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Locus coeruleus (LC) projections to lateral and basal nuclei of amygdala (LA/B) and infralimbic cortex (IL). a) RetroBead injections into LA/B and IL. b) Example image of male LC: LC-NA cells express tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, white). Inset: red RetroBead-expressing neurons projecting to LA/B and green expressing neurons project to IL. Scale: 50 µm. c) Percentage of total LC-NA cells projecting to LA/B, IL or both output regions (n= 4, mean, s.e.m.).
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The locus coeruleus (LC) is a small region in the pons and the main source of noradrenaline (NA) to the forebrain. While traditional models suggested that all LC-NA neurons project indiscriminately throughout the brain, accumulating evidence indicates that these cells can be heterogeneous based on their anatomical connectivity and behavioral functi...
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... subpopulations were conducted in rats, we first assessed the existence of these subpopulations in the mouse LC. To do this, two different colored retrograde tracers (RetroBeads) were injected into the lateral and basal amygdala (LA/B) and the infralimbic cortex (IL), a subregion of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), of wild-type mice (Fig. 1a-c). Similar to rat, LC-NA projections to IL-mPFC and LA/B were mostly specific as manifested in a small percentage of overlapping retrolabeled cells (from total projecting cells counted, 64% project preferentially to the mPFC, 28% to the amygdala and 7% to both, female and male combined, n= 4) (Fig. 1c). However, female mice showed a ...
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... prefrontal cortex (mPFC), of wild-type mice (Fig. 1a-c). Similar to rat, LC-NA projections to IL-mPFC and LA/B were mostly specific as manifested in a small percentage of overlapping retrolabeled cells (from total projecting cells counted, 64% project preferentially to the mPFC, 28% to the amygdala and 7% to both, female and male combined, n= 4) (Fig. 1c). However, female mice showed a higher overlap than male mice (12% in females versus 2% in males, n= 2 for females and males) ( Supplementary Fig. 1). As in the rat, these LC neuronal subpopulations were intermixed and not topographically organized (data not ...
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... to rat, LC-NA projections to IL-mPFC and LA/B were mostly specific as manifested in a small percentage of overlapping retrolabeled cells (from total projecting cells counted, 64% project preferentially to the mPFC, 28% to the amygdala and 7% to both, female and male combined, n= 4) (Fig. 1c). However, female mice showed a higher overlap than male mice (12% in females versus 2% in males, n= 2 for females and males) ( Supplementary Fig. 1). As in the rat, these LC neuronal subpopulations were intermixed and not topographically organized (data not shown). ...
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... received double the number of input cells (Fig. 2d, inputs to amygdala-projecting cells: 4485 ± 834 neurons versus inputs to mPFC-projecting cells: 2168 ± 402 neurons). The convergence index (the ratio of all inputs to all starter cells for each group) showed that both subpopulations received similar number of total inputs from the whole-brain (Fig. 2e, 407 ± 101 neurons for the amygdala-projecting group, 246 ± 56 neurons for the mPFC-projecting group. Mann-Whitney U= 17, no significant differences; medianLCamygdala= 211.8, n= 7; medianLC-mPFC= 273.4, n= 8). preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without ...
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... tissue collection, mice were overdosed with isoflurane and perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS. After post fixation, the brains were sliced using a cryostat. For subpopulation analysis in LC, 50 μm coronal sections containing LA/B, IL and LC were obtained. For retrograde tracing experiments (Fig. 1), LC-containing sections were washed in preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without ...
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... retrograde tracing experiments (Fig. 1), LC, LA/B and IL images were obtained using a confocal laser scanning microscope (FluoView FV-1000, Olympus) with a 20X (in LA/B and IL sections) or 40X (in LC sections) objective. For starter cell identification in rabies tracing experiments, LC images were obtained using a confocal laser scanning microscope (FluoView FV-1000, ...
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... subpopulations were conducted in rats, we first assessed the existence of these subpopulations in the mouse LC. To do this, two different colored retrograde tracers (RetroBeads) were injected into the lateral and basal amygdala (LA/B) and the infralimbic cortex (IL), a subregion of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), of wild-type mice (Fig. 1a-c). Similar to rat, LC-NA projections to IL-mPFC and LA/B were mostly specific as manifested in a small percentage of overlapping retrolabeled cells (from total projecting cells counted, 64% project preferentially to the mPFC, 28% to the amygdala and 7% to both, female and male combined, n= 4) (Fig. 1c). However, female mice showed a ...
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... prefrontal cortex (mPFC), of wild-type mice (Fig. 1a-c). Similar to rat, LC-NA projections to IL-mPFC and LA/B were mostly specific as manifested in a small percentage of overlapping retrolabeled cells (from total projecting cells counted, 64% project preferentially to the mPFC, 28% to the amygdala and 7% to both, female and male combined, n= 4) (Fig. 1c). However, female mice showed a higher overlap than male mice (12% in females versus 2% in males, n= 2 for females and males) ( Supplementary Fig. 1). As in the rat, these LC neuronal subpopulations were intermixed and not topographically organized (data not ...
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... to rat, LC-NA projections to IL-mPFC and LA/B were mostly specific as manifested in a small percentage of overlapping retrolabeled cells (from total projecting cells counted, 64% project preferentially to the mPFC, 28% to the amygdala and 7% to both, female and male combined, n= 4) (Fig. 1c). However, female mice showed a higher overlap than male mice (12% in females versus 2% in males, n= 2 for females and males) ( Supplementary Fig. 1). As in the rat, these LC neuronal subpopulations were intermixed and not topographically organized (data not shown). ...
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... received double the number of input cells (Fig. 2d, inputs to amygdala-projecting cells: 4485 ± 834 neurons versus inputs to mPFC-projecting cells: 2168 ± 402 neurons). The convergence index (the ratio of all inputs to all starter cells for each group) showed that both subpopulations received similar number of total inputs from the whole-brain (Fig. 2e, 407 ± 101 neurons for the amygdala-projecting group, 246 ± 56 neurons for the mPFC-projecting group. Mann-Whitney U= 17, no significant differences; medianLCamygdala= 211.8, n= 7; medianLC-mPFC= 273.4, n= 8). preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without ...
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... tissue collection, mice were overdosed with isoflurane and perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS. After post fixation, the brains were sliced using a cryostat. For subpopulation analysis in LC, 50 μm coronal sections containing LA/B, IL and LC were obtained. For retrograde tracing experiments (Fig. 1), LC-containing sections were washed in preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without ...
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... retrograde tracing experiments (Fig. 1), LC, LA/B and IL images were obtained using a confocal laser scanning microscope (FluoView FV-1000, Olympus) with a 20X (in LA/B and IL sections) or 40X (in LC sections) objective. For starter cell identification in rabies tracing experiments, LC images were obtained using a confocal laser scanning microscope (FluoView FV-1000, ...
