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Hasanlar Dam and Hydroelectric Power Plant are located on Küçük Melen Creek in the Western Black Sea Basin of Turkey. The dam was constructed in 1974 to provide domestic water needs of the Düzce Province, to supply irrigation water need, to control and mitigate floods and to produce hydroelectric power. This dam has been subjected to severe sedimen...
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... is hydrologically divided into 25 river basins, and the Hasanlar Dam and Hydroelectric Power Plant was constructed on the Küçük Melen Creek in the Western Black Sea Basin as shown in Fig. 1. The drainage area of the Küçük Melen Creek is 696.7 km 2 ( Fig. 2), and the Hasanlar Dam was constructed in 1974 to provide domestic water needs of the Düzce Province, provide irrigation water need, flood control and produce hydroelectric power. ...
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... correlation (R 2 = 0.833) between relative water depths and the actual water depths at those 35 control points (Fig. 11) was obtained. SPEAR RWD method uses logarithmic ratio transformation algorithm; thus, the regression equation obtained in this study is also logarithmic. Using the values of regression coefficient and relative water depth, estimated water depth for each point was calculated. The average of absolute values of differences between the ...
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... thus, the regression equation obtained in this study is also logarithmic. Using the values of regression coefficient and relative water depth, estimated water depth for each point was calculated. The average of absolute values of differences between the estimated and actual water depths was found as 1.45 m, and RMSE was calculated as 2.04 m (Fig. 12). The largest difference was found at the shallowest and deepest points of the reservoir. It is natural that the high concentration of sediment is high in (2) y = 4.638e 1.6658x shallow part because high concentration of flow enters the reservoir at this point. The reason for high concentration at the deepest part might be the sediment ...
Citations
... Numerous bathymetric surveys conducted worldwide have identified significant decreases in reservoir storage capacities (Rowan et al., 1995;Güvel et al., 2017;Darama et al., 2019;Shiferaw and Abebe, 2020;Ugwu et al., 2021;Güvel, 2021;Güvel et al., 2021b). Moreover, in recent years, researchers have increasingly utilized remote sensing data for bathymetry mapping and sedimentation assessment (Jagannathan and Krishnaveni, 2021;Skariah and Suriyakala, 2021).For instance, Taruya and Fuji (1997) conducted a study on reservoir sedimentation in irrigation dams in Japan, analyzing field data from 53 high dams. ...
In this study, sedimentation in the Seyhan Dam reservoir was investigated by analyzing a long-term bathymetric survey dataset. The focus was on understanding how reservoir capacity changes impact reservoir operation rules. The findings revealed that sedimentation from the main branch of the Seyhan River has largely stopped since the construction of the Çatalan Dam, but sedimentation from the Çakıt branch continues. Furthermore, the study observed changes in the upper basin between 1990 and 2018 based on the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) dataset. The forest area increased from 23.71% to 24.36%, and water bodies expanded from 0.3% to 0.9%. This increase in forest and water bodies contributed to a reduction in sediment flow into the Seyhan Dam reservoir. The researchers used regression analysis and found a high correlation (R2=0.96) between water storage capacity changes and time (in years) at a 67.5-meter water level in the Seyhan Dam Reservoir. Overall, the study's results suggest that the decrease in sediment entering from the main branch of the Seyhan River has significantly improved the sedimentation issue.
... Seasonal rainfall variation due to global temperature rise is a secondary influence on soil erosion and sediment deposition [21,29,30]. On the contrary, some studies show declining sedimentation rates in certain reservoirs due to human interventions and climatic factors [31][32][33]. Conservation practices, like improved land management and afforestation, contribute to lower soil erosion and sediment yield. Changes in reservoir management strategies, such as sediment retention structures and spillway reconstruction, are effective in addressing sediment deposition [30,33]. ...
... 2. Bathymetric and topographic approach: This was the selected method for this research. This method uses acoustic signals and geolocation technologies to reproduce the underwater topography [31,55]. In this research, the equipment used was an Applanix SurfMaster GNSS/INS GPS integrated system with two GPS TRIMBLE antennas. ...
... Furthermore, there is an emerging research line in predictive hydrology based on the dependence study of hydrological events [4,[20][21][22]. 5. Satellite imaging and remote sensing techniques have been proposed as alternative methods to monitor sedimentation [31,58]. The support of services on Earth observation equipment like Copernicus (component of the European Union's Space programme) is crucial for capturing the dynamics and real-time temporal evolution of the sediment silting phenomenon. ...
