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Local map of Shanghai with the red dash line indicating city political boundary and simulation area, while the blue line indicating the Huangpu and Dazhi Rivers. The black points represent two tide gauges used to calibrate models.
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The increasing vulnerability of coastal mega-cities to storm surge inundation means both infrastructure and populations are subject to significant threat. Planning for further urban development should include consideration of the changing circumstances in coastal cities to ensure a sustainable future. A sustainable urban plan relies on well prepare...
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The increasing vulnerability of coastal megacities to
storm surge inundation means both infrastructure and populations are subject
to significant threat. Planning for further urban development should include
consideration of the changing circumstances in coastal cities to ensure a
sustainable future. A sustainable urban plan relies on sound prepare...
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For advanced economies, it is a well-established stylized fact that large cities are relatively skill abundant. For emerging markets, like China, this relationship is less well established. We show, using recently developed tests, that also in China higher skills sort into larger locations. This sorting process is consistent with the comparative ad...
Research Highlights: • Allometric equations explain minimum planting widths for small stature trees. • Trunk flare diameter is related to species, stem diameter, and measurement height • Cost savings for increased planting widths were created for sidewalk replacement. • Minimum planting width provided for planners, urban foresters, and engineers. A...
Citations
... This is particularly true for the WNP, especially the South China Sea (SCS), where numerical models are underutilized despite promising developments, such as PSU/NCR-MM5 [39] and surge studies specific to Peninsular Malaysia (PM) [56,57]. While MIKE21 modules are employed in countries like Bangladesh, the Philippines, China, and Australia [58][59][60][61], their use on the PM coast is limited. The closest application was by the authors of [62], who simulated anticipated surge heights in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia (ECPM). ...
Amid mounting concerns about climate change’s impact on coastal areas, this study investigates storm surge dynamics induced by Tropical Depression 29W (TD 29W) using the MIKE 21 model. Comprehending the complex mechanisms behind storm surges is crucial considering gaps in understanding their combined influences, including tide–surge interactions, varying typhoon parameters, and changing storm tracks. The impacts of climate change, including accelerating sea level rise and its correlation with storm surge magnitudes, require detailed investigations for effective disaster management in vulnerable coastal communities. Through precise calibration, matching simulations with tidal gauge stations, this research uncovers the intricate interplay between landfall timing, diverse storm tracks, wind intensities, and the amplifying impact of rising sea levels. Findings indicate surge residuals ranging from −0.03m to 0.01m during TD 29W’s landfall, with higher surge residuals during rising tide phases. Moreover, an increase in TD 29W’s maximum wind speed moderately influences positive surges while significantly amplifying negative surge heights by 68% to 92% with wind speed increments. An analysis of typhoon track variations emphasizes the vulnerability of the Pahang coast to changing storm dynamics, underlining the need for tailored resilience strategies. Projections suggest a significant surge height increase by the year 2100, emphasizing the urgency of adaptive measures for the region.
... It is essential to have the correct wind and pressure fields when simulating cyclones. Wind and pressure cause shear stresses, which create surge currents and waves (Morin et al., 2016;Dong et al., 2017). ...
A Bayesian Network (BN) approach is utilized to leverage synthetic datasets to aid in forecasting onshore hazards and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) measures for Port of Sur is assessed. The 3rd generation MIKE21 model was used to simulate flood hazard characteristics (depth and velocity) and the effectiveness of the mangrove forests along the shoreline as an ecosystem-based DRR measure through a reduction in depth and velocity for a 400-year storm return period event. The implementation of the ecosystem-based DRR reduced high damage (more than 64% damage) for residential buildings by 10%. Meanwhile, in the west part of the port, 25% of the population is at extreme risk to life, which can be reduced to 4% by implementing the ecosystem-based DRR. The ecosystem-based DRR reduced the high level of damage (more than 65% damage) for infrastructures by 6% and 9% for the eastern and central parts of the Port of Sur, respectively. The outcomes demonstrate that BN can be used as a simulation tool to conceptualize the potential consequences of a storm in Decision Support System (DSS). For coastal managers to evaluate which options are the best for reducing potential damage to coastal systems.
... The data were obtained using the available international databases, which are given in Table 2. One of the principal constituents for the modelling in storm condition is the precise wind and pressure field because the wind and pressure cause shear stresses, which made surge current and wave [23,24]. If the available wind fields cannot capture the cyclone wind fields or wind data are not available at all, then the charts of atmospheric surface pressure can be used [25]. ...
Tropical cyclones may be destructive in the coastal region, such as the Gonu tropical cyclone, which affected the Arabian Peninsula and parts of southern Iran in 2007. In this study, a coupled MIKE 21/3 HD/SW (hydrodynamic/spectral wave) model was used to simulate the inland flooding inside the Sur port during the Gonu tropical cyclone. The MIKE 21 Cyclone Wind Generation (CWG) tool was utilized to generate the cyclone’s wind and pressure field. The required input data were obtained from the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) and imported into the CWG tool. In this study, the wind and pressure fields were compared between the analytical vortex model and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data during the Gonu cyclone passage. Moreover, by developing a new model, artificial Mangroves’ effect on inland flooding was investigated. The results show that, contrary to the ECMWF data, the analytical vortex models well captured the storm event’s wind and pressure field. Furthermore, the flood hazard is calculated based on the inundation depth, flow velocity, and area’s vulnerability. The flood hazard map shows that 5% of the coast is at high-risk, 49% is at medium-risk, and 46% is at low-risk class in the Sur port. By applying Mangroves as flood risk reduction, the high-risk area is almost completely removed. However, medium and low-risk zones increase by 50% and 50%, respectively. This information could be helpful in disaster risk reduction and coastal management in the future.
