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This groundwater research is carried out groundwater quality in Jabal Sarage and Charikar Districts. The main objective of this research is to find out natural causes of drinking water contaminations (toxic elements and components), that are leaching from soluble arrangement of rocks,sediments and soil by surface water at the infiltration time, tow...
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The availability of safe drinking water is a basic necessity for the well-being of society. Physicochemical characteristics of water significantly determine its quality and directly or indirectly influence the microbial growth. Only a selected studies have been done in the Garhwal region to ascertain the physicochemical quality including heavy meta...
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... Generally, for drinking, the water of shallow and deep wells benefited. More to the point, in some areas spring water originates from the fracture zones where pipe scam for gravity pumping systems and distributed install and benefited from the water in villages (Rasouli, 2020b, Rasouli, 2021b. ...
Due to extreme arid conditions in Afghanistan, it is critical to conduct research by modeling groundwater features. The studies conducted in Nimroz province on the groundwater flow directions, aquifer types, inflow, outflow, evaporation, and geology of the region are presented. Samples were collected from each profile and transported to our laboratory for characterization. The objective was to identify parameters in different locations of Nimroz and Zarang, for potential use as a water resource, since no such data exists due to years of conflict in the region. From this study, we assess the features of lithology, such as silty sand, clay with gravel, sandy silt, gravel, boulder, and clay with gravel, in addition to the groundwater quality, which is saline, due to evaporation in this region. Generally, the thickness of aquifers is about 5-25m, and the groundwater has evaporated to 5-10m depth with an annual precipitation of about 50-100 mm. It is further observed that the groundwater direction is from east to west. The results suggest that the modeling can be used for other regions.
... Aquatic creatures need oxygen levels. (Rasouli, 2021). Aquatic plants and algae photosynthesis provide most of the dissolved oxygen in natural aquatic environments (Cavelan et al., 2022). ...
... Quaternary sediments are > 100 m thick and are dispersed around Kabul [5] . Underlying tertiary sediments in Kabul are estimated to be between 1500-2000 m thick, depending upon the area location of the valley [6,7] . The adjoining mountains are predominantly comprised of Paleo-Proterozoic gneiss and Late Permian and Late Triassic sedimentary rocks [7] . ...
We present the results of studies conducted on the assessment of groundwater quality observed on several water samples taken from water supply sources in the Pul-e-Charkhi region, which is located near the eastern part of Kabul and has seen steady growth in population after the U.S. completed its withdrawal from Afghanistan on 30 August 2021. The water in the basin serves as the main source of water supply and it consists of water discharge from nearby local industries, automobile repair and wash, Osman House, Gradation Place, International Standards Region, and many other regional sources that create a mix of contaminants in discharge to the basin. We collected several samples from each groundwater source for this investigation and transported them carefully to the research laboratory, maintaining the integrity of the samples. The main objective of this study is to assess groundwater quality for the determination of contaminants in groundwater to see what limitations it may pose for recycling and reuse. Such a study is necessary since the region requires persistent sources of water due to a steady increase in population and an associated shortage of water supply due to arid conditions. Furthermore, there is unavailability of similar data since the region served to support military operations since 2001. The samples were analyzed for temperature, electro-conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, salinity, pH, color, turbidity, hardness, chemicals, and heavy metals. The results obtained suggest that the parameters can be used efficiently to design filtration strategies based on region-specific contamination for the specific catchments located in and around the Kabul Basin. An effort to add additional characterization techniques is described to detect micro/nano plastics and new and emerging contaminants. The efforts reported here are consistent with the 2030 agenda for Sustainable Development Goals.
... Currently, the Asiab River runs in a very steep area inside a valley causing erosion of the river all the way down to the riverbed. The river flows from northeast to southeast and at the Alishang village; it changes direction from north to south and joins with the Gardan Masjid River [6]. In fact, the river drains in different places depending on the course it follows. ...
