Figure - uploaded by Ataur Rahman
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
The integration of thin film solar paint in the field of photovoltaics has received much attention because of its potential to replace the conventional solar cells. The solar paint has shown enormous potential due to its tunable size characteristics, flexibility and cost-effective way of manufacturing. However, there is still a need for the improve...
Context in source publication
Similar publications
Numerous laboratory tests are used to determine the appropriateness of new formulations in the development process in the paint and coatings industry. New formulations are most often functionally inadequate, unacceptable for environmental or health reasons, or too expensive. Formulators are obliged to repeat laboratory tests until one of the formul...
Citations
... There has been a rapid increase in the use of a type of renewable energy [1]. Solar cell technologies have developed in many stages of development, for example, the first generation of solar technologies uses inorganic molecules mainly silicon as a medium for the processing of solar energy, the second generation of solar cells used compound semiconductors such as GaAs, CdTe, a-Si, etc., along with the advent of thin film based solar cells utilizing inorganic molecules and the third generation of solar cells employs organic molecules primarily semiconductor polymers as a light absorber for the manufacture of solar cells treated with solution. ...
Flexible, economical, and low-toxic organic solar cells are becoming highly popular in photovoltaic research. Interestingly, its efficiency of energy conversion remains lower than that of silicon-based solar cells. As a result, it is unavoidable to focus on organic solar cell efficiency enhancement. This article presents a nano-composite thin-film developed using zinc oxide (ZnO) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a solution casting technique varying weight percentage (wt.%) of ZnO into the PVA matrix. The characterization of the thin-film of ZnO/PVA has been made using SEM, XRD, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The characterization reveals that the ZnO nanoparticle network forms an excellent path for electron flow in the PVA matrix at the optimal ZnO concentration of 16.66 % and a PVA concentration of 83.33 %. The thin film was applied to an organic solar cell of architecture consists of carbon fiber reinforced with ZnO-epoxy resin/CuO-epoxy resin for performance investigation. The solar cell’s maximum efficiency was determined to be 9.01 % before and 14.65 % after using the nano-composite film. 5.64 % increase in the efficiency of organic solar cells are observed after the ZnO/PVA nanocomposite thin film is applied.
... Furthermore, nanotechnology has arisen as a multidisciplinary field with rising importance in other technical fields. When doped with silicon for inorganic cells and polymer for organic cells, nano particles operate as semi-conductive constituents of PV cells (S. A. Khan & Rahman, 2019). Several different conductive materials have been investigated based on their economic, flexural reliability and enhanced performance as transparent conducting conductor. ...
This review presents the progress, challenges and prospects of ultrathin flexible photovoltaic devices based on 2-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. These devices have shown very high performance in bending stabilities for up to ~90% of their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) after multiple bending deformations. They are thin film PVs with lightweight and mechanically robust structures that allow use in the continual advancing solar cell applications. In this paper, comprehensive assessments of 2D nanomaterials, their syntheses methods, performance, degradation, mechanical and opto-electronic characterization in flexible photovoltaic (PV) cells are highlighted. Semi-conductor materials such as conjugated donor and acceptor polymers, small donor/acceptor molecules and organometal halide perovskites for use as active layers in such flexible solar cell structures are reviewed. The challenges and prospects associated with the adoption of 2D nanomaterials in flexible solar cells are presented. The review highlights the need to transition laboratory results on 2D nanomaterials based flexible solar cells into scale up and commercialized products despite the existing and also opens research areas for researchers to explore and achieve robust and high-efficient solar devices.
... Each smart tile integrates solar and mechanical energy harvesters to recover energy from light radiation and human trampling. For this purpose, the smart tiles are covered by thin-film photovoltaic panels, featured by high conversion efficiency, high flexibility and very low costs [22], [24], [25] (Fig. 2a). Given their very low profile, this panel technology is ideal for the considered application, properly protected from mechanical solicitations under the transparent resin layer. ...
... In recent times, great attention has been paid to nanocomposites that that contain organic and inorganic phases. The properties of nanoparticles depend not only on the properties of the various components, but also on whether the attractions or compatibility between the two phases are significant and essential [1,2]. An important application of nanocomposite is in electronics, where thin-film nanocomposites are useful in improving and enhancing the electrical characteristics. ...
