. Five compounds (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, hyperoside and pinoresinol were predominant. Furthermore, important antioxidant activities in all organ extracts were assessed with five different methods. The highest antioxidant capacity was detected in stalks extracts using FRAP (0.30 ± 0.01 mg/mL), CUPRAC (0.08 ± 0.01 mg/mL), ABTS (0.51 ± 0.01 mg/ mL), DPPH (0.53 ± 0.01 mg/mL) and phosphomolybdenum (1.60 ± 0.13 mg/mL) assays. However, the me-thanolic extract from fruits showed the highest activity for ferrous ion chelating activity (6.77 ± 0.25 mg/mL). Besides, the all organs extracts were active against tyrosinase and α-amylase. However, the inhibition against both enzymes was higher in stalks extracts compared with fruits and leaf extracts. Pearson correlation confirmed that the strong biological activity of methanol extract from L. europaeus stalks was mainly due to its high content of (+)-catechin.
Ülkemizdeki ormancılık ve orman ürünleri sektörünün 180
yılı aşkın köklü yapısı ve engin tecrübesinin finansal kapasitelerle ve
yeni teknolojilerle desteklenerek özellikle Orta Asya, Afrika ve Avrupa
ölçeğinde ortak projelerle ve işbirlikleri ile paylaşılmasının önemi
büyüktür. Özellikle bu bölgelerde ormanlar ve ormancılıkla ilişkili
birçok dış kaynaklı projenin yürütülmüş ve yürütülmekte olduğu göz
önünde bulundurularak, bu projelerden elde edilen bilgi ve deneyimlerin
yeni uygulamalara dönüştürülmesi ülkemizin uluslararası proje
liderliği noktasındaki başarısını geliştirerek güçlendirecektir.
