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Detailed information on bird populations and wetland habitats is highly important for future conservation and management activities. More than 50% of natural wetland habitats have been lost or degraded due to human intervention, which has negatively affected wetland-dependent bird populations. In this study, the density, diversity and feeding guild...
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... artificial wetland examined in this study is located at 2° 57' 43" N, 101° 41' 47" E in Putrajaya, Peninsular Malaysia (Fig. 1). This wetland occupies 200 ha (including 77.70 ha planted area, 76.80 ha open water, 9.60 ha islands, 23.70 ha inundated area and 9.40 ha walking trails). The overall artificial wet- land is divided into 24 cells to manage the level of water, which flows into the wetland from the catch- ment areas of the Chua and Bisa Rivers. This ...
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A comparative study of understorey birds inhabiting different habitats, that is, virgin jungle reserve (VJR) and regenerated forest (RF), was conducted in Ulu Gombak Forest Reserve and Selangor and Triang Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan, Peninsular Malaysia. The objective of this study was to assess the diversity of understorey birds in both habita...
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... The increasing rate of natural wetland failure has resulted in the construction of wetlands that are intended to mimic and replicate the functions and values of natural wetlands that have been degraded and destroyed (Metcalfe et al. 2018). Constructed wetlands are commonly used for local water reuse projects, such as pollutant removal in domestic settings, gardening or on a larger scale restoring natural wetlands and groundwater, irrigation of crops, public parks and golf courses (Kalubowila et al. 2014;Nan et al. 2020;Rajpar and Zakaria 2013;Rossa et al. 2019). ...
Ex-mining lake-converted constructed wetlands play a significant role in the carbon cycle, offering a great potential to sequester carbon and mitigate climate change and global warming. Investigating the quantity of carbon storage capacity of ex-mining lake-converted constructed wetlands provides information and justification for restoration and conservation efforts. The present study aims to quantify the carbon pool of the ex-mining lake-converted constructed wetlands and characterise the physicochemical properties of the soil and sediment. Pearson’s correlation and a one-way ANOVA were performed to compare the different sampling stations at Paya Indah Wetland, Selangor, Malaysia. An analysis of 23 years of ex-mining lake-converted constructed wetlands of Paya Indah Wetlands, Selangor, Malaysia, revealed that the estimated total carbon pool in soil and sediment accumulated to 1553.11 Mg C ha⁻¹ (equivalent to 5700 Mg CO2 ha⁻¹), which translates to an annual carbon sink capacity of around 67.5 Mg C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. The characterisation showed that the texture of all soil samples was dominated by silt, whereas sediments exhibited texture heterogeneity. Although the pH of the soil and sediment was both acidic, the bulk density was still optimal for plant growth and did not affect root growth. FT-IR and WDXRF results supported that besides the accumulation and degradation of organic substances, which increase the soil and sediment carbon content, mineral carbonation is a mechanism by which soil and sediment can store carbon. Therefore, this study indicates that the ex-mining lake-converted constructed wetlands of Paya Indah Wetlands, Selangor, Malaysia have a significant carbon storage potential.
... L'utilisation par les oiseaux d'eau des zones humides artificielles, dont la surface a récemment augmenté en Méditerranée (MWO, 2018), est avancée par certains comme pouvant compenser partiellement la perte de zones humides naturelles (Afdhal et al., 2013;Jackson et al., 2020;Rajpar, 2013). Si certaines études ont montré l'impact négatif de la construction de barrages sur les oiseaux d'eau à l'aval de l'ouvrage (e.g., Briggs et al., 1997;Kingsford & Johnson, 1998;Kingsford & Thomas, 2004;Leslie, 2001), l'utilisation de la retenue d'eau créée par la mise en place du barrage a été très peu documentée (voir toutefois Pandey, 1993). ...
Climate change and land-use changes are major direct drivers of biodiversity loss, whose future impact must be anticipated. Mediterranean wetlands, which host an outstanding biodiversity, are highly vulnerable to these drivers but are not sufficiently targeted by conservation measures. The designation of new protected areas in these habitats can locally reduce the impact of climate and land-use changes on biodiversity, and especially on waterbird communities. It is necessary to identify wetlands of importance for biodiversity conservation for which the future changes are expected to be most severe in order to make the most of the effectiveness of protected areas. Assessing the exposure of Mediterranean wetlands to these drivers can help anticipate future variations of intensity and distribution of climate and land-use changes under several pathways of our societies.