Hydrogeological investigations are carried out in six Asiab regions in Chack, Wardak Province of Afghanistan. The Asiab region is located longitudinally to a valley that is parallel to the Wardak mountain range. In earlier times, the entire region was a big lake and as the water body receded along the width of these regions, this converted the entire region into one big fault at the Alishang Village. Currently, the Asiab River runs in a very steep area inside a valley causing erosion of the river all the way down to the riverbed. This river flowed from northeast to southeast and at the Alishang village; it changed direction from north to south and joined with the Gardan Masjid River. In these regions, all aquifer layers are located between the valleys and these formations are filled with gravel, sands, silts, loams, etc. and their accumulation along the river. Due to its accumulation on both sides of the river, the terraces (upper, middle and lower) consist of different types of conglomerates with different matrix materials which are found in different types of aquifers (aquifer, aquiclude and aquifuge). Since the residents use the water for general consumption, we tested water samples from 10 different wells in Alishang, Tapor, Kaday, Makhtoma, Kazian and Hakemkhel villages and assessed different parameters based on the different formations of stratigraphy according to their profiles. Due to regional conflict, the water quality and groundwater management have been ignored in this region, thus necessitating this research to provide necessary information to the local and state government for decision-making and management.
... Furthermore, corresponding to the thickness of layers, for a thicker layer the particles size is larger since it is due to the higher velocity of streams, as high velocity generally transports larger sizes, but when the layers of soil are thin, we determine that the smaller sizes of particles, would be transported in dry years due to the slow streams velocity, which only carries smaller sizes which make thin layers (Rasouli, et al., 2023a;Montgomery, 1994). The Qargha Sedimentary Basin is located on the west side of Kabul and covers an area of 15 km 2 (Munsell, 1999;Rasouli, 2021). In this basin, all regolith and sediments are transported from different points of the Paghman mountain range by sudden floods and it's accumulated at different thicknesses in different locations of this basin (Paetzold et al., 2005;Shamal and Rasouli, 2018). ...
... This investigation is crucial to study the different sizes of river sediments and soil and their characteristics since there is a lack of previous research and available literature pertaining to this basin. The main aim of this study is to build a database from this research on the geology (Rasouli, 2021), sediment, and soil in the Qargha Dam Basin in Afghanistan (Rasouli, 2020a;Hamdard et al., 2022). ...
We report our results of the soil research carried out and aimed at the soil around theQargha areas in the Paghman district, province of Kabul, Afghanistan. For thisinvestigation, we used dissimilar soil samples from the Qargha Dam areas. The samplesconsist of six different profiles and after extraction, the samples were carefully transportedto our research laboratory for analysis. One of the objectives of this study is to identifyand profile such areas in terms of their physical and chemical properties and draw anycorrelation with earlier geological periods of Qargha around Areas. The portions of thedam reservoir are situated at different widths of stratigraphy and hence discharge into dryRivers during the snow-melting seasons. Normally during years of extra precipitation,the thickness of soil layers varies in size, however, during years of drought the thicknessof layers is thin. Since the 1980s, we have not observed noticeable precipitation and snowmelting, primarily due to climate change and its impact on Afghanistan. The aquifers,therefore, consist of different sizes of sediments, and in the dam reservoir, we finddifferent sizes of clay, silt and sand, granules. During this investigation, we profileddifferent formations of stratigraphy consisting of different layers like sand, silty clay,gravel, sand, clayey loam, loam, and silty clay, gravel. Overall, the profiles consist oflarger and smaller sizes of sediments, but such profile consists mostly of fine materials,such as clay, silts, and sands. With associated physico-chemical characteristics, such aspH, electro-conductivity, and elemental composition of the soil, this research is,therefore, crucial to study the different profiles, and hydrological patterns in the Paghmandistrict, due to a lack of previously available literature.
