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... March 11, 2011, Tohoku EQ of Magnitude 9.1 Japan ( Figure 1) occurred due to faulting between Pacific and America Plates which moves westward relative to the North America Plate approximately 83mm/yr. ...
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We focus on the possible thermal channel of the well-known Lithosphere–Atmosphere–
Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) mechanism to identify the behavior of thermal anomalies during and prior to strong seismic events. For this, we investigate the variation of Surface Latent Heat Flux (SLHF) as resulting from satellite observables. We demonstrate a spatio-te...
![Figure 3. Relationship between EVCN and EVCU (HNSA) (Data source: [14]...](publication/348652129/figure/fig2/AS:982411051556872@1611236455937/Relationship-between-EVCN-and-EVCU-HNSA-Data-source-14-15_Q320.jpg)
![Figure 4. Relationship between EVCN and EVCU (NGTC) (Data source: [16]).](publication/348652129/figure/fig3/AS:982411051540485@1611236455967/Relationship-between-EVCN-and-EVCU-NGTC-Data-source-16_Q320.jpg)
![Figure 5. Relationship between EVCN and EVCU (KMMT) (Data source: [17]).](publication/348652129/figure/fig4/AS:982411051556873@1611236455995/Relationship-between-EVCN-and-EVCU-KMMT-Data-source-17_Q320.jpg)
Abstract We determined focal mechanism solutions of microearthquakes and examined the stress field in the low-seismicity region from southern Hokkaido to eastern Aomori, NE Japan. The stress fields determined in this study comprise (1) a reverse faulting stress regime in southern Hokkaido with the axis of maximum compressional stress (σ 1) being su...
Citations
... The EQ-induced ionospheric anomalies are differentiated from geomagnetic storm (Kp > 3 and Dst < − 50 nT) anomalies in different studies by Shah and Jin (2015) and Shah et al. (2020a). The association of thermal anomalies with EQs are also reported to correlate EQ energy with the corresponding epicentral region under the integrated approach of LAIC ( Mehdi et al., 2019;Ouzounov et al., 2020;Qi et al., 2020;Shah et al., 2021b). ...
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)–based Earthquake (EQ) anomalies in the ionosphere and troposphere provide explicit evidences to study the coupling between seismic events, atmosphere, and ionosphere in epicentral breeding regions consequent to the EQ day in the preparation period. EQs are still not predicted, but the space-based EQ anomalies aid in the development of monitoring pre- and post-seismic precursors around the seismogenic zone and associated fault lineament regions. In this paper, tropospheric and ionospheric anomalies are investigated for the July 06, 2019, Mw 7.1 California EQ from GNSS tropospheric delays and Total Electron Content (TEC), respectively. We noticed that atmospheric and ionospheric anomalies from GNSS stations within 5–10 days before the main shock and storm-induced ionospheric variations occur beyond the 5th day after the EQ. Similarly, synchronized and collocated lower atmospheric anomalies are also recorded in the long-term temporal values of SO2 and SO4 within 1-month before and after July 2019, which validates the existence of Lithosphere-Atmosphere–Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) over the EQ epicenter. On the other hand, EQ anomalies occur during quiet geomagnetic storm activity (Kp < 3; Dst < − 20 nT) and geomagnetic storm triggered high-intensity ionospheric variations during Kp > 3. All these atmospheric and ionospheric perturbations support the development in EQ precursors with satellite measurements, which are indispensable towards the forecasting of future EQ.
... Physically, these non-mechanical reactions, which reach the atmosphere and the ionosphere with interactions, can only be explained by the electric field of the Earth. The atmospheric anomalies emerge with the ionization of the gases in the air around the epicenter of an impending earthquake (Mehdi et al., 2019). Since igneous minerals contain peroxy defects, these defects produce positive ions with high mobility, which can travel very far up to tens of kilometers, under the stress (Pulinets and Boyarchuk, 2004). ...
Earthquakes are among the major and destructive natural disasters on Earth. Thus, it is important to investigate whether the occurrence of earthquakes affects the behavior of atmospheric parameters. This study aims to examine the aerosol variations in the atmosphere from a multi-year perspective as the earthquake precursor for the eight Mw > 7.0 earthquakes over different locations on the world. In this study, we analyzed Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) derived Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) data as an earthquake precursor. In this context, 4-year (the earthquake year and the previous 3 years) epicentral AOD values were evaluated for each earthquake. As an anomaly indicator, ±2σ (95% confidence level) interval was utilized after applying 15-day moving average filter to the AOD time series. The results showed that any significant pre-seismic fluctuation or distinctive signal was not detected for any of the events, except for the 2017 Iraq Mw = 7.3 earthquake. However, identical anomalies are also observed 8–10 times in a year, which are not related to an earthquake. Thus, it can be assumed as a coincidence rather than a precursory signal. As a consequence, according to the scientific methodology (long-term AOD analysis) used in this study, sufficient precursory events could not be associated with the earthquakes to confirm the hypothesis that pre-seismic aerosol anomalies occur in the atmosphere.