In this thesis, I aimed to assess whether existing protected areas cover the wetlands of importance for conservation most exposed to future climate and land-use changes in the Mediterranean region, and to identify where to designate new protected areas in order to lessen the future impact of these two drivers on waterbird communities. To this end, I computed various metrics of exposure to these drivers, derived from late 21st century projections under four future scenarios used by the IPCC. These metrics were intersected with winter abundance data of 151 waterbird species collected over 25 years at 5891 sites (25 countries) as part of the International Waterbird Census.
First, I highlighted the high exposure to climate and land-use changes of Key Biodiversity Areas - sites of importance for biodiversity conservation - in the Mediterranean region, especially in countries where the protection of this network is low. In order to complement our knowledge on sites of importance for waterbirds, I subsequently applied three criteria of identification of wetlands of international importance to winter count data. As a result, I identified 161 sites of international importance for waterbirds whose status is not officially acknowledged, of which 95 are not protected. Then, I assessed the potential thermal adjustment limitations of waterbird communities to future temperature changes by combining their thermal specialization with their exposure to climate warming and natural habitat conversion. I thereby demonstrated the relevance of the location of existing protected areas that should overall be able to facilitate the future thermal adjustment of waterbird communities. However, I also identified 490 non-protected wetlands at risk, including 32 of international importance for waterbirds. Finally, assessing the exposure of coastal wetlands to sea-level rise highlighted the high threats to these sites, especially those protected and of international importance for waterbirds.
Taken together, these exposure assessments to climate and land-use changes highlighted the overall relevance of the location of existing protected areas network in the Mediterranean region. However, these methods also identified important protection gaps of highly exposed wetlands of importance for waterbird conservation, especially in Maghreb countries. The results of this thesis could help guide the implementation of protection measures in Mediterranean wetlands and thereby improve the conservation of waterbird communities.
... Some studies have shown that well-protected natural wetlands provide more suitable habitats for waterbirds than artificial wetlands with more species and higher densities of waterbirds (Ma et al. 2004, Lou et al. 2019. Although other studies have shown that artificial wetlands can provide alternative habitats for the breeding, wintering, and migration of waterbirds (Masero 2003, Rajpar andZakaria 2013), newly built or poorly managed artificial wetlands cannot maintain stable biological communities because of a lack of stable food resources (Choi et al. 2014). The BFS makes use of artificial wetlands as resting grounds and opportunistically chooses natural and artificial wetlands for foraging (Swennen and Yu 2005), but their preference for using these two types of wetlands is not clear. ...
The Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor; BFS) is a globally endangered species that is distributed only in the coastal
zones of East Asia. Xinghua Bay is one of the main wintering sites and migration stopovers of BFS in mainland China. However, with
the reduction and degradation of natural wetlands, it is uncertain whether artificial wetlands can provide habitat for the endangered
BFS. Research on the diet of BFS will help to understand their preferences between natural and artificial wetlands and provide a
reference for their conservation and habitat restoration. From December 2017 to February 2020, 45 potential food samples and 199
fecal samples of BFS were collected during six sampling periods, of which Cyprinidae, Mugilidae, Portunidae, Gobiidae and
Palaemonidae were collected from natural wetlands and Crucian (Carassius auratus) and whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were
collected from fishponds. Their stable isotope values (e.g., δ
13C and δ
15N) were measured to obtain the food composition information
for BFS. In early winter, the proportion of Palaemonidae in BFS food was as high as 74.4%, while those of other foods were only 3.0%
to 6.0%. In late winter, the food contributions for BFS were as follows: Portunidae 39.3% > Palaemonidae 26.1% > Cyprinidae 8.8%
> Mugilidae 8.5% > Gobiidae 7.3% > Crucian 5.1% > whiteleg shrimp 4.8%. The proportion of Portunidae exceeded that of
Palaemonidae, and together with Palaemonidae, it became the main food of BFS in late winter. The diet compositions of BFS between
early and late winter were significantly different, which may be due to seasonal changes in food resources. Natural wetlands are the
main feeding grounds of BFS, but fishponds also provide them with supplementary feeding grounds and resting places. Fishponds
play an important ecological function in maintaining the overwintering population of BFS in Xinghua Bay.