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H. Rasouli et al. International Journal of Earth Sciences Knowledge and Applications (2023) 5 (2) 244-251245Schist, and Granite conglomerates (Böckh, 1971). From thegravel analysis method, we can find different sizes of gravelsof Gneiss, Granite, Schist, Quartzite, and conglomerates(Rasouli, 2019; Broshears, et al., 2005). The mountains ofthis basin are located to the north and northeast of this basin,and they intersect from southwest to northeast (JapanInternational Cooperation Agency (JICA, 2007).It is well known that in Afghanistan, there have been almost30 years of continuous drought, resulting in reducedprecipitation and its adverse impact on surface andgroundwater (Koons, 1989; Rasouli et al., 2023b). In thisstudy, we have compared the water volume in Qargha Damfrom 2013 to 2022. As we view the reservoir of Qargha Dam(Fig. 1), we find different volumes of water in this reservoir(Lave1 and Avouac, 2001). We further find that there wasmore volume of water in 2022 and a lower volume in 2021(Malgary, 1987). We compared the soil layers at differentdepths (cross sections or stratigraphy) for profiling and wedetermined that in 2022, due to drought conditions duringthat period, the layers of soil were very thin. This is consistentwith the observation that during ongoing drought the layersare generally this, as compared to 20 years earlier when thelayers of soil were thick (Molnar, 1990; Rasouli, 2020b).Furthermore, corresponding to the thickness of layers, for athicker layer the particles size is larger since it is due to thehigher velocity of streams, as high velocity generallytransports larger sizes, but when the layers of soil are thin, wedetermine that the smaller sizes of particles, would betransported in dry years due to the slow streams velocity,which only carries smaller sizes which make thin layers(Rasouli, et al., 2023a; Montgomery, 1994).Water Area in Qargha Dam 2013 Water Area in Qargha Dam 2015 Water Area in Qargha Dam 2017Water Area in Qargha Dam 2019 Water Area in Qargha Dam 2021 Water Area in Qargha Dam 2022Fig. 1. The volume of water from 2013-2022 at the Qargha Dam and its direct effects on the transportation of sedimentsThe Qargha Sedimentary Basin is located on the west side ofKabul and covers an area of 15 km2 (Munsell, 1999; Rasouli,2015; Rasouli, 2021). In this basin, all regolith and sedimentsare transported from different points of the Paghmanmountain range by sudden floods and it’s accumulated atdifferent thicknesses in different locations of this basin(Paetzold et al., 2005; Shamal and Rasouli, 2018). ThePaghman and Qargha Dam areas basins date back to theQuaternary (Pleistocene) and Neogene geological periodswith different sizes of sediments deposited over a period oftime and also consist of different types of morphology. Thevarying sizes of these sediments can be observed at differentlevels (Nakata, 1972; Myslil et al., 1982). The type ofsediment in this basin is directly related to the type of rock inthe surrounding mountains, and between these sediments wecan see granite, biotite and muscovite mineral particles
(6) (PDF) Study of Physicochemical Properties of Soil at Qargha Dam Areas in Paghman District, Kabul, Afghanistan. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373398371_Study_of_Physicochemical_Properties_of_Soil_at_Qargha_Dam_Areas_in_Paghman_District_Kabul_Afghanistan [accessed Aug 26 2023].
... It can also be traced through the North Pamir and into the Hindu Kush (Rasouli, 2021). The North Afghan Platform, unlike areas to the west and east, is presently in static equilibrium (Rasouli, 2019). ...
... The sediments, and composed of conglomerates, sandstone, and clays. Quaternary sediments have filled the rivers valleys and their thickness is not very high (Rasouli, 2021). Fig. 9. ...
The article results of studies on the physiochemical properties ofninesamplesinKhair Abad, Nangarhar, Afghanistan. In this research, we collected dissimilar samples from each profile and transported them to the research laboratory.The main objective of this study is to selectphysiochemical limitations in diverse places of Khair Abad, Nangrahar for the earlier geological periods. This inquiry is therefore essential, because of no or scares previous studies, in these areas. From the analysis, we found the soil typeis loam, silty loam andthe pH of the soil is basic and in some places near to acidic. The amountof CaCO3, EC, and pH parameters aredissimilar according to the locations, and the amount of EC and pH are normal at all points, as well as we can find organic materials in different amounts. The resultsobtainedsuggest that the soil parameters can be used efficiently for the Application of soil parameters catchment of the Kabul basin and other basins in Afghanistan.
