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This paper attempts to address the problem of extreme electricity shortage in Nigeria. This deficiency is multidimensional which are attributed to inadequate infrastructure, inadequate funding of this sector, and energy losses from generation to billing. Some technical issues were raised and solutions proffered taking the Awka business unit of Powe...
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... is the load factor Tables 2-4 represents the average monthly load demands, maximum load demands and load factors for a period of three years for Awka Business Unit (Power Holding Company of Nigerian) From the diagram, it can be seen that one 15 MVA 33/11KV transformer (TR4) supplies power to Nibo feeder and Agu Awka feeder and the other transformer (TR2) supplies power to Abagana and Enugu Agidi. The local demand at the various feeders and the route length of the feeders are presented in table 5. ...
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Electricity consumption forecasting is important for effective operation, planning and facility expansion of power system. Accurate forecasts can save operating and maintenance costs, increased the reliability of power supply and delivery system, and correct decisions for future development. There is a great development of Universiti Tun Hussein On...
Citations
... The Electric Power Sector is one of the most important sectors to national development. The power sector is critical to the developmental reform of any country (Chinwuko et al., 2011). Electricity generation, transmission, and distribution are three stages of delivering electricity to consumers. ...
... The factors are no diversification of sources of energy used in electricity generation, poor maintenance culture, and electrical power transmission line losses due to long distances between generating stations and load centers. Chinwuko et al. (2011), attempt to address the problem of extreme electricity shortage in Nigeria, they attributed the problem to inadequate infrastructure, inadequate funding of this sector, and energy losses from generation to billing. The generated power cannot all be utilized at the generating stations and its immediate environment. ...
The Fourth Industrial Revolution is reshaping the way societies interact with their environment and the way they use energy. This paper seeks to investigate the impacts of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on energy efficiency and sustainability. To do so, this paper focuses on the implications of digital technologies such as the Internet of Things, Industrial IoT, Big Data, and Artificial Intelligence, which are transforming the way energy is produced, stored, and consumed. Additionally, the study investigates the effects of digital technology as a means of improving energy efficiency and eco-sustainability. It provides insights into the potential of digital technologies to reduce energy consumption and promote green energy solutions. Furthermore, this paper will identify the challenges that digital technologies pose in the development of energy efficiency and sustainability practices. By conducting a rigorous literature review, this paper identifies best practices for the implementation of energy efficiency and eco-sustainability initiatives, in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Furthermore, it also seeks to identify areas of potential improvement in the current state of energy efficiency and sustainability initiatives.
... However, a merger of the two was made in 1972 formed the National Electric Power Authority (NEPA) which was unbundled again in 2005 to become Power holding Company of Nigeria. (Chinwuko et al, 2011). Despite several reforms and abundance sources of energy available for power generation, the nation remains one of the lowest electric power consumptions per capita in Africa (Oyedele, 2022). ...
... As at June 2022, Oyedeji (2022) posited that Nigeria has recorded 5 grid collapses as its electricity sector continues to suffer unprecedented challenges. Chinwuko (2011) identified insufficient equipment, substandard methods of transmission, poor zoning of distribution, low voltage supply, unauthorized connection and disconnection, corruption in the management, equipment vandalization and inefficient distribution planning as major factors behind electricity generation and distribution challenges in Nigeria and Port Harcourt City in particular. Every power collapse and accomplishing black out always have resultant effect on customers, small and medium scale enterprises and of course on nation's economy. ...
The study examined power distribution planning strategy for improving power distribution in Rivers state using Port Harcourt City Local Government Area as case Studies. One research question and two hypotheses were raised and formulated respectively to guide the study. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population for the study was 137; which comprised 42 and 95 members of National Union of Electricity Employees Rivers state chapter with 0 years to 10 years of employment and 11 years and above respectively. The entire population was used for the study since it was not too large and is manageable. A 7 items structured questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection and the items were based on four-point rating scale. The instrument was validated by three experts from the department of technical education of Ignatius Ajuru University of Education Ndele campus, Rivers state. Cronbach Alpha method was used to establish the reliability of the instrument; which yielded reliability coefficient of .78. Data was analyzed using means and standard deviation for answering the research questions while hypotheses were tested using z-test at the alpha level of .05 significance. The study revealed that power distribution strategic planning such as environmental scanning, stakeholders' brainstorming, international analysis and syntheses, documentation among others were strategies for improving power distribution in Rivers state. It recommended among other things that power distribution strategic planning should be adopted for power distribution improvement.