... Natural wetlands are highly diverse ecosystems that greatly benefit both their wildlife and the environment, from promoting biodiversity and providing habitats to acting as a carbon sink and wind buffer [1,2]. Many studies have demonstrated that artificial-or Birds 2022, 3 321 constructed-wetlands also provide ecosystem services, as do wetlands restored after human perturbations [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Specifically, artificial and restored wetlands can host similar levels of vertebrate species diversity compared to wetlands that have not been substantially impacted by human activity [4,[7][8][9], although the abundance of individuals may be lower overall in artificial wetlands [8]. ...
... We further explore whether changes in individual abundance are related to the ecological niche and migratory status of the species [8,9]. Given the known use of nearby countries by migratory birds [19,20] and that artificial and restored wetlands are often used by migratory species [6,8], we further hypothesize that migratory species would utilize the area as a stopping-over site. Specifically, we predict that species diversity would increase in the spring and fall, relative to summer and winter, due to the presence of migratory species on the stopover. ...
Qatar, a peninsular country in the Persian Gulf, is significant to avian species due to its location along the African–Eurasian Flyway, a key migratory path. Receiving untreated domestic and industrial liquid waste from Qatar in the past, Al Karaana Lagoons have since been reconstructed as an artificial wetland to address the growing environmental concern posed by contamination build-up. This study documents the changes in biodiversity at Al Karaana Lagoons following their environmental remediation. Data collected (2015 and 2017) by Ashghal (Public Works Authority) prior to project implementation was analyzed alongside data collected independently following project completion (2019–2021). There was a marked increase in bird biodiversity following remediation, including substantial use by migratory species and resident breeders. Further analysis of water quality data of the TSE (treated sewage effluent) ponds shows that they are eutrophic but still support substantial bird life. The project’s success demonstrates how reclaimed lands can provide important habitats to local and migratory birds and encourages similar restoration efforts in the future in both Qatar and elsewhere. We call for the continued monitoring of the site and the implementation of guidelines for the use of the site that balance human activities and habitat quality.
... The richness and abundance of bird species are associated with the presence of dams in the study area. All through the research, a total of 97 species from various orders and families were discovered in all of the dams.This is consistent with the findings ofRajpar and Zakaria, (2013) andJannert, 2003, who found that wetlands provide food, nesting grounds, and resting grounds different birds species including migrating bird species.This is also in line with findings ofMiller et al., (2021), which claim that bird's species are found to live in a variety of habitats to meet their fundamental needs.The four dams are home to a variety of bird species. Ede-erinle dam had 64 species, Osinmo dam had 39, Ekonde dam had 36, and Owalla dam had 53 species. ...
Avitourism or bird watching based tours, is one of the possible attractions that allows visitors to observe a variety of birds with attractive colors and behaviours in their natural habitat. This study examined the abundance and diversity of bird species that can be found in four selected dams (Ede-erinle, Owalla, Osinmo, and Ekonde dams) in Osun State, Nigeria, between April and June 2021. Point transect method was used for data collection with four transects selected in each location totaling sixteen transects. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in analyzing the data. A total of four thousand six hundred and six (4616) individual birds which cut across thirteen (13) orders and thirty-eight (38) families were recorded at the four dams in the study area. Ede-erinle dam has the highest abundance (1474, 32%) while lowest abundance was recorded in Owalla dam (870, 18%). According to IUCN, majority (n= 94, 96.90%) of the bird species recorded during the survey is categorized as least concern while three species (3.09%), Malimbus ibadanensis, Eurillas virens and Gypohierax angolensis belongs to threatened category. Significant difference in the mean bird abundance within the four dams was analyzed using Analysis of Variance. Anova result (P=0.044) shows that there is a significant difference in birds species abundance between the four dams. Diversity indices across four dams were determined using PAST software version 4.03. Shannon-Weiner diversity was highest in Owalla dam (3.764) but lowest in Ekonde dam (1.338). The results of this study demonstrated that the four dams evaluated serves as habitat for a range of bird species, making it imperative that they must be maintained and conserved. Furthermore, facts gleaned from this survey can be used to promote ecotourism potential in Osun State and Nigeria at large.
