Table 1 - uploaded by Nazila Ariaee
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List of standardized allergenic pollen which are accessible and their major allergens.
Source publication
Atopic diseases have an increasing trend worldwide during the last two decades. Determining the main cause of allergic diseases, allergens, is the first step in managing and improving the issue, usually is done by Skin Prick tests (SPTs). Having allergenic extract in high quality is desired to perform a reliable SPT. Several parameters of extracts...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... Allergen extracts were manufactured during all the previous years can be divided into two groups according to the presence of major allergens: standardized allergen and non-standardized allergens. Most of the routine SPT and consequently their aeroallergen extracts are not standardized like pollen of trees, and some of them that are standardized can be easily seen in Table 1. ...
Citations
... A total of 43 patients with a history of seasonal allergic rhinitis for at least 2 years and at least 1 skin prick test for common aeroallergen [12,13] were eligible for the study. They were chosen according to the purposive sampling. ...
Introduction:
Atopic diseases are global concerns in the today's industrialized world. Allergic rhinitis is the most common allergic condition affecting 20% of individuals. This disorder is associated with remarkable morbidity and rising healthcare expenditure.
Aim:
Considering the anti-inflammatory properties of a plant Zataria multiflora (ZM) with the common name of Shirazi thyme, a randomized clinical trial was designed to evaluate the alleviation of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis.
Material and methods:
A total of 30 allergic rhinitis patients were randomly and equally assigned to experimental and control groups. Afterwards, the case group was treated with an extract of ZM and the control group with placebo for 2 months. Finally, the clinical signs and symptoms before and after the treatment according to the SNOT22 questionnaire were analysed.
Results:
Comparing the symptoms of allergic rhinitis and an average score of SNOT22 questionnaire between the two groups before the intervention provided some difference, which was significantly greater after the treatment. Based on this questionnaire, our patients in the ZM syrup group had lower grades than before the treatment and experienced amelioration.
Conclusions:
Regarding the significant effect of the ZM syrup in reducing symptoms of allergic rhinitis, its use is highly recommended. Since allergic rhinitis is a multifactorial condition, the use of herbal antioxidants along with conventional treatment would result in a more effective improvement of the disease.
... In the past decade, numerous studies have been working to develop allergenic mold extracts for skin prick testing, immunotherapies, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and radioallergosorbent testing (RAST) (9). Currently, there is a major concern on how to stabilize mold allergens within allergenic mold extracts (10). Since allergenic mold extracts have high protease content, stabilizing their allergenic activity has proven to be more challenging compared to other allergenic extracts. ...
... Most articles recommend using 50% glycerol, which has been suggested to be a good stabilizer as it is a common a preservative found in various skin prick tests (10). According to our results, 50% glycerol on its own was unable to stabilize allergenic activity during our specified incubation period and temperature. ...
... There is conflicting consensus within the literature on what exactly determines the best possible outcome for allergenic formulations, in terms of stability, for instance, some studies suggest using other amino acids (27), while others recommend other sugars such as mannitol and trehalose to stabilize extracts (28). In addition, ions used in buffers may also play a pivotal role in stabilizing solutions, and preventing protein degradation (10). ...
Background:
Sensitization to common mold allergens is one of the major causes of allergic rhinitis and asthma. Therefore, there is a critical need for standard sensitivity tests including skin prick tests to improve the stability of fungi extracts in traditional allergenic formulations. To address this concern, the present study aimed to develop a formulation to preserve allergenic activity of mold extracts.
Methods:
48 stabilizer formulations were designed and monitored for allergenic activity during a 40-days incubation period at 37 °C using an ELISA. Specifically, the IgE reactivity of allergenic A. alternata extracts were examined. After establishing the most effective stabilizer formulation, we evaluated whether it could protect the allergenic activity of Alt a1, A. fumigatus, and C. herbarum using an IgE inhibition ELISA after 40 days at 37 °C.
Results:
We demonstrated that the most effective stabilizer formulation was a glycerol-based extract containing Arg and Glu. This formulation had an equal ratio of sucrose, sorbitol and protein and was able to preserve more than 95% of allergenic A. alternata extract activity during a 40-days incubation period at 37 °C.
Conclusion:
The present study reveals a novel formulation that is an efficient stabilizer of allergenic mold extract activity and has practical applications in mold skin prick tests, ELISAs, immunotherapies, and RAST.
... Skin prick test (SPT), Radioallergosorbent Test (RAST), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Pollen allergen extracts are commonly used in many different diagnostic tests for allergic disease including, the skin ELISA). Furthermore, pollen allergen extracts are used in the treatment of allergic diseases in allergen immunotherapy process (5). Pollens are considered an active pharmaceutical ingredient. ...
Background:
The diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases require high quality pollen allergen extracts for reliable test results and effective treatments. The quality of the pollen allergen extracts is influenced by pharmacologically inert ingredients, such as stabilizers which are added to prevent the degradation of the allergenic activity. This study was conducted to develop a stabilizer formulation in order to protect the allergenic activity of the pollen's extracts.
Methods:
Pine and orchard grass pollen allergen extracts were incubated for 40 days at 37 °C. The effects of chemicals were examined via inhibition ELISA on days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 40 to evaluate the ability of the pollen allergen extracts to inhibit specific IgE in the sera of sensitized patients.
Results:
Our findings showed that the pine pollen and orchard grass allergen extracts treated with Lys/Glu had the best stabilizing effect resulting in a 97% IgE inhibition following the 40 days of incubation. In the non-treatment group, the IgE inhibition decreased to 23% at the end of the 40 days. The orchard grass pollen allergen extracts receiving no treatment decreased to 12% IgE inhibition following the 40-day incubation.
Conclusion:
Amino acids are able to act as an effective stabilizer for pollen allergen extracts and prevent the degradation of their activity over time. Particularly applying Lys/ Glu in pollen allergenic extracts can protect allergenic activity and potency of the pollen extracts to inhibit specific IgE in human sera.