Sediment deposition at the bottom of artificial reservoirs has become a worldwide problem. This comprises a dual issue that is, in the first place, associated with the reduction in storage capacity and lifetime of large reservoirs. The second aspect comprises the threat that the sediment represents for the dam structure. This research is mainly aimed at identifying and inferring the main sediments’ triggering processes through a rigorous analysis of deposition shapes in a large reservoir. For identifying the main deposition shapes, a sequential methodology was designed and developed comprising the following stages. First, an analysis of XYZ cartography from bathymetric development was conducted. Then, a shapes categorization was developed that comprises the identification of six types of shapes based on four parameters: slope continuity, slope break, absolute and relative slope, and arc configuration. The third stage comprised a visualization and spatial calculation of shapes through GIS-based cartography. The fourth stage comprised an interpretation of deposition shapes processes: for that, a dual analysis was developed. First, an analysis based on fluvial sediments transport processes was realized. The second stage implied an analysis of the dam influence on fluvial hydrodynamics and sediments transport. Results comprised a quantitative assessment of each shape as well as physical processes identification and interpretation, generating a robust equivalence between shapes and triggering processes. This research proved successful for the identification and characterization of the main deposition and transport processes that may help to prevent, palliate, and/or correct phenomenon of silting in large reservoirs. This detailed knowledge of deposition forms opens new strategies to release sediments from storage water more effectively.
... Seasonal rainfall variation due to global temperature rise is a secondary influence on soil erosion and sediment deposition [21,29,30]. On the contrary, some studies show declining sedimentation rates in certain reservoirs due to human interventions and climatic factors [31][32][33]. Conservation practices, like improved land management and afforestation, contribute to lower soil erosion and sediment yield. Changes in reservoir management strategies, such as sediment retention structures and spillway reconstruction, are effective in addressing sediment deposition [30,33]. ...
... 2. Bathymetric and topographic approach: This was the selected method for this research. This method uses acoustic signals and geolocation technologies to reproduce the underwater topography [31,55]. In this research, the equipment used was an Applanix SurfMaster GNSS/INS GPS integrated system with two GPS TRIMBLE antennas. ...
... Furthermore, there is an emerging research line in predictive hydrology based on the dependence study of hydrological events [4,[20][21][22]. 5. Satellite imaging and remote sensing techniques have been proposed as alternative methods to monitor sedimentation [31,58]. The support of services on Earth observation equipment like Copernicus (component of the European Union's Space programme) is crucial for capturing the dynamics and real-time temporal evolution of the sediment silting phenomenon. ...
... However, if the flows entering the reservoir are unknown, it is advisable to use multitemporal satellite data to eliminate errors caused by suspended sediment that directly affects water depth. In their study, Darama et al. (2019) applied the LRT method to Landsat 8 OLI satellite data in the Hasanlar Dam reservoir in northwestern Turkey. This study yielded a model with an R 2 of 0.833 and an MSE of 1.25 m for the difference between actual and calculated water depth. ...
The volume of water stored in the reservoir is the most important and often used parameter in dam planning, regardless of whether it is used for irrigation, drinking water, or flood control. Although photogrammetric techniques are used to assess storage capacity during the design phase, bathymetric measuring methods are used throughout dam operation. Nowadays, these maps are also created using sonar, lidar, and satellite-derived bathymetry (SDB) in addition to the classic methods of string sounders and sounder battens. Bathymetric maps should be updated regularly to appropriately manage dam operations due to sedimentation entering the dam reservoir. As technology advances, bathymetric maps may be created faster, more precisely, and at a lower cost. One of these methods is SDB, which is commonly used today. In this study, the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) recommended log ratio transformations (LRT) method was employed. The Berdan Dam, chosen as the study area, is located in southern Türkiye and has been built for irrigation, flood control, power, and drinking water. The relationship between the bathymetric map produced by the sonar technique in July 2019 and the SDB maps produced on the same day by the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) satellites was examined. Pearson correlation coefficient (r), mean absolute error (MAE), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE), and percent bias (PB) statistics were 0.67, 16.43, − 3.74, − 96.8 for Landsat 8 OLI and 0.70, 16.09, − 3.59, − 94.88 for Sentinel-2 MSI. Sentinel-2 MSI regression coefficients were validated by applying them to Landsat 8 RWD, and the r value of the validation was found to be 0.63. The study results showed that the Sentinel-2 MSI satellite for SDB provided more precise bathymetric maps than the Landsat 8 OLI, but the Landsat 8 OLI data were found to be better than the Sentinel-2 MSI data as the depth increased.
