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The study was conducted to assess the farming practices and livelihood status considering natural calamities in haor areas of Kishoreganj district. A total of 120 farmers were selected from Mithamoin upazila on the basis of farm size category following stratified random sampling technique. Data were analyzed with a combination of descriptive statis...
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This paper will give some suggestion for suitable the cropping pattern in Jammu and Kashmir. Area under production of food crops in Jammu and Kashmir has increased from 742 thousand ha in early 60's to 906.8 thousand ha in 2012-13, with increase in production from 15.02 lakh quintals in early 60's to 18.18 lakh quintals in the year 2012-13. To meet...
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... The average family size was 5.14. Uddin et al. (2018) found that the average family size of the respondents was 6.0 in Kishoreganj district, which was higher than the national average of 4.1 (HIES, 2016). (Aditya et al., 2020). ...
Crop insurance is an essential tool for managing risk in agriculture. The primary goal of this study was to investigate how farmers felt about crop insurance and their willingness to pay for it. . The study was conducted to profile the socioeconomic characteristics, measure the profitability of crops, assess farmer’s willingness to pay crop insurance, and determine the factors that influence willingness to pay (WTP). A total of 107 farmers were chosen at random from Kishoreganj district in Bangladesh. The data were collected through a field survey using a semi-structured interview schedule. Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient method was used. The study found that the majority of farmers have only had primary education or less. About one-third of the respondents could make savings of ten to twenty thousand taka each year. The most profitable crops were vegetables, jute, and wheat. Rice’s profitability, however, was hardly positive. Factors such as age, education, occupation, net income, and cultivable area have a positive correlation with the WTP for crop insurance for all crops except rice. However, the uptake of crop insurance is still relatively low in Bangladesh, and more efforts are needed to increase awareness and promote the benefits of crop insurance among farmers.
... In a study regarding traditional prediction of drought in southern region of Mozambique found that farmers felt current unpredictability, variability, and changes in weather and climate have negatively affected the interpretation, accuracy, and reliability of most of their prediction indicators. A study on natural calamities perspective on socio economic status of farmers in Bangladesh reported that 37.10% of farmers expressed higher market price for inputs during natural calamities, 34.00% of farmers expressed that damaged farm infrastructure (Uddin et al., 2018). A similar study on impact of natural disasters on small hold farmers in various cases reported that remoteness, lack of disaster preparedness, inadequate rescue and relief infrastructure, lack of accurate and adequate early warning and information systems, and policy and implementation shortfalls are the constraints faced by farmers (Chapagain and Raizada 2017). ...
Climate change has been realized globally as an ever increasing threat to our planet that is becoming impossible to ignore. Andhra Pradesh is the coastal state in south eastern India which is recorded as one of the states mostly affected by tropical cyclones. In the present paper, constraints faced by paddy farmers were identified during the phase of Disaster response and recovery. The study was conducted in the Krishna and NTR districts of Andhra Pradesh with sample of size of 240 paddy growers who were affected by natural disasters. A structured interview schedule was used to identify the constraints faced by farmers. Constraints were categorized in to operational, technology, economic and social constraints. Lack of information regarding weather forecasting mechanisms, lack of need based technology, poor marketing of the cyclone affected produce and Non availability of relief materials in required quantity were some of the major constraints faced by farmers. Along with the identified constraints suggestions are given to make suitable policy decisions under adverse climatic situations.
... As for Amsalu et al. (2014) finding, rural households diversify their activities into off-farm and non-farm activities to offset the diverse forms of risks and uncertainties that are associated with agriculture such as variability in soil quality, pests and diseases, price shock, unpredictable rainfall, floods, erosion menace, and weather-related events. Rural households combine a diverse set of economic and social activities, which construct a portfolio of livelihood income-generating activities like agriculture, migration, mining, and tourism to meet and enhance sustainable rural livelihood outcomes (Davis et al., 2010;Jiao et al., 2017;Khatiwada et al., 2017;Pagnani et al., 2020;Uddin et al., 2018). Rural households also tend to diversify and pursue a portfolio of activities rather than a single activity for their livelihood (Barrett et al., 2001;Dercon & Krishnan, 1996;Ellis, 1998;Janvry & Sadoulet, 2001;Rahut & Scharf, 2012a); hence, it is important to look into a livelihood portfolio rather than a single activity. ...
Diversifying rural livelihoods plays a significant role for rain feed-dependent economy of the rural households like in Ethiopia. Hence the objective of the study was to investigate the determinants of rural households’ livelihood diversification strategies choice in north wollo zone of Ethiopia. A multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used to select 384 rural household heads as a sample in study areas. Primary data was collected from sample rural household heads using an interview schedule. Multivariate Probit Model was employed to identify the factors influencing the rural household heads’ decision to choose livelihood strategies. The model result showed that agriculture livelihood strategy was positively and significantly associated with male headed household, land holding, cooperative membership, and participation in rural productive safety net program; while it is negatively and significantly affected by distance to market. Non-farm livelihood strategy was positively and significantly affected by dependency ratio, education level, total income, and remittance; while it is negatively and significantly affected by the sex of household head and participation in rural productive safety net program. Off-farm livelihood strategy was positively and significantly influenced by sex of household head; while it is negatively and significantly affected by the land holding, total livestock unit, cooperative membership, credit use, participation in rural productive safety net program. Therefore, the study recommends that local government should attempt to promote the above significant determinants of rural households’ livelihood diversification strategies choice to build more profitable and sustainable livelihood strategies.