... Putrajaya wetland within 101°41.90′E to 101°42.43′E longitude and 2°57.71′N and 2°57.81′N in Putrajaya of Peninsular Malaysia (Rajpar & Zakaria 2013). It covers a landmass of 200 ha with five LULC areas containing the planted area, open water, islands, inundated area, and walking trails. ...
... The wetland comprises twenty-four cells that primarily control the water level and trap pollutants derived from upstream sources from flowing into the catchment areas of the Chua and Bisa rivers. It comprises four vegetation classes of aquatic plants with emergent plants, fruiting trees, flowering trees and bushes, and shrubs (Rajpar & Zakaria 2013). ...
It becomes imperative to understand the eco-climatic predictors and know the suitable habitat for Porphyrio porphyrio indicus and Amaurornis Phoenicurus in the urban wetlands to prevent their local extinction. The study explored the habitat suitability for Porphyrio porphyrio indicus and Amaurornis phoenicurus in Paya Indah wetlands and Putrajaya wetlands of Peninsular Malaysia. Porphyrio porphyrio indicus and Amaurornis phoenicurus surveyed using the point count technique, and a stratified random design. The maximum entropy modelling (MEM) approach and geographic information systems employed to determine the influence of seventeen eco-climatic factors on the suitable habitats for the species. Water at a minimum depth (44.30%) and rainfall (74.20%) contributed to the availability of suitable habitats for Porphyrio porphyrio indicus in Paya Indah and Putrajaya wetlands. Also, dissolved oxygen (56.60%) and salinity (43.50%) contributed to habitat suitability for Amaurornis phoenicurus in Paya Indah and Putrajaya wetlands. Large portions of the two urban wetlands were unsuitable for the Porphyrio porphyrio indicus and Amaurornis phoenicurus populations because of several eco-climatic factors. Thus, the models as management tools with a robust population monitoring database and framework would enhance the management effectiveness of the two species and urban wetlands.
... Wetlands, the intermediate zones between terrestrial and aquatic habitats [1], perform diverse functions ranging from the ecological to the socio-economic, which are of relevance to a thriving global community [2][3][4]. In addition to water purification, climate regulation, food security, flood control, recreation, and nutrient cycling, among others [2,5,6], wetlands are renowned bird havens and migratory bird stopovers [7][8][9]. The provision of such diverse ecosystem services strategically anchors wetlands to contribute to the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs) [4,10,11]. ...
Sustainable wetland management is a focus of many countries worldwide. These mainly use protection as a key policy directive for conservation. However, avoidance directives tend to disenfranchise local populations. Thus, such management is often resisted and rarely effective. Tailoring management strategies to user preferences allows conservation to support community livelihoods for sustainable development. This study employed a discrete choice experiment to determine the wetland management attributes preferred by residents of Mpologoma catchment as a prelude to developing a co-management system. Listed in descending order, attribute preferences were paddy farmers’ schemes, fish farming, education and research, protected wetland area, and recreation and tourism. Respondents’ characteristics influenced their choices. Older adults were more likely to support fish farming. In contrast, existing paddy farmers tended to resist such focuses and an increase in protected wetland area. Additionally, respondents with higher education were opposed to paddy farmers’ schemes, and the preference for education and research was positively influenced by respondents’ income. Respondents were willing to pay between $0.64 and $1.76 per household for each unit improvement in the preferred attribute. Our results underscore the role of DCEs in unlocking individuals’ attribute preferences, whose integration into co-management systems can be important for sustainable wetland conservation.
... Wetlands are cradles of life for a wide array of bird species and are at the forefront of conservation efforts (Fraser & Keddy 2005;Mitch and Gosselink, 2007;Russi et al. 2013;Davidson 2014;Sievers et al. 2018). Rajpar & Zakaria (2013) reported that wetlands harbor an assortment of migrants as well as resident waterbird species that perform multiple activities due to the lavishness of vegetation and availability of immense food resources. The fragile ecosystem is at the cutting edge of protection concerns. ...
