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The present work aims to provide an insight on the chemical constituents of essential oils obtained from six aromatic plants of the Langtang National Park (LNP), Nepal. LNP harbors an enriched biodiversity of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs). The composition of essential oils obtained from Rhododendron anthopogon D. Don, Artemisia dubia Wall. e...
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... Elsholtzia fruticosa (EF) is an aromatic plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, which is the sixth-largest family of flowering plants [23]. This plant grows in elevated regions of the Himalayas, spanning Pakistan, Nepal, and China, at altitudes ranging from 1,800 m to 3,300 m [24,25]. EF and its congeneric species have been used in traditional medicinal practices throughout the region. ...
... These molecules contribute to its complex chemical profile and therapeutic activities. EF oil exhibits antiparasitic effects on Ditylenchus destructor and antibacterial properties [24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. The anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects have already been demonstrated [29,30]; however, their role in obesity management remains unclear. ...
Elsholtzia fruticosa (EF) is present in tropical regions throughout South Asian countries as well as the Himalayas. Although it has been used as a traditional medicine to treat digestive, respiratory, and inflammatory issues, its effect on preadipocyte differentiation is unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of a methanol extract prepared from EF on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Cell differentiation was assessed by microscopic observation and oil-red O staining. The expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes, including PPARγ and C/EBPα, was measured by western blot analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR), to provide insight into adipogenesis and lipogenesis mechanisms. The results indicated that EF promotes the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, with elevated lipid accumulation occurring in a concentration-dependent manner without apparent cytotoxicity. EF enhances the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes, including PPARγ, FABP4, adiponectin, and FAS, at the mRNA and protein levels. The effect of EF was more pronounced during the early and middle stages of 3T3-L1 cell differentiation. Treatment with EF decreased C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) mRNA and protein levels, while increasing C/EBPα and PPARγ expression. Treatment with EF resulted in the upregulation of cyclin E and CDK2 gene expression within 24 h, followed by a decrease at 48 h, demonstrating the early-stage impact of EF. A concomitant increase in cyclin-D1 levels was observed compared with untreated cells, indicating that EF modulates lipogenic and adipogenic genes through intricate mechanisms involving CHOP and cell cycle pathways. In summary, EF induces the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by increasing the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes, possibly through CHOP and cell cycle-dependent mechanisms.
Nepal is home to many commercially significant plants that are used to meet everyday needs and have always been present in Nepal. The facts on commercially significant plants, their state of conservation, and future conservation requirements are provided in this chapter. This chapter highlights the need for more data on commercially important plants that will aid in creating the management strategies required for conservation.
