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![Comparisons of estimated HDDs for Kalamata with other source data [11, 21].](profile/Manolis-Souliotis/publication/356801288/figure/tbl2/AS:1098596611043338@1638937251708/Comparisons-of-estimated-HDDs-for-Kalamata-with-other-source-data-11-21_Q320.jpg)
The hourly ambient air temperature information was analyzed for two Greek coastal Mediterranean cities: Patras (for the entire 2018 year) with ten urban and one rural stations, and Kalamata (for the entire 2019 and 2020 years) with eight urban and two rural stations. The heating and cooling Degree Hours (DH) and Degree Days (DD) were calculated, fo...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... a population of about 70,000 people, Kalamata (37° 2′ N, 22° 7′ E) is the second populous city in the Peloponnese area. The relative locations of the two cities are shown in the following Figure 1. As part of the study, suitable sites were identified in both the cities to install twenty-one temperature monitoring and logging stations, among which ten were in the urban areas of Patras, one in the rural area of Patras (Agios Vasileios 10 km from the city center), eight in the urban area of Kalamata and the remaining two in the rural areas of Antikalamos (inland, 5 km from the city center) and Verga (near seashore, 5.5 km from the city center). ...
Context 2
... a population of about 70,000 people, Kalamata (37° 2′ N, 22° 7′ E) is the second populous city in the Peloponnese area. The relative locations of the two cities are shown in the following Figure 1. As part of the study, suitable sites were identified in both the cities to install twenty-one temperature monitoring and logging stations, among which ten were in the urban areas of Patras, one in the rural area of Patras (Agios Vasileios 10 km from the city center), eight in the urban area of Kalamata and the remaining two in the rural areas of Antikalamos (inland, 5 km from the city center) and Verga (near seashore, 5.5 km from the city center). ...
Citations
... For instance, Rahman et al. (2022) analyzed the impact of rapid urbanization on UHI intensity during winter in Bangladesh using remote sensing and geospatial tools, revealing a 3-8 • C increase in land surface temperatures (LST) between 2000 and 2019. Similarly, Kyriakopoulos et al. (2021) identified a distinct UHI in two coastal Mediterranean cities over a two-year period, highlighting the significance of urban extent, anthropogenic heat, topography, and local weather patterns in influencing UHI intensity across regions (Chen and Dudhia, 2001;Kim and Baik, 2005). ...
... The annual HDD values of the peripheral areas were almost three times higher than in the city center. According to Kyriakopoulos et al. [14], who analyzed data from urban and rural weather stations for the coastal cities of Patras and Kalamata, located in the west part of Greece, the urban heat island has a significant impact on the cities' heating and cooling energy needs. Finally, Karagiannidis et al. [15], analyzing the current and future heating and cooling degree days over Greece, concluded that the elevation, proximity to the sea and urban heat island effect play a significant role in the formulation of HDD/CDD average monthly values in the cities of Athens and Trikala. ...
The change in heating and cooling needs of Greece in the near future due to the climate change is assessed in the present study. Global and regional climate models and two different representative concentration pathways (RCPs) are used to simulate the expected change in temperature. A widely used methodology of computation of heating degree days (HDDs) and cooling degree days (CDDs) is employed with a base temperature of 18 o C. In agreement with the expected temperature rise in the near future, an HDD decrease and CDD increase under both RCPs is also expected. The changes under RCP8.5 are stronger compared to those under RCP4.5. Differences related to topography are noted. The HDD decrease is stronger than CDD increase but the relative increase in CDDs is higher than the relative increase in HDDs. The highest absolute decreases in HDDs are expected for February and March while the highest absolute increases in CDDs are expected during the three summer months.
... They concluded that the annual number of CDD is almost sevenfold higher in the city center compared peripheral areas and also that the annual number of HDDs at the peripheral areas is about threefold higher than the number of HDDs in the city center. Kyriakopoulos et al. [4], using temperature data from urban and rural weather stations in the Patras and Kalamata cities (both in Southwestern Greece), identified the influence of the urban heat island in the heating and cooling energy needs of these cities. ...
Heating and Cooling Degree Days (HDD, CDD) are indicative of the energy needs of buildings and also are associated with agriculturalism, tourism and other outdoor activities. Under the changing climate, future modifications of HDD and CDD are of primary importance. In the present work, monthly and annual HDD and CDD are computed and analyzed for the present and near future climate conditions. Elevation and sea proximity were found to be crucial in the formulation of energy requirements. Summer energy needs for cooling are expected to increase due to global warming while winter needs for heating are expected to decrease.
... On the other hand, UHI observations in the boundary layer are transacted by more complicated methods, by using complex sensors mounted on tall towers, tethered balloons, or aircrafts. UHI has a serious impact on the energy consumption of buildings, (Santamouris et al. 2001;Santamouris et al. 2018;Kyriakopoulos et al. 2021) on the concentration of pollutants like ozone and nitrogen oxides (NOx) (Sarrat et al. 2006), and on human comfort and health (Basu and Samet 2002;Baccini et al. 2008;Luber and McGeehin 2008). UHI is also associated with increased electricity energy consumption (Souza et al. 2009). ...
... Results are shown in Table 9. The existence of UHI comes in full agreement with the estimated Cooling Degree Days (CDDs) in the published work by Kyriakopoulos et al. (Kyriakopoulos et al. 2021) between urban and rural areas. In this work, the Heating Degree Days (HDDs) have also been estimated for each month separately, and the results indicate the appearance of UHI in all seasons, not only in summer. ...
The urban heat island effect for the coastal Mediterranean city of Kalamata is studied, for June to September during two consecutive years, 2019–2020. Temperature data were gathered by fixed temperature stations, placed in representative locations, covering all the major areas (urban, suburban, and rural). Results showed that the urban area is warmer than suburban and rural ones. The maximum heat island intensity was also estimated, usually achieved during nighttime and early in the morning. As there are no such data for Kalamata, this work helps to identify issues of energy consumption and human comfort. Especially for small Mediterranean cities, the work could be useful for a researcher to clarify the UHI Intensity. Detailed data are presented in the work, both for the clarification of UHI and its intensity and for the characteristics of each area, which could be useful for the development of UHI mitigation strategies, in small coastal cities.