Natural wetlands are at the cutting edge of protection concerns, as they harbor a greater range of waterbird assemblages than artificial wetlands. However, more than 50.0% of natural wetland areas and more than 17.0% of waterbird species have become imperiled due to human activities over the last two decades. Thus, it is important to understand whether artificial wetlands play significant roles as alternative habitats for wetland birds. The distance sampling point count method was employed to ascertain the difference in waterbird assemblages inhabiting Lungh natural wetland and Raja artificial wetland in Sindh Province, Pakistan from September 2017 to February 2019. Natural wetlands harbored 39,282 individuals representing 40 waterbird species and 14 families, while artificial wetlands hosted 23,122 individuals representing 39 species and 13 families. In total, 37 species were identified as least concern, 3 were near threatened, and one species was endangered, one vulnerable, and one data deficient. Anas crecca (4.95%) and A. platyrhynchos (4.72%) were the foremost abundant species in natural wetlands. A. crecca (4.57%) and A. clypeata (3.95%) were the foremost prevailing species of artificial wetlands. Alcedo atthis, Charadrius leschenaultia, and Vanellus leucurus did not utilize natural wetlands, while Bubulcus ibis, Larus genei, Tringa brevipes, and Plegadis falcinellus avoided artificial wetlands. The relative abundance of waterbirds between natural and artificial wetlands varied considerably (F1, 85 = 6.26, p
... A total of 169 species of bird including 47 species of migratory birds, 1421 species of insects, and 17 species of mammals have been inventoried (Majizat et al., 2013). The artificial wetland of Putrajaya was acknowledged to have provided an alternative habitat for the foraging and breeding activities of different bird assemblages (Rajpar et al., 2013). The lake system was recognized as one of the operational sites for the UNESCO-IHP Ecohydrology Demonstration project since 2010 (Elfithri et al., 2014). ...
Climatic changes are affecting the lake hydrological regime, including the associated drought and floods within the drainage basins. Assessing the value of damages to ecosystem services within the lake basin concerning the climatic changes is difficult due to the numerous ecosystem services provided by every lake basin. This study uses a Contingent Valuation Method to determine the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for lake conservation programs for addressing climate extreme impacts on urban and rural tropical lakes. Surveys using structured questionnaires were carried out around Putrajaya, the Federal Territory of Putrajaya (urban lake) and around Muda Lake, Kedah (rural lake). Respondents in both lake basins significantly differed in terms of education and income level. However, the WTP values for contribution to address climate change measures in both lakes were similar (around USD3). About 62% of respondents in both lake basins were willing to pay and contribute to climate change and conservation trust funds for preventing impacts on the lake. For Putrajaya Lake, the main reason for WTP was the need for managing lake and wetland, and their biodiversity while for Muda Lake, the main reason for WTP was the need for circumventing deterioration in the lake for future generations.
... The wetland comprises of 24 cells which primarily controls the water level and trap the pollutants derived from upstream source flowing into the catchment areas of the Chua and Bisa rivers. It consists of four vegetation classes aquatic plants including emergent plants, fruiting trees, flowering trees and bushes, and shrubs (Rajpar and Zakaria, 2013). ...
... Moreover, PW is bounded by the catchment of river Chua and Baisa and characterized by shallow water depth according to Rajpar and Zakaria (2013). But, PIW is multiland use bounded with oil palm plantation, settlements, farmlands, peat swamp forest and old excavating lands (Hassen-Aboushiba, 2015). ...
... But, PIW is multiland use bounded with oil palm plantation, settlements, farmlands, peat swamp forest and old excavating lands (Hassen-Aboushiba, 2015). Despite the dense aquatic vegetation in PIW, the majority of the lakes in PW have shallow water depth (Rajpar and Zakaria, 2013) due to the lake design and siltation. The lakes in PW were purposely designed for water purification and supply. ...
The study aimed at estimating the population and modelling the site occupancy of the Porphyrio porphyrio indicus (PPI) and Amaurornis phoenicurus (AP) populations in the Paya Indah (PIW) and Putrajaya (PW) wetlands, Peninsular Malaysia. The distance sampling point count technique using stratified random design was employed to survey (from November 2016 to December 2018) and choose 57 and 54 point stations around 14 and 24 lakes of PIW and PW respectively. Significant differences (p<0.05) existed in the encounter rate and effective detection radius of PPI and AP between PIW and PW. Both wetlands had low site occupancy, an unevenly distributed and non-significantly relative abundance (p>0.05) of PPI and AP. PW recorded the higher estimates of site occupancy, naïve occupancy and detection probability by PPI and AP. The findings implied that PW is more abundant in PPI and AP as compared to PIW. Also, it ascertained that the homogenous sites due to proximity (10km) with different wetland types (natural and artificial) could convey varied population estimates and site occupancy of the two species.