Polymer inorganic nanocomposites are attracting a considerable amount of interest due to their enhanced electrical and optical properties. The inclusion of inorganic nanoparticles into the polymer matrix results in a significant change in the nanocomposite's properties. With this in mind, we have developed a nanocomposite film based on zinc oxide (ZnO) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using a solution casting method with varying concentrations of ZnO nano powder in the PVA matrix. The ZnO / PVA film surface morphology was observed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The micrographs indicate that ZnO nanoparticles in the PVA matrix are homogeneously distributed. XRD results indicated that the crystallinity of the film was influenced by the interaction of ZnO nanoparticles and the PVA main chain. Crystallinity is also affected by the doping of ZnO nanoparticles in the PVA matrix and it increases when the concentration of ZnO is low and then decreases when the excess concentration of ZnO is present in the PVA matrix. The FTIR transmission spectra confirmed that significant interaction took place between the ZnO nanoparticles and the PVA main chain over the wave number range of 400-4000 cm −1. The UV-vis spectra reveal that the increase in concentration of ZnO nanoparticles in the polymer matrix results in the movement of the absorption edge in the direction of higher wavelength or lower energy associated with the blue/green portion of the visible spectrum. A decrease in the optical energy bandgap is observed with the increase in nano ZnO concentration in the matrix. Thickness has a signifcant affect on the properties of the ZnO/PVA nanocomposite and the morphology, particle size, degree of crystallinity and bandgap of the ZnO/PVA nanocomposite samples were influenced by the thickness of the sample. The optimal thickess of 0.03 mm with a weight percentage of 16.6% (ZnO) and 83.3% (PVA matrix) was selected due to its higher bandgap of 4.22 eV, reduced agglomeration/aggregation and smaller ZnO particle size of 14.23 nm in the matrix. The optimal film can be used in photovoltaic research.
... Nanotechnology has great potential in the area of efficiently harnessing solar energy using photo voltaic (PV) cells. In addition, nanotechnology has emerged as a multidisciplinary field and its significance is increasing in different areas of engineering [1,2]. The nano particle acts as semi-conductive elements of the PV cells when it is doped with silicon for inorganic cells and polymer for organic cells. ...
Organic solar cells are gaining popularity in the field of photovoltaics due to their solution processability, flexibility, low temperature fabrication, ease of integration, and environmental friendliness. Despite these characteristics, its energy conversion efficiency is still lower than other solar cells. It is therefore inevitable that the focus will be on improving the efficiency of organic solar cells. With this in mind, we have
tried to improve its efficiency by developing and integrating ZnO/PVA nanocomposite film. The nano films were created using a solution casting method with varying concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles in a PVA matrix. Each nanocomposite sample was tested individually with the organic solar cell. Significant changes are observed in the efficiency of organic solar cells before and after applying the ZnO/PVA nanocomposite film. The film with an optimum weight percentage of 14.25% (ZnO) and
85.75% (PVA matrix) shows significant efficiency enhancement when applied to organic solar cells having an architecture of [Carbon Fiber)/(ZnO/Epoxy Resin)/(CuO/Epoxy Resin)/Carbon Fiber]. The optimum efficiency of solar cell before and after applying the nanocomposite film was found to be 10.07% and 13.57% respectively. The increase in efficiency of organic solar cells showed that the ZnO/PVA nanocomposite
film possesses significant potential to be applied on organic solar cells for its efficiency enhancement.The solution casting method has been discovered to be a cost-effective and hassle-free method for developing nanocomposite films. Low temperature processing and good conductivity of ZnO/PVA nanocomposite film makes it a suitable candidate for potential application in organic solar cells
... Solar paint can replace the high-temperature annealing processed fabrication for high-efficiency PSCs [211]. This process can further be improvised by addition of chemical steps to enhance the electronic inter-grain connectivity, which will enhance the conversion efficiency. ...
The rapid efficiency enhancement of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) make it a promising photovoltaic (PV) research, which has now drawn attention from industries and government organizations to invest for further development of PSC technology. PSC technology continuously develops into new and improved results. However, stability, toxicity, cost, material production and fabrication become the significant factors, which limits the expansion of PSCs. PSCs integration into a building in the form of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) is one of the most holistic approaches to exploit it as a next-generation PV technology. Integration of high efficiency and semi-transparent PSC in BIPV is still not a well-established area. The purpose of this review is to get an overview of the relative scope of PSCs integration in the BIPV sector. This review demonstrates the benevolence of PSCs by stimulating energy conversion and its perspective and gradual evolution in terms of photovoltaic applications to address the challenge of increasing energy demand and their environmental impacts for BIPV adaptation. Understanding the critical impact regarding the materials and devices established portfolio for PSC integration BIPV are also discussed. In addition to highlighting the apparent advantages of using PSCs in terms of their demand, perspective and the limitations, challenges, new strategies of modification and relative scopes are also addressed in this review.