... In a study regarding traditional prediction of drought in southern region of Mozambique found that farmers felt current unpredictability, variability, and changes in weather and climate have negatively affected the interpretation, accuracy, and reliability of most of their prediction indicators. A study on natural calamities perspective on socio economic status of farmers in Bangladesh reported that 37.10% of farmers expressed higher market price for inputs during natural calamities, 34.00% of farmers expressed that damaged farm infrastructure (Uddin et al., 2018). A similar study on impact of natural disasters on small hold farmers in various cases reported that remoteness, lack of disaster preparedness, inadequate rescue and relief infrastructure, lack of accurate and adequate early warning and information systems, and policy and implementation shortfalls are the constraints faced by farmers (Chapagain and Raizada 2017). ...
Climate change has been realized globally as an ever increasing threat to our planet that is becoming impossible to ignore. Andhra Pradesh is the coastal state in south eastern India which is recorded as one of the states mostly affected by tropical cyclones. In the present paper, constraints faced by paddy farmers were identified during the phase of Disaster response and recovery. The study was conducted in the Krishna and NTR districts of Andhra Pradesh with sample of size of 240 paddy growers who were affected by natural disasters. A structured interview schedule was used to identify the constraints faced by farmers. Constraints were categorized in to operational, technology, economic and social constraints. Lack of information regarding weather forecasting mechanisms, lack of need based technology, poor marketing of the cyclone affected produce and Non availability of relief materials in required quantity were some of the major constraints faced by farmers. Along with the identified constraints suggestions are given to make suitable policy decisions under adverse climatic situations.
... Livelihood strategy comprises the households' capabilities, income activities, and assets holding (natural, physical, human, financial, and social) that contribute to a means of living (Chambers and Conway 1992;Islam et al. 2013;Rahman and Hickey 2020). Consequently, rural households combine a diverse set of economic and social activities, which construct a portfolio of livelihood income-generating activities to meet and enhance sustainable rural livelihood outcomes (Davis et al. 2010;Jiao et al. 2017;Khatiwada et al. 2017;Uddin et al. 2018;Pagnani et al. 2020). According to Ellis (1998) livelihood diversification is a process where household member constructs a diverse set of activities to help them fight for their survival and improve their living standards. ...
The haor region of Bangladesh is exposed to a variety of natural hazards such as flash floods, seasonal floods, droughts, riverbank erosion, embankment breach due to climate change, which impacts the haor people's lives and livelihoods. Haor households are attempting to diversify their livelihood activities to protect themselves from such extreme climate events. The study’s aim to evaluate the various livelihood strategies adopted by haor households, and multinomial logistic regression is employed to identify the factors influencing their decision to pursue more eco-friendly and sustainable livelihood strategies. A multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used to collect primary data from 300 haor households in Kishoreganj, Netrokona, and Sunamganj districts, with 100 from each district. We provide inimitable insight into the analysis to understand how livelihood resources, livelihood strategies, and livelihood outcomes are closely tied in the framework for sustainable rural livelihoods. The study classified a household’s economic activities into five distinct categories, together with crop farming. Among the livelihood options, crop plus livestock rearing is the most productive livelihood strategy for haor households. The findings revealed that the household’s head age and education, dependency ratio, land holdings, household assets value, access to credit, annual income, membership of any organization, home to road, market, and haor distances, communication during the dry season, duration of waterlogged, and agro-ecology of the haor ecosystem all have a significant impact on the choice of higher returning livelihood diversification strategies. Policies should attempt to promote the significant determinants of livelihood strategies choice, as well as should ensure livelihood assets, a strong infrastructure, and minimize natural hazards, in order to transform the local context and enable poor households to build more profitable livelihood strategies.
... Yeasmin et al. (2018) revealed that in order to maintain their livelihoods, the majority of the respondents had insufficient human resources and had low to medium physical facilities and women in the haor area face a severe lack of financial capital, as well as a lack of natural capital and a weak social network. Uddin et al. (2018) recommended that input subsidy and output price support programs should be properly implemented and sufficient work opportunities should be created by government and nongovernment organizations to support the haor dwellers in the crisis period and for moving away from a single cropping pattern to a double or triple cropping pattern. Being geographically remote, ecologically vulnerable and environmentally isolated, poverty is severe and livelihood is onerous in the northeastern haor area in Bangladesh. ...