... In contrast to hydroelectric potential, this river flows in a supercritical flow regime and carries sediment, which is an important problem for the reservoirs of dams. Several studies were conducted on the sedimentation of reservoirs [1,13]. Sediment accumulation analysis has been calculated on a micro-scale (sub-basin basis) using various methods previously [14]. ...
... The sedimentation patterns that act as markers of environmental changes and/or changes in the aquatic ecosystem are determined using lake chronology (Putyrskaya et al. 2015). Because of the importance of sedimentation rate to ecosystems and humans, a number of approaches have been developed and are currently being used to estimate sedimentation rates, depending on factors such data accessibility, measurement objectives, budget, and time regulations (Darama et al. 2019;Gonzalez Rodriguez et al. 2023). For instance, in many lakes, a combination of artificial 137 Cs (a half-life of 30.7 years) and natural 210 Pb (a half-life of 22.3 years) dating techniques has proven to be an effective tool for determining sediment/mass accumulation rates and interpreting sedimentary geochronology (Appleby 2001(Appleby , 2008Benoit and Rozan 2001;Ruiz-Fernández et al. 2009;Putyrskaya et al. 2015;Semertzidou et al. 2019). ...
In recent decades, Lake Qarun significantly suffered from the adverse effects of climate change (e.g., high evaporation rate) and human activities (e.g., industrial and agricultural development within the catchment). The objectives of this work were to (i) evaluate the sediment characteristics due to the impact of the catchment on the lake and (ii) estimate the sedimentation rates and relate these to historical changes in sediment. Three sediment Cores collected in 2018 from Lake Qarun were sliced into 5 cm intervals, and the radionuclides 210 Pb and 137 Cs were measured using a γ spectrometer. The best validated models were the constant rate of supply (CRS) and the correct CRS(C-CRS). The results provide evidence that grain size, sediment fractions, organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC) and sedimentation rate are all significantly influenced by agricultural and industrial activities.The geochronology models of 210 Pb indicated changes in the sedimentation process of Lake Qarun for 100 years that could be a vital source of information regarding changes in the regional and global hydrology. The estimated mean sedimentation rate based on the 210 Pb model is 0.45 ± 0.1 cm yr −1 that extremely close to the sedimentation rate of the 137 Cs marker is 0.55 cm yr −1 that indicates an excellent agreement in terms of sedimentation rate.
... GIS and remote sensing technique can be used when field data is lacking to study the impacts on dams and reservoirs on rivers (e.g. Condé et al., 2019;Darama et al., 2019;Adamo et al., 2021). However, these data are usually limited in their precision, and still requires field data to a certain extent. ...
This paper introduces a novel data-based modelling approach, Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF), to characterize the sediment load variability at the downstream section of the Red River system in Vietnam. We modified the original EOF and performed it on the demeaned datasets of monthly total sediment load. Rating curves between the discharge and sediment load were used to validate the performance of EOF analysis. The results showed significant similarity between simulated and observed patterns. A dramatic decrease in sediment load has been observed via both the EOF and rating curve methods across the observation period (∼1958-2021), with two dramatic decreasing phases identified (1988-2008 and 2009-present). The variation in the sediment load was mainly related to the seasonal and inter-annual hydrological conditions in the basin, as well as the dam-reservoir impact. Before 1988, river discharge and rainfall were well correlated to the first EOF mode, indicating that the natural forces were the main driving factor for the sediment load. However, anthropogenic pressure (dam-reservoir impact) emerged as an important driver to the declining of sediment load since the end of 1988 and became more severe towards the end of 2008. We conclude that the modified EOF method developed in this study successfully demonstrates a simple and efficient means of reconstructing and evaluating the sediment load variability over time in data-poor regions, influenced by complex natural and anthropogenic – drivers. It can, thus, be useful for water resources management in ungauged basins in the region.
... Due to the relevance of sedimentation to ecosystems and humans, various methods to determine sedimentation rate have been developed and used depending on conditions such as data accessibility, measurement purpose, and budget and time available (Chamoun et al. 2016;Darama et al. 2019). Measurement of bathymetry is one of the most common and accurate methods to determine sedimentation rates. ...
... Measurement of bathymetry is one of the most common and accurate methods to determine sedimentation rates. This method uses acoustic signals and geolocation technologies to reproduce the underwater topography (Banasik et al. 2021;Darama et al. 2019). Core chronology is another typical technique to measure sediment deposition with high temporal resolution over periods of up to 100-150 years (Chen et al. 2019;Rose et al. 2011;Xiang et al. 2002). ...
