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Concentrations of cadmium, iron, lead, zinc, copper, manganese, nickel, chromium, cobalt and aluminum were determined in three commercially valuable fish species, Saurida undosquamis, Sparus aurata, Mullus barbatus, from İskenderun Bay in August 2003. The concentration of metals was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Concentrati...
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... lizardfish (Saurida undosquamis, SU), gilt- head seabream (Sparus aurata, SA) and red mullet (Mullus barbatus, MB). These species are commonly consumed by the local population in Turkey. Three se- lected sites along the approximate coastline of 120 km _ Iskenderun Bay, Northeastern Mediterranean Sea of Turkey, were sampled as illustrated in Fig. 1. These sta- tions are the Arsuz (ARZ), relatively clean area, _ Isken- derun Harbour Area (IHA) and Petrotrans (PTS), intensively polluted areas by both industrial and domestic sources. Fish samples were trawled from three stations in the bay during August 2003. Fifteen samples from each fish species were obtained from each station. ...
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Citations
... In comparison, the least Ni content was noted in gill (0.01 µg/g-ww) during the wet season and in muscle (0.02 µg/g-ww) during the dry season (Table 1). According to the literature, Ni concentration in fish species from Iskenderun Bay ranged from 0.11 to 12.88 µg/g ww 34 . A daily intake of 100-300 µg/g bw/day of nickel has been suggested by Ref. 35 . ...
Hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha, Hamilton, 1822), the highly coveted table fish within the Indian subcontinent, is Bangladesh's most significant single-species fishery. To assess the risk that toxic metals pose to human health, certain health risk indices—estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), total target hazard quotient (TTHQ), and target cancer risk (TR)—were calculated. The hierarchy of toxic metals (µg/g-ww) in Hilsa shad of the bay showed as Zn (13.64 ± 2.18) > Fe (9.25 ± 1.47) > Mn (2.98 ± 0.75) > Cu (0.57 ± 0.18) > Cr (0.23 ± 0.06) > Pb (0.22 ± 0.04) > As (0.08 ± 0.02) > Ni (0.06 ± 0.02) > Co (0.04 ± 0.01) > Cd (0.01 ± 0.003) in the wet season and Zn (11.45 ± 1.97) > Fe (10.51 ± 1.38) > Mn (3.80 ± 0.75) > Cu (0.73 ± 0.17) > Pb (0.30 ± 0.03) > Cr (0.20 ± 0.05) > As (0.09 ± 0.01) > Ni (0.08 ± 0.02) > Co (0.07 ± 0.02) > Cd (0.02 ± 0.004) in the dry season. The EDI of all the examined trace metals indicated no risk to human health from consuming Hilsa fish. The estimation of THQ and TTHQ suggested that the ingestion of both individual and combined trace metals through Hilsa shad consumption was safe from the perspective of human health. Also, there was no evidence of carcinogenic risk for consumers based on the evaluation of the TR value of metals (As, Pb, Cd, and Ni) due to Hilsa shad consumption.
... Fishes are one of the richest source of protein in the human diet. A number of studies have been reported on heavy metal addition in different fishes (Türkmen et al., 2005). Bangladesh has a vast fisheries resources comprising of freshwater, brackish and marine water inhabited. ...
... The study area is an important fishing area because it is rich in fish diversity. It is under the pressure of many industrial facilities (iron and steel factories, beverage factories, LPG factories, oil transfer piers, other industrial facilities), sea traffic, residential areas and river discharges (Türkmen et al., 2005). ...
Due to the increasing harmful effects of metal(loid)s over time, it has become important in environmental studies carried out to increase environmental awareness. It is important to investigate the cumulative presence of metal(loid)s in nature, their interactions with each other and risks posed by fish consumption for human health. Total concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were determined in muscle and gill tissues of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) and sardine (Sardina pilchardus). Metal analyses were carried out using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopic (ICP-MS) methods. In both tissues, Fe and Zn concentrations were the highest and Cd, Cu and Pb concentrations were the lowest. The target hazard coefficient, estimated daily intake, target cancer risk, total target hazard coefficient, and hazard indices were calculated to assess the risks to an individual's health from consuming fish. Hazard index and total target hazard coefficient values calculated for each fish exceeded 1 but were very close to 1. Target cancer risk values of As and Ni were found to be 10–6 and 10–4 for Pb. These limit values indicate the need for regular monitoring of the region. In addition, the interactions between the metal(loid)s accumulated in the tissues were analyzed and a high correlation was found between As-Ni, which poses a risk to public health.
... Lead (Pb) is also a ubiquitous metal in the environment, due to its intensive use (Sánchez-Marín and Beiras, 2008). This metal presents a potential danger to marine organisms, and therefore has received considerable attention due to its toxicity, persistence and accumulation (Kavun et al., 2002;Miquel, 2001;Roy et al., 2015;Türkmen et al., 2005). Lead is predominantly found in the atmospheric compartment of the environment and originates from various sources such as smelters, metallurgical industries, coal combustion, waste incineration, and emissions from vehicles (Taylor et al., 2014). ...