Assets possession and calorie intake level of a household member reflect the livelihood patterns and food security condition of the household. The study was conducted to analyze the socioeconomic characteristics, identify the assets possession, determine the calorie intake level and analyze the perception of the households' livelihood improvement. An interview schedule was used in field survey for primary data collection. The DFID approaches of livelihood and the consumption data of haor households of seven days were used in the study. The findings revealed that about 24.61% of the respondents were illiterate, 32.31% respondents were can sign only and 30.77% respondents had primary education, average family size was 9.66, about 51% respondents' annual income was below Tk.60,000 (US$ 690) and, most of the respondent's (84.62%) occupation was agriculture and fishing. The human, social, natural, physical and financial capital of the haor respondents was in a vulnerable position. The findings also revealed that about 44.61% of the respondents belonged to the ultra-poor whose per day per person calorie intake was 1350.56k.cal. All of the respondents demanded the improved road and communication facilities which are essential for their livelihood and food security improvement. The haor is being tarnished fast due to mishandling and damaging activities. The government should take necessary steps to improve the road and communication facilities in the haor area which will foster the socioeconomic development of haor people in Bangladesh.
... On the other aspect of natural calamity impact, crop which is equally essential for communities to thrive is largely affected when a calamity occurs 20,25 . The same sentiment is shared by Vishnu et al 26 wherein they explored the effects of flood on supply chain distributions in major industrial sectors. ...
... The overall mean for this table is 2.75 which has a Likert scale interpretation of "prepared". Accordingly, a socioeconomic study revealed a substantial increase in profitability and production associating with severity ranking model of natural calamities 25 . Further, it was insisted that recognizing local knowledge and people's resilience help to understand all over the climate change scenarios 17 . ...
The purpose of the study is to analyze the knowledge of natural calamity, its impact and level of preparations of respondents in Central Luzon, Philippines. This study employed a descriptive-correlation design. 125 respondents participated in the survey with the use of convenience sampling technique. We drafted a questionnaire and subjected it to validity and reliability test which yielded an overall Cronbach alpha score of .969. After the survey, We analyzed the data using SPSS 20 and the following statistical tools: frequency, percentage, means, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson-r and Regression Analysis. The study found that the respondents are knowledgeable on natural calamities and its impacts. They are also prepared when a calamity occurs. There are significant differences on the knowledge of natural calamity and impact of natural calamity in terms of community and family members. There is also a significant relationship observed between community, knowledge of natural calamity and impact of natural calamity. The same is observed between knowledge of natural calamity, impact of natural calamity and level of preparations of respondents. The community is a significant determinant of knowledge on natural calamity and impact of natural calamity and age is a significant determinant of knowledge on natural calamity.
... Boro rice productivity was measured using average productivity index (API) which is recommended by Dharmasiri (2009) and Uddin et al. (2018a) for determining the suitability and productivity of an agricultural crop and for identifying the spatial distribution. The following formula (4) was used for calculation: ...
... Rights reserved. The productivity grade (i.e., very high = 87.5% and above, high = 62.5% to 87.5%, medium = 37.5% to 62.5%, low = 12.5% to 37.5%, and very low = below 12.5%) was adopted from Uddin et al. (2018a) to compare the extent of Boro rice productivity between focal and control farmers. ...
The study was conducted to evaluate the economic and environmental impacts of water-saving technologies (WST) on Boro rice (Oryza sativa; var. BRRIdhan 29) farming in Bangladesh. A total of 480 farmers (80 focal and 400 control) were selected as sample from Mymensingh, Comilla, Bogra and Gaibandha districts. Focal farmers were selected purposively and a limited amount of financial support was provided to them to implement WST. On the other hand, control farmers were selected randomly. They did not receive any financial support and continued practicing conventional irrigation methods. For analyzing the data, a combination of descriptive, mathematical and statistical techniques was used. The study revealed that 62.5 and 37.5% of focal farmers adopted alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and system of rice intensification (SRI) methods, respectively, where the majority of them were within the late majority group in terms of adoption. The profitability and productivity of Boro rice, as well as water productivity, were comparatively higher for focal farmers compared to control farmers. Furthermore, focal farmers' irrigation amount for producing Boro rice was significantly lower than control farmers. The study also revealed that focal farmers' income from rice production was 24.6% higher than control farmers. Input support, motivation, training programs and extension services are recommended to implement to raise the awareness and enrich the knowledge of the farmers on water-saving technologies.
Amartya Sen defines entitlement as command over resources that permits a household to have access to essential goods and services to sustain life within the legal and established social norms and practices. Entitlement failure occurs when a household's command over all available combinations of resources does not ensure sufficient provisions of food to avoid starvation. This paper provides an overview of the literature on causal relations between civil war and households' entitlements. The paper suggests a conceptual framework for empirically analysing the impact of armed political conflict on household entitlements. It develops a composite index as a tool to analyse the impact of civil war on household entitlements and to guide policy in the context of conflict‐related international humanitarian interventions. The key contribution of this paper is to suggest an empirical framework for the quantitative measurement of the impact of civil war on household entitlements and to improve targeting criteria in post‐conflict rehabilitation efforts.
