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Location of study area and meteorological stations used in the present work on the western coast of Spitsbergen
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The paper presents the data concerning the spatial diversification of meteorological conditions occurring on the western coast of Spitsbergen during the summer season of 2005. For the analysis daily data have been used from four Polish stations (Kaffiöyra – KH, Ebby valley – EBB, Calypsobyen – CAL and Hornsund – HOR) and two Norwegian stations (Ny...
Citations
... In the research area of Petuniabukta in central Spitsbergen, the amount and types of cloud were examined by [17,18]. However, only a few studies have dealt with the influence of atmospheric circulation on cloudiness and cloud types [3,[19][20][21]. These concern mostly the influence of atmospheric circulation in relation to cloud observation recorded at the Svalbard-Lufthavn meteorological station. ...
The paper analyzes the influence of atmospheric circulation on cloudiness and cloud types during July and August of 2016 in Petuniabukta and Svalbard-Lufthavn. For the meteorological parameters, basic statistical measures were calculated and the average diurnal cloud patterns were analyzed. Taking the data from meteorological reanalysis (NCEP/NCAR-The National Centers for Atmospheric Prediction/The National Center for Atmospheric Research) regarding the mean sealevel pressure (SLP), 500 hPa geopotential height, and air temperature at 850 hPa (T850), composite maps of the synoptic situation for the studied area were constructed. For the observed types of clouds, the frequency of their occurrence in particular types of atmospheric circulation was then determined according to the Nied´zwied´z classification. Differences in the amount of cloudiness in
the examined measuring points were ascertained. The occurrence of cloud types is associated with both the direction of air mass advection and type of circulation. The results may also indicate the possibility of influence from specific, local environmental features on cloudiness.
... They found that the greatest spatial decreasing rate of temperature in Svalbard throughout the whole year was in the southwest-northeast direction ). Significant differences in summer weather conditions between different stations and measuring points located in western and central Spitsbergen were found by Pociask-Karteczka and Ziaja (1990), Przybylak (1992b), Gluza et al. (2004), Przybylak et al. (2006) and Migała et al. (2008), among others. The only research study which demonstrated West-East weather differences in Spitsbergen and was based on in-situ data was conducted by Maciejowski and Michniewski (2007). ...
... Summer is the most humid season with the annual maximum of relative humidity, the most overcast sky and the highest frequency of fog occurrence, intensified also by relatively warm air flowing over snow-or ice-covered surface or cool water surface and very low wind speed (Pietroń 1987;Hisdal 1998;Marsz 2013c). At Hornsund, summer mean relative humidity is 86% (the annual mean is 79%; 1979-2009 averages) but it gradually decreases when moving inland (Przybylak et al. 2006;Marsz 2013b). ...
The climate of the Svalbard archipelago changes with geographical location (latitude and longitude) and is mostly dependent on oceanic and atmospheric circulation, altitude, topography and surface type. The aim of the study was to assess the variability of summer weather conditions on the western and eastern coasts of south Spitsbergen and to see it in connection with atmospheric circulation. The study focused on comparison between sub-daily data from field station measurements carried out during two research expeditions to the eastern coast of south Spitsbergen in the summer seasons of 2005 and 2016 and from the Polish Polar Station Hornsund, located on the western coast. Atmospheric circulation conditions were described by the subjective calendar of circulation types for Spitsbergen. The results confirmed that atmospheric circulation plays the most important role in shaping weather conditions, however local factors, especially the topography, modify the general weather pattern. The western coast of south Spits-bergen proved to be more humid and, consequently, more cloudy and foggy, whereas the eastern coast was characterized by more sunshine, less humidity and more frequent calm air situations. These differences are first and foremost a result of the direction of air-mass advection rather than of the type of pressure system.
... In the area of Kaffiøyra, actinometric measurements have been performed since 1978 (Wójcik 1989;Wójcik andMarciniak 1993, 2002;Kejna 2000;Caputa et al. 2002;Kejna et al. 2011Kejna et al. , 2012and others). Topoclimatic studies of solar radiation and radiation balance have also been conducted on Spitsbergen, demonstrating a considerable diversity of the radiation balance, depending on the type of surface (albedo) and exposure of the terrain (Gluza and Siwek 2005;Arnold and Rees 2009;Budzik et al. 2009;Kryza et al. 2010;Kejna et al. 2011Kejna et al. , 2012). Here, we analyse the spatial diversity of the radiation balance components in the north-west part of Spitsbergen in an annual course on the basis of data from 2013–2014 and in a diurnal course on the basis of summer season data from 2010–2014. ...
This article presents the results of observations of selected fluxes of the radiation balance in north-western Spitsbergen in the years from 2010 to 2014. Measurements were taken in Ny-Ålesund and in the area of Kaffiøyra, on different surface types occurring in the Polar zone: moraine, tundra, snow and ice. Substantial differences in the radiation balance among the various types of surface were observed. The observations carried out in the summer seasons of 2010–2014 in the area of Kaffiøyra demonstrated that the considerable reflection of solar radiation on the Waldemar Glacier (albedo 55%) resulted in a smaller solar energy net income. During the polar day, a diurnal course of the components of the radiation balance was apparently related to the solar elevation angle. When the sun was low over the horizon, the radiation balance became negative, especially on the glacier. Diurnal, annual and multi-annual variations in the radiation balance have a significant influence on the functioning of the environment in polar conditions.
... Wind directions are strongly modified by local orography. In summer, meteorological data from Calypsobyen demonstrate that the dominant winds blow from E and NW, rarely from S (Brázdil et al. 1991;Kejna et al. 2000;Przybylak et al. 2006) (Fig. 1). Swell waves reach Spitsbergen from the open sea. ...
Shoreline dynamics of Calypsostranda (NW Wedel Jarlsberg Land, Svalbard) during the last century
A 6 km long stretch of the coast of Calypsostranda between Skilvika and Joseph-bukta, situated on the western side of Recherchefjorden, was investigated. It is made of an accumulative marine terrace at a height of 2-8 m a.s.l. (terrace 1) and width of 40-180 m, divided by a cliffed section in the frontal moraines of Renardbreen. From the character and intensity of changes, the area was divided into 6 zones. The aim was to analyse the dynamics of changes within coastal zone from 1936 to 2007 and to characterise the influence of various morphogenetic factors (marine, fluvial, cryospheric). The important element of this study has been to determine sources and directions of sediment transport. The dynamics of changes of coastal zone in the Calypsostranda region was established from archival maps and precise GPS measurements for the periods: 1936-1960, 1960-1990, 1990-2000, 2000-2005, 2005-2006, 2006-2007. Comparing the extension of shoreline between 1936 and 2007 showed that there was more erosion than accumulation. Nearly 110 000 m ² of the area of terrace 1 decreased, whereas about 77 000 m ² appeared. The net balance for 1936-2007 was about -32 700 m ² , on average over the whole length of the shoreline, it retreated by 5.7 m (0.08 m a ⁻¹ ). The cease of sediment delivery in the extramarginal sandur fans area of Renardbreen caused intensification of marine processes, that made the shoreline retreat by over 100 m. Continuing sediment delivery from the Scottelva catchment, with contribution of material from erosion of the north end of the shoreline studies, caused the aggradation of coastal zone by over 60 m near its mouth.