The world population increased from 1 billion in 1800 to around 8 billion today. The Population Division of the United Nations predicts a global population of approximately 10.4 billion people by the end of the century. That represents over 2 billion more people. Moreover, the global community is currently experiencing a precarious state due to the enduring repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic across all sectors, including energy. Given the rising global population and the limited availability of primary energy resources, we must reach a balance between the demands of a growing human population and the planet’s carrying capacity. The dreadful conflict in Ukraine has precipitated an enormous energy crisis. This crisis has served as a warning to the world population of how much it depends on this resource to survive. In France, the building sectors, specifically residential and tertiary, account for 45% of the total final energy consumption. It is the first energy consumer of the country and one of the most polluting (i.e., about 34% of CO2
emitted by France). Consequently, we must consider alternative energy resource forms (i.e., substitution energy forms). Harvesting energy from the building envelope may be a viable technique for partially satisfying the electricity demands of building users. In this context, scientific research offers considerable potential for developing more innovative and efficient systems. This article aims to review the state-of-the-art of advances on the subject to orient and further optimize energy production systems, particularly electricity. This work addresses several points of view: it discusses the overall backdrop of the present study and introduces the subject; details the research strategy and procedures used to produce this paper; develops the state-of-the-art on the potential for generating or recovering power from the building envelope; presents the SWOT analysis of the earlier-described systems. Finally, it concludes by offering findings and viewpoints.
Yüzey ince filim kaplama sistemleri elektronik sensörler, yarıiletken cihazlar, gözlük camları, gözlem teleskoplarına kadar birçok alanda kullanılmaktadır. İnce film kalınlığı kalitesi ve uygulama yapılan yüzey çeşidine göre birçok kaplama yöntemi geliştirilmiştir. En fazla kullanılan cihaz maliyeti düşük olan spin kaplama yönteminde yaklaşık olarak(2000-3000 rpm) devirde dönen kaplanacak yüzey üzerine, uçucu organik çözücü ve kaplanacak olan kimyasal bileşik çözeltisi kaplanacak dönen yüzeyin üzerine damlatılır. Yüzeyde oluşan buharlaşma ve merkezkaç kuvvetin etkisi ile yüzeyde ince bir filim tabakası oluşmaktadır. Bu yöntem düşük maliyetlidir ve vakum sistemi ve buharlaştırma sistemleri içermeyen bir kaplama yöntemidir. Dönen düz yüzeyin altında bulunan motorun devir sayısı ayarlandığında uçucu organik bileşenin buharlaşma hızına bağlı olarak farklı kalınlıklarda ince filimlerin yüzeyde oluşturulabilmesine de olanak sağlamaktadır.Bu çalışmada sık kullanılan spin kaplama yöntemine alternatif olabilecek uygun fiyata tasarlanabilecek titreşimli yüzey kaplama sistemi üretilmiştir. Çözücü buharlaşması ile kaplanan örnekler üzerinden oluşan ince filim kalitesi spin kaplama ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu kaplama yöntemin verimliliği de kaplanan yüzey SEM ve UV-Vis yöntemleri ile incelenerek değerlendirilmiştir. Titreşim ile kaplamada kaplanan yüzeyin homojen ve düzgün yapıda olduğu da elde edilen veriler ile incelendiğinde görülmüştür.
The prime source of life on earth is solar energy. Scientist has developed several ways to utilize this energy. Hence, several modern techniques are functioning to convert solar energy into other useful form of energy. Electrical energy is such an example of this transformation. In this context, solar photovoltaic (SPV) cells in a solar panel that turns solar energy (solar irradiance) into electrical energy (direct current electricity). Solar power is considered fully clean and renewable energy source. Thus, it can mitigate key issues, viz. energy demand and global warming. The implementation of solar technology will also greatly offset and reduce problems related to electricity stability and energy loss. This chapter aims to create a clear picture in the reader’s mind about solar photovoltaic considering all aspects related to electricity generation from solar technology. This chapter depicts a worldwide development of solar PV in terms of their perspective, existing strength, future scenario, drawbacks and benefits. This will clearly indicate the amount of solar energy essential to satisfy the world’s power needs in the near future.
The major part of the electricity generated comes from conventional coal-fired thermal power plants. The depletion of conventional energy resources and the adverse effects of the conventional power plants on the environment have triggered the efforts to explore the power generation from renewable energy resources. Most of the locations across the world receive adequate solar energy throughout the year, which makes it a viable source of energy for power generation. Harnessing solar energy for electric power generation is one of the growing technologies which provide a sustainable solution to the severe environmental issues such as climate change, global warming, and pollution. This chapter deals with the solar thermal power generation based on the line and point focussing solar concentrators. The detailed discussion on the various components of the solar field, such as concentrator, receiver is provided. The environmental aspects of solar thermal power plants have also been discussed. A comparative study of various solar collector technologies and their influence on the performance of the power generation is provided. This chapter also covers the recent developments in solar thermal technologies for power generation. In recent times, solar thermal technologies are integrated with conventional fossil-fuelled power plants as well as other renewable energy sources such as biomass, geothermal to improve its performance. The various challenges involved in hybrid solar power generation are also discussed.