... Additionally, hydrological data can be used in mathematical formulae to calculate sedimentation and trap efficiency, where equations and models are selected according to the type, quality and frequency of the data available (Lemma et al. 2020; Morris and Fan 2010). More recently, satellite imaging and remote sensing techniques have been proposed as alternative methods to monitor sedimentation (Darama et al. 2019;Mbatya et al. 2019). ...
Sediment deposition in water reservoirs has major implications for storage capacity, reservoir lifetime, and water quality. Changes in rainfall patterns and land use will consequently alter the rate of erosion and therefore have a direct effect on sedimentation rates. This literature review employed a systematic mapping approach to collate and describe evidence of contemporary sedimentation trends for impounded reservoirs and natural lakes with emphasis on studies which analysed impacts on water storage capacity. Fourteen studies determined an overall increase in sedimentation rate, 13 identified a recent decline and another 5 reported mixed results. Interestingly, 83.3% of the articles that studied natural lakes found an increase in recent contemporary sedimentation, while 54.5% of the articles on impounded reservoirs indicated recent declines in sediment deposition. Land use change was the main causative factor responsible for sedimentation rate increase followed by the combined effects of land activities and climate change. Soil and sediment management strategies, implemented in and upstream of some impounded reservoirs, have proved to be effective in mitigating and remediating reservoir sedimentation. From the 147 papers preselected, only 33 contain sufficient sedimentation data to infer recent rate trends with only about 45% of these articles reporting quantities of storage capacity loss caused by sedimentation. Across these 33 studies, assessments of sedimentation and associated storage capacity loss are compromised by the limited spatiotemporal resolution of current measurement methods, reinforcing the requirement to develop new, more robust techniques to monitor sedimentation and storage capacity changes.
... There are minimal and fewer studies on sediment discharge in the literature. There are some new studies about sediment yield analysis and sediment deposition of a dam (Darama et al. 2019, Guvel et al. 2021). This paper is the first on the trend of sediment data on the country scale in Turkey, and ITA is applied to sediment data in Turkish rivers for the first time. ...
Hydrometeorological variables are tested by trend methods to be able to detect trends in river basins. Mann-Kendall, Spearman’s rho tests are widely used as traditional trend methods. Besides that, some new trend tests are applied to hydrometeorological variables as Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA). Sediment discharge observations are more difficult than other hydrometeorological variables. In general, sediment data are observed in monthly time scale. Therefore, there are very limited studies on sediment data, especially in Turkey. In this study, Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA), Mann-Kendall, Correlated Mann-Kendall and Seasonal Mann-Kendall trend analyses are applied to sediment discharges in Turkish river basins. According to Mann-Kendall, Correlated Mann-Kendall and Seasonal Mann Kendall results, positive trends have detected only 8, 2 and 20 gauging stations, respectively. Then, 30 positive and 15 negative trends by ITA methodology. The trend slopes calculated from ITA methodology are categorized because some positive and negative of trends are weak. The applied trend methods are evaluated together considering climate properties of hydrological regions in Turkey. Increasing trends on sediment data are detected from the rivers from Mediterranean region of Turkey. The results of the study would help to manage water resources as well as sustainable development in the Turkish river basins.
... Finally, the ratio transform was implemented with the algorithm developed by [23]. A map of the relative water depth (i.e., log ratio of the spectral bands) was derived from the log ratio between the green and blue spectral bands [44][45][46][47][48][49]. ...
Accurate and reliable bathymetric data are needed for a wide diversity of marine research and management applications. Satellite-derived bathymetry represents a time saving method to map large shallow waters of remote regions compared to the current costly in situ measurement techniques. This study aims to create very high-resolution (VHR) bathymetry and habitat mapping in Mayotte island waters (Indian Ocean) by fusing 0.5 m Pleiades-1 passive multispectral imagery and active ICESat-2 LiDAR bathymetry. ICESat-2 georeferenced photons were filtered to remove noise and corrected for water column refraction. The bathymetric point clouds were validated using the French naval hydrographic and oceanographic service Litto3D® dataset and then used to calibrate the multispectral image to produce a digital depth model (DDM). The latter enabled the creation of a digital albedo model used to classify benthic habitats. ICESat-2 provided bathymetry down to 15 m depth with a vertical accuracy of bathymetry estimates reaching 0.89 m. The benthic habitats map produced using the maximum likelihood supervised classification provided an overall accuracy of 96.62%. This study successfully produced a VHR DDM solely from satellite data. Digital models of higher accuracy were further discussed in the light of the recent and near-future launch of higher spectral and spatial resolution satellites.