... The Helmend River Basin one the bigger rivers of Afghanistan, which is located between Farah and Nimroz Provices, consistS source of some rivers such as Helmand, Khashrod, Farah Road, Adraskan roud. After many years' drought there is no any duration due to one-year runoff in these rivers (Rasouli, 2021). The main source of these rivers is snow covered areas and glaciers areas of high mountains those are located the surrounding of Nimroz Province (Rasouli, 2019). ...
... The landscape of Parwan Province has been formed from mountains, the main mountains of Parwan province is Salang and Pangesher mountains to plain areas of Kohdaman, the Hindu Kush mountains range are like wall at the north part of this province continues. The Jabal Saraj, Dowshakh and Paghman mountains ranges are located at the west side of this province [19] . In Kabul River basins we having 25 meteorological stations at the different locations of those basins, for better understanding we can find from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of meteorological stations in Kabul river basins ( Figure 2). ...
This Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources and Air Pollution,research is carried out to analysis Hydro-meteorological and groundwater data in Kabul Sub-basins, Afghanistan. The main objective of this research is to find out natural causes of climate change effects on surface and to,groundwater resources and air pollutions, these data are collected from diferent Hydrometeoroiogical stations and observations in Kabul Subbasins for different years (1957 to 2017). For completion this research they used two categories of data analysis; one is hydro meteorological analysis,and the other is groundwater level analysis. In hydro meteorological analysis air temperature, rainfall and discharge have been recovered by this research in Kabul Sub-basins, a number of air temperature, rainfall,discharge of surface water and groundwater are changes due to climate changes from 1957 to 2017. For climate changes effects this article used air pollution data of national, international development bank of Asia,WHO standards and parameters; PM2.5, PM10, TSP, NO2, SO2, O3, CO and Pb. From comparing PM10 are very higher in the air of Afghanistan. The discharge of Panjsher river due to glacier melting and climate changes increasing. The challenges during this research are lack of equipment.
Afghanistan has a very dry climate with most of the land area suffering from the adverse effects of hydroclimatic extremes. The vast amounts of snow and ice in mountain regions might have greater economic, environmental, and community implications due to such extreme hydrometeorological events. Overflow due to snowmelt from mountain regions is also of great significance for continued water supply. The presence of snow in any basin strongly affects the moisture that is deposited at the surface and is accessible for future runoff. The groundwater research presented here is used to quantify artificial recharge due to rainfall water that is falling from the rooftop of the Faculty of Geoscience building, Kabul University, Afghanistan. The main objective of this research is to study the effects of rainfall on groundwater fluctuations, as per collected data from the study site, especially in the spring and rainy seasons (January to April). In addition, we have studied harvesting methods, borehole lithography, and the tectonic setting of the Kabul basin to supplement our research objectives.
This sedimentlogical, research is carried out aimed at Chak dam reservoir sediments study, in Chak, Wardak province. For completion this investigation we used dissimilar samples of Chak dam reservoir. The stratigraphy of dam reservoir are situated at the different width, and have its place to the discharge of River at the snowmelting seasons. Normally at those years extra precipitation the thickness of layers are additional, but in those years there are drought the thickness of layers are thin. Since that we can find the climate change, because in Afghanistan from 1980 we not having more precipitation.These more aquifers are between different sizes of sediments (sands and gravels).In the dam reservoir we can find different sizes of clay, silt and sands, granules. In this research we found different formation of stratigraphy in profile is consisting different layers like sand, silty clay, gravel, sand, clayey loam, loam and silty clay, gravel with different types of heavy and light minerals . Overall the aquifer are belonging to bigger sizes of sands and gravels. This research is therefore essential to study the different layers in profile, with no or rare previous research’s.