Heavy metals are considered a major threat to aquatic ecosystems, due to their ability to penetrate and accumulate through the food chain, putting marine organisms and the ecosystem at risk. This research presents a case study of the Taghazout coast, located in the central Atlantic of Morocco, which has become the focal point of various development projects, including the Taghazout Bay tourist resort. The study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the harmful effects of these metals on the reproductive cycle and population dynamics of the bivalve Donax trunculus. The assessment of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu) levels in D. trunculus bivalves and sediment at the research location provides evidence of exposure to these metal sources by these bivalves. The analysis of the reproductive cycle revealed a balanced sex ratio of males to females. The Sexual Maturity Index (SMI) and Condition Index (CI) of the bivalves were found to be significantly influenced by trace elements Pb and Cu, as well as environmental factors like temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. The maturity stages of the gonads were classified into five stages: undifferentiated, developing, mature, spawning, and spent. Two spawning periods were observed aligning with the population dynamics study that identified a bimodal recruitment (early autumn and spring) in D. trunculus. The population was found to have 11 size cohorts, with a maximum length of 37.96 cm, a yearly growth rate of 1.93 cm, and a short lifespan of 1.5 years. The high mortality rate of 3.30 per year was attributed to the presence of trace elements in Taghazout coast. These findings shed light on heavy metal's impact on the population of D. trunculus, revealing that a sole emphasis on its physiological or cellular effects may overlook its larger impact.
... The heavy metal pollution of aquatic environment occurs through industrial wastes, solid waste, agricultural run-off, systems (Turkmen et al., 2005;Krishnakumar et al., 2017a,b). The essential metals also produce toxic effects at higher levels (Wang and Rainbow, 2005). ...
... Iskenderun Bay hosts a high diversity of sh and is one of the signi cant shing areas of the region. It is a region under the threat of intense pollution due to industrial facilities (iron and steel factories, beverage factories, LPG factories, oil transfer docks, other industrial facilities) and residential areas around it, as well as river discharges and sea tra c (Türkmen et al., 2005). ...
Metals are one of the most significant environmental problems of today. It is important to examine the cumulative presence of metals in nature, their interactions with each other, and the risks posed by fish consumption in terms of human health. Total concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in sardine and horse mackerel muscle and gill tissues were determined. The concentrations of Fe and Zn were found to be highest, and the concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Pb were found to be lowest. Estimated daily intake, target hazard quotient, total target hazard quotient, target cancer risk, and hazard index were calculated to assess the potential health risk associated with fish consumption. The hazard index and total target hazard quotient values calculated for each fish have exceeded the value of 1 but are very close to 1. The target cancer risk values of As and Ni were found to be 10−6, and Pb was found to be 10−4. These limit values indicate the necessity of regular monitoring of the region. Also, interactions between accumulated metals in the tissues were examined, and a high correlation was found between As-Ni, which poses a risk to public health.
... The study area is an important shing area because it is rich in sh diversity. It is under the pressure of many industrial facilities (iron and steel factories, beverage factories, LPG factories, oil transfer piers, other industrial facilities), sea tra c, residential areas and river discharges (Türkmen et al., 2005). ...
Due to the increasing harmful effects of metals(loid)s over time, it has become an important issue in environmental studies carried out to increase environmental awareness. It is important to investigate the cumulative presence of metals in nature, their interactions with each other and the risks posed by fish consumption for human health. Total concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined in muscle and gill tissues of sardine and horse mackerel. Fe and Zn concentrations were the highest and Cd, Cu and Pb concentrations were the lowest. Target hazard coefficient, estimated daily intake, target cancer risk, total target hazard coefficient and hazard indices were calculated to assess the risks to an individual's health from consuming fish. Hazard index and total target hazard coefficient values calculated for each fish exceeded 1 but were very close to 1. Target cancer risk values of As and Ni were found to be 10 ⁻⁶ and 10 ⁻⁴ for Pb. These limit values indicate the need for regular monitoring of the region. In addition, the interactions between the metals accumulated in the tissues were analysed and a high correlation was found between As-Ni, which poses a risk to public health.
... They are then transported into the aquatic ecosystem and ingested by biota [12]. Therefore, fish and sediment are useful markers for assessing the long-term buildup of heavy metals in aquatic environments [13]. ...
