Figure - uploaded by Peter M Allen
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Pattern-related visual stress (PRVS) is a form of sensory hypersensitivity that some people experience when viewing high contrast repeating patterns, notably alternating dark and light stripes. Those susceptible to PRVS typically have a strong aversion to such stimuli, and this is often accompanied by experiences of visual discomfort and disturbanc...
Context in source publication
Similar publications
The present study was conducted with the objective of finding out the perceptions of teachers towards child with dyslexia.This study was conducted at schools in Delhi region. Many misperceptions were also identified based on how long teachers had taught, whether teachers had specialist certificate or training to teach child with dyslexia, the schoo...
We have previously documented two patients (FOL and CLA) with posterior cortical atrophy who achieved accurate and rapid reading despite deficits in ten measures of visual processing, with two notable exceptions: 1) a measure of visual acuity, 2) a measure of visual crowding. Subsequent longitudinal investigation of these patients was carried out,...
Purpose:
to investigate the psychometric properties of a performance test for assessment of word recognition and a self-report checklist for reading difficulties/ dyslexia indicators in adults.
Methods:
a total of 54 subjects aged 18-57 years (M = 24.16, SD = 7.34) who had complete high school or were enrolled in college were investigated. The fol...
Optical character recognition (OCR) is a fundamental problem in computer vision. Research studies have shown significant progress in classifying printed characters using deep learning-based methods and topologies. Among current algorithms, recurrent neural networks with long-short term memory blocks called RNN-LSTM have provided the highest perform...
Efficient and automatic integration of letters and speech sounds is assumed to enable fluent word recognition and may in turn also underlie the build-up of high-quality orthographic representations, which are relevant for accurate spelling. While previous research showed that developmental dyslexia is associated with deficient letter-speech sound i...
Citations
... This task is often used to study various aspects of language processing including reading and lexical access. Stress is not typically a factor in a lexical decision task [97],because the task does not involve any emotional or physical demands on the participant. However, it is possible that the level of stress or anxiety of the participants could affect their performance on the task performance, as these factors can have an impact on cognitive function and attention. ...
This systematic review provides a comprehensive analysis of studies that use electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate how acute stress affects decision-making processes. The primary goal of this systematic review was to examine the influence of acute stress on decision making in challenging or stressful situations. Furthermore, we aimed to identify the specific brain regions affected by acute stress and explore the feature extraction and classification methods employed to enhance the detection of decision making under pressure. Five academic databases were carefully searched and 27 papers that satisfied the inclusion criteria were found. Overall, the results indicate the potential utility of EEG and fNIRS as techniques for identifying acute stress during decision-making and for gaining knowledge about the brain mechanisms underlying stress reactions. However, the varied methods employed in these studies and the small sample sizes highlight the need for additional studies to develop more standardized approaches for acute stress effects in decision-making tasks. The implications of the findings for the development of stress induction and technology in the decision-making process are also explained.
... Therefore, response times to affirm that a robin is a bird are faster because activation is stronger for closely related concepts, not necessarily because affirming that a turkey is a bird is a more effortful process. Similarly, lexical decisions are typically faster to words than non-words because for words, the search terminates as soon as the listener matches the input to an entry in the mental lexicon, but for non-words, the listener must complete an exhaustive search (Caramazza & Brones, 1979;Forster & Bednall, 1976;Gilchrist & Allen, 2015;Rubenstein, Garfield, & Millikan, 1970). This search may proceed automatically, in which case response time to the speech task itself is a poor indicator of attentional cost. ...
The McGurk effect is a multisensory phenomenon in which discrepant auditory and visual speech signals typically result in an illusory percept. McGurk stimuli are often used in studies assessing the attentional requirements of audiovisual integration, but no study has directly compared the costs associated with integrating congruent versus incongruent audiovisual speech. Some evidence suggests that the McGurk effect may not be representative of naturalistic audiovisual speech processing – susceptibility to the McGurk effect is not associated with the ability to derive benefit from the addition of the visual signal, and distinct cortical regions are recruited when processing congruent versus incongruent speech. In two experiments, one using response times to identify congruent and incongruent syllables and one using a dual-task paradigm, we assessed whether congruent and incongruent audiovisual speech incur different attentional costs. We demonstrated that response times to both the speech task (Experiment 1) and a secondary vibrotactile task (Experiment 2) were indistinguishable for congruent compared to incongruent syllables, but McGurk fusions were responded to more quickly than McGurk non-fusions. These results suggest that despite documented differences in how congruent and incongruent stimuli are processed, they do not appear to differ in terms of processing time or effort, at least in the open-set task speech task used here. However, responses that result in McGurk fusions are processed more quickly than those that result in non-fusions, though attentional cost is comparable for the two response types.
... Studies suggest the effects of PRVS may be significant in daily life in healthy non-clinical individuals [6]. Those affected show less accuracy in identifying words versus non-words and are slower in visual searches, potentially affecting reading performance [7]. Because the population's use of computers during daily activity is increasing, the consequences of high contrast images, motion, and repetitive tasks among people with PRVS need additional studies. ...
Aims
Pattern-related visual stress (PRVS) refers to the perceptual difficulties experienced by some individuals when exposed to high contrast striped patterns. People with PRVS were reported to have reduced sensitivity to global motion at baseline testing and the difference disappears at a second estimate. The present study was to investigate the effect of practice on global motion threshold in adults with and without PRVS.
Methods
A total of 101 subjects were recruited and the Wilkins & Evans Pattern Glare Test was used to determine if a subject had PRVS. The threshold to detect global motion was measured with a random dot kinematogram. Each subject was measured 5 times at the first visit and again a month later. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to show the agreement between the two tests.
Results
Twenty-nine subjects were classified as having PRVS and 72 were classified as normal. At baseline, the threshold to detect global motion was significantly higher in subjects with PRVS (0.832 ± 0.098 vs. 0.618 ± 0.228, p < 0.001). After 5 sessions, the difference between the normal and subjects with PRVS increased (0.767 ± 0.170 vs. 0.291 ± 0.149, p < 0.001). In ROC analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) improved from 0.792 at baseline to 0.964 at the fifth session. After a one-month break, the difference between normal and subjects with PRVS was still significant (0.843 ± 0.169 vs. 0.407 ± 0.216, p < 0.001) and the AUC was 0.875.
Conclusion
The ability to detect global motion is impaired in persons with PRVS and the difference increased after additional sessions of practice.