... There are 11 Electric Power Distribution Companies in the country (whose distribution areas are differently colored. Each DisCo manages its locality and has different substations which help in monitoring power and distribution [13]. There are two types of distribution networks; one is a radial network, and another is a loop or network. ...
... Presently in Nigeria, the voltage value delivered to electricity consumers through the distribution network most times is low and often violates the standard acceptable voltage limit set by the American National Standard Institution (ANSI C84.1 -90% ≤ V ≤ 106% of the nominal voltage value) [4], [5]. The Distribution network is the major link that provides power supply to the consumers from the high voltage transmission system [6], [7]. The load on the distribution network is not constant and it changes with time throughout the working period [8]. ...
The recent development in digital technology, especially in digital switching systems using a microcontroller offers new and cheaper possibilities of improving the performance of electric power distribution networks. This research work involves the design of a microcontroller-based capacitor switching system that can automatically switch on and off capacitor banks in a power distribution network. The automated system switches on capacitor banks for voltage compensation when the distribution network voltage value drops below the ANSI C84.1 acceptable lower voltage limit. It also switches off the capacitor banks when the voltage values goes back within the standard limit, thus avoiding over-compensation of the line. The switching system consists of a 5VDC power supply unit, main controller unit (ATmega328P microcontroller), and voltage monitoring units that comprise main voltage sensor and phase voltage sensors. During the testing of this switching system, it was observed that the capacitor bank was automatically switched on for voltage compensation when the network phase voltage drops below the standard acceptable lower voltage limit, thus ensuring that the distributed phase voltage is always within the acceptable standard voltage limit. This system of improving the performance of power distribution network is highly recommended to electric power distribution providers since it is a cheaper and less complicated way of improving the power distribution network operation.
... An electric power system consists of generation, transmission and distribution system (Chinwuko, Mgbemena, Aguh & Williams, 2011). Over the years, distribution systems have received less priority compared to the two other arms (Oluseyi, Adelaja & Akinbulire, 2017). ...
... An electric power system consists of generation, transmission and distribution system (Chinwuko, Mgbemena, Aguh & Williams, 2011). Over the years, distribution systems have received less priority compared to the two other arms (Oluseyi, Adelaja & Akinbulire, 2017). ...
The frequent outages in a distribution system due to system faults have major challenges to both utility and customers in Nigeria. These interruptions are the major causes of system unavailability; hence, it is therefore a necessity to determine which component failure contributes more to distribution system unavailability. This study classified component failures into four cases; Case-1(transformer and switchgear); case-2 (supply line, outgoing feeder and busbars); case-3 (circuit breaking fuses and switches) and case-4 (over current relay, earth fault relay and surge arrester). The study presented failure mitigation techniques in improving distribution system reliability. Data for the study was obtained for a period of twelve months in the year, 2016. The data collected were analyzed mathematically to determine the reliability indices of the distribution substation. The result was interpreted graphically using MATLAB software. Based on the analysis, it was found that Case-1 contributed greatly to system interruption, and case-4 was the least cause of interruption. It is therefore, recommended, that routine checks on the transformers as well as the switchgear should be given priority. Also, more distribution substations should be embarked on as this will significantly reduce the cases of overload on the existing transformers in the study area.
... Nigeria is a developing country with rapid population growth and requires adequate, affordable and sustainable energy resources to provoke the socioeconomic activities in both urban and rural areas. For over two decades, the inadequate and epileptic power supply is a thorn in the face of the economic growth of Nigeria [42][43][44]. Although the generation has been enhanced, the national grid capacity is hovering between 4500 MW and 6000 MW for a population of 186 million. ...