Wetlands are highly productive and diverse ecosystems providing home to thousands of organisms. These ecosystems reduce water pollution, sequester carbon, support livelihoods, and increase food security. However, these ecological functions are being impeded due to increased levels of metals in the environment. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate the degree of metal contamination in the surface sediment of a wetland, Tanguar Haor, for the first time. The result demonstrated that the mean concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Pb and Hg varied from 13140.39 to 45675, 40.07 to 46.29, 47.60 to 57.15, 18.89 to 35.23, 1.24 to 2.64, and 0.35 to 0.42, respectively. The concentration of As was found to be higher than the average shale value. The concentration of Cu (44.19 µg/g) and Hg (0.38 µ/g) was very close to the shale value (45 µg/g and 0.40 µg/g, respectively), indicating a moderate level of contamination. The contamination level was
further evaluated by multi-indices, e.g., the contamination factor (CF), the enrichment factor (EF), and the geo-accumulation index (Igeo). The average EF values for As (115.41), Cu (57.68), and Hg (55.47) were >50, indicating a high degree of contamination (extremely severe enrichment). However, CF values showed varied levels of pollution; for example, the majority of the area was only somewhat contaminated with As, Cu, and Hg, but less contaminated with Fe, Zn, and Pb. According to Igeo, sampling sites were found to be unpolluted or less polluted by heavy metals. Based on potential ecological risk assessment (PERI), the degree of risk from the six heavy metals decreased in the following sequence: As > Cu > Zn > Pb > Cr > Ni. PERI values indicated the study area has been exposed to moderate risk to As and low risk to other metals. This study provides an opportunity for frequent monitoring of heavy metals in this ecologically critical environment, and thus curbing heavy metal pollution.
... On the other hand, As, Cd, Hg and Pb are non-essential metals, with no known biological role and even toxic in traces for marine organisms and humans (Renieri et al., 2019). Furthermore, the essential metals can also produce toxic effects when the metal intake is excessively elevated (Türkmen et al., 2005). Wild populations of gilthead seabream in the Mediterranean region move among several coastal habitats, and there are no important differences in trace element concentrations among different wild fish populations (Gillanders et al., 2001). ...
Considering the overexploitation of fishing on most of the world coasts, the ingestion of fish and shellfish will depend mostly on aquaculture production. Since intensive mariculture usually involves environmental impact, developing sustainable cultures is a priority. In this sense, salt marshes can provide ecosystem services and incorporate both conservation and extensive aquaculture activities. In the present study we compared gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 cultured in extensive and semi-intensive marsh ponds with wild conspecifics from surrounding coastal areas, using trophic characterization (diet analysis and stable isotopes) and trace metal accumulation. Stomach content analysis revealed different feeding habits among gilthead seabream from different origin. Although wild specimens had the most diverse diet, results of stable isotopes showed that extensive diet had the wider isotopic niche and revealed the highest similarities between wild and extensively cultured gilthead seabream. A similar trace element signature was also measured in wild and extensive culture, whereas the semi-intensive culture showed different concentrations for several elements. Cr, Fe and Mn showed the highest concentrations in semi-intensive cultured fish, while As and Zn showed the lowest values in this group. In any case, average values measured in both extensive and semi-intensive culture were, in general terms, below the hazardous limits provided by the standards recommended for trace metals by national and international regulations. Therefore, marsh ponds provide a suitable environment where the cultured fish, especially extensive, should be promoted.
... From each region, four fish species were sampled: round sardinella (Sardinella aurita), brushtooth lizardfish (Saurida undosquamis), striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus), and goldband goatfish (Upeneus moluccensis). These were chosen due to their ecological importance and the fact that they are widespread and widely consumed by humans [7,8]. This research is part of a wider effort to create a data baseline of pathogenic prevalence in marine fishes along the Israeli Mediterranean coastline, a region in which there is still a large knowledge gap. ...
Infectious diseases caused by marine bacterial pathogens inflict increasing economic losses to fisheries and aquaculture, while also posing a growing risk to public health and affected species conservation. In this study, four wild marine fish species were collected at five fishing sites in Israel, divided into two regions-north (Acre, Haifa, Shefayim) and center-south (Tel-Aviv and Ashdod), and screened for Photobacterium damselae. An initial screening was carried out using PCR analysis with specifically designed primers on DNA extracted from livers and kidneys. P. damselae-positive samples had their 16S rRNA amplicons sequenced. Later, an attempt to specify relevant sub-species was performed, using a three-layered gene screen: Car, ureC and toxR. Of 334 fish samples, 47 (14%) were found to be P. damselae-positive, of which 20 were identified as P. damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp), two as P. damselae subsp. damselae (Phdd) and 25 could not be identified to subspecies. Our results strengthen the view that fish residing in a polluted environment are receptive of pathogenic microorganisms. To assess how the presence of pathogens may affect population management and conservation, this research should be followed by studies aimed at: (i) quantifying levels of pollutants that may affect pathogen emergence, and (ii) creating a standard pollution-level index as a basis for setting criteria, above which authorities should take measures of precaution.