The World Bank reported that approximately 55% of Nigeria's population have no access to the national electricity grid and most of these people live in the rural areas. The national grid capacity is hovering between 4500MW and 6000MW for a population of about 186 million. However, this is contrary to the enormous energy that abounds in Nigeria, both conventional and renewable energy sources. Nigeria is ranked 13th largest crude oil producer in the world and 1st in Africa, with current crude oil reserves of 37 billion barrels and gas reserves of 192 trillion cubic feet. The supply of adequate and affordable power by Nigeria to her citizens is further compounded by the global energy trends coined as energy trilemma. This involves the global pursuit of energy equity, energy security and environmental sustainability. Emission of CO2 in Nigeria has risen from 0.0 Kt in 1960 to 82 634.2 Kt in 2016 mainly due to the use of fossil fuels. This study sees small hydropower (SHP) systems as an alternative source of energy that satisfies the modern energy attributes of low CO2 emissions with environmentally friendly flow, and a renewable energy source. Only about 64.2MW out of the 3,500MW estimated SHP exploitable potential distributed across Nigeria has been tapped. Adequate development and utilization of SHPS will substantially add to the supply capacity of clean and affordable power in Nigeria. This study recognizes SHP systems as the cornerstone to rural electrification and socioeconomic activity stimulation in Nigeria.
... Interestingly, MFC utilizes microbes and can operate aerobically or anaerobically, with a single microbe or a microbial consortium that catalyzes the anodic oxidation of substrates with concomitant electricity generation when connected to a resistor via a circuit to the cathode. In addition to the bioelectricity generated, the biodegradability of the substrate is also achieved at the anode [37]. As far Nigeria is concerned there is a serious dearth of studies on MFC [38][39][40]. ...
... [9,10]. The technical state of the nation's electricity distribution infrastructure has also been studied [9,11]. However, the elite dimension to the crises of electricity-supply in the country has not been given adequate scholarly attention, more so the linkages among the elite factor, economic (in)security and national development in the country. ...
... Nigeria lags far behind other developing nations in terms of grid-based electricity consumption, with 126 kWh per capita. Based on Nigeria's GDP and global trends, electricity consumption should be at least five times higher than it is today [11]. ...
The electricity sector is an immensely critical component of the equations in a 21st century
economy. Economic security on the other hand is the essence of national development. The crucial
question in this study therefore borders on the extent to which the electricity sector in Nigeria
positively relates to economic security and how these variables ultimately link with national
developmental dreams in this nation-state. We have made use of secondary sources of data and the
elite theoretical framework in the conduct of the study. The methodology of the study is the critical
mode of research. Our findings indicate that there are immense weak-linkages between Nigeria’s
electricity sector reality, economic security and national developmental aspirations in the country.
And this is principally (un)driven by elite insensitivity. The paper emphasizes that a critical
leadership challenge in Nigeria hinges on the appreciation of the import of these linkages by current
and subsequent generations of national development planners in the Nigerian state.
... er industry and among users. Quality power distribution at the present is a major challenge in many locations in most developing countries [1]. This is as a result of many factors which range from difficulties of how distribution wires would be laid due to unplanned settlements, building congestion, etc, to multi-apartment buildings. ...
Power theft in partitioned commercial apartments, especially in the form of unpaid bills due to disputes, is a major challenge to revenue recovery in the power sector. This paper presents a multi-channel power distribution metering solution that serves to resolve disputes among users in partitioned apartments, and between the power distribution company and the end users of electricity. Partitioned apartments in commercial buildings particularly in congested environments shares energy supply meters among several users. This often leads to disputes and results to power theft in the form of unpaid bills and meter tampering. This paper described how power from a single supply meter can be adequately shared among a number of users with dispute arbitration. Each user’s channel is fed, monitored and controlled from a central unit which calculate and display energy usage, per unit cost and amount in cash consumed per channel. Compliant/non-compliant channel are connected/disconnected through a remote wireless access. It is envisaged that the use of this method for electricity distribution in commercial apartments, will greatly reduce power theft and increase revenue generation for the power industry. It will also eliminate disputes and possible litigations for the power industry and among users.http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v34i4.25
