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![List of biomaterials with their use [2,4,12].](publication/347762555/figure/tbl1/AS:974235203821579@1609287181747/List-of-biomaterials-with-their-use-2-4-12.png)
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![Fig. 1. Biomaterial application in the human body [2].](publication/347762555/figure/fig1/AS:974235199623169@1609287180605/Biomaterial-application-in-the-human-body-2_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 2. Advancing Biomaterials of human origin for therapeutic use [2].](publication/347762555/figure/fig2/AS:974235199627265@1609287180713/Advancing-Biomaterials-of-human-origin-for-therapeutic-use-2_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 5. Schematic image of four stages of bedsores [4].](publication/347762555/figure/fig5/AS:974235199602688@1609287180986/Schematic-image-of-four-stages-of-bedsores-4_Q320.jpg)
Biomaterials are materials that are primarily made or engineered for biological compatibility with the tissue and cells so that they can be used for healing or repairing purposes on a living organism. They are widely used nowadays for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Due to their biodegradability and eco-friendly nature, they offer a wide domai...
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Citations
... Bone is a supporting structure as well as a storage site for minerals and blood cells. It is classified into three types: compact tissue, cancellous tissue, and subchondral tissue [39,40]. Compact tissue is located at the outer covering and is known as cortical bone. ...
... Based on research conducted previously, It has been determined that the following print parameters have the greatest effect on dimensional accuracy, in ascending order: infill density, layer thickness, print speed, extrusion temperature, and build plate temperature [46,47]. ...
One of the most popular techniques of Additive Manufacturing (AM) being used currently is Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). FDM is currently a nascent technology and has significant scope for improvement, particularly when it comes to the dimensional accuracy of the printed parts. The dimensional accuracy of the parts governs the usability of the product. These products when used in assemblies need to have very tight tolerances. These tolerances play a vital role in the quality of the finished product. For FDM to become commercially viable, the ability to predict this dimensional variation caused by different print parameters is essential, it would result in improved quality of the fabricated product and saving of time and resources. In this research, we studied the impact of significant parameters on the dimensional accuracy for different geometries such as cylindrical shafts, holes and rectangular slots. Predicting the dimensional variation is accomplished by using Decision Tree Machine Learning Algorithm. This algorithm's result is most suitable and provides accurate predictions; furthermore, the effectiveness of the model developed is validated by the R2 score of 0.67, the model can be further developed to establish industry-friendly functionality.
... With an aging population, rising standards of living in developing countries, and an increased ability to treat previously untreatable medical diseases, the field of biomaterials has witnessed considerable growth [1]. Biomaterials are natural or synthetic materials used to create implants or structures that enhance, maintain, or restore damaged tissue and other biological functions [2]. They are essential in modern medicine to restore biological functions and aid in the healing of patients [3]. ...
This review attempts to provide a state-of-the art literature evaluation of the application of finite element analysis to the selection and design of Ti and Ti-based biometallic alloys for biostructural rehabilitation, a background required for understanding the limits of practical implementation of the outcomes of computational analysis for biomaterials design. Biometallic materials based on titanium and titanium alloys are arguably the most pragmatic option for implant and scaffold design intended for bone, tissue, and vascular repairs, and other musculoskeletal disorders. This is owing to their high biocompatibility, low toxicity, high strength-to-weight ratio, and general mechanical properties that are similar to those of human tissues. Their selection, design and practical deployment for biostructural use is conditionally dependent on the outcomes from extensive biomechanical assessment before clearance for clinical property evaluation is recommended. These assessments, which are experimental in nature, require a lot of commitment both in terms of materials, cost, man-hours, and state-of-the-art facilities. A rapid and less resource-demanding approach to assessing the bio-mechanical suitability of biometallic materials as tissue replacements in the body could be of great help, and the use of finite element analysis based computational modelling and simulation techniques appears to be the way forward. This review analyses the basis, procedures, and outcomes from such computational studies on Ti based biometallic systems targeted for fractures and tissue rehabilitation. It also assesses the strengths, challenges and future scope for the utilization of finite element analysis outcomes for selection and design of Ti based biostructural materials.
... 4 The major challenge of biomaterials for bone tissue engineering includes producing the material that can be coupled with both the mechanical and biological concern of real bone tissue matrix and the vascularization. 5 Newer biomaterials tend to solve these problems of biocompatibility of biomaterials in the human body. In addition, these advanced biomaterials are being employed not only in therapeutic applications but also in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in medicine and dentistry. ...
... Biocompatibility is the concept used under numerous physical and chemical environments for the determination of the actions of biomaterials. They are still used for processes of drug delivery, breast implantation, heart valve reconstruction, vascular grafting, and fracture stabilization in addition to the uses listed above [36]. ...
Now a Days breakthrough technology for eco-friendly materials products is developed (in orthopedic use as the substrate for implantation of bone), magnesium alloys, because of its suitable strength similar to bone tissue and high compatibility of magnesium and its alloys. Throughout the elevated chloride atmosphere of the physiologic system and the physiological pH(7.4–7.6), pure magnesium will easily corrode. A possible solution to this challenge can be either surface treatment via various methods or alloying of
element additions or by the generation of metal matrix composites. The bio-material which is magnesium-based composites can provide resistance against corrosion and adaptable mechanical properties
such as elastic modulus, ductility, tensile strength, or combination of these properties and it is the main choice to select magnesium metal matrix composites as opposed to surface treatment methods and
alloying of material inclusion. The reinforcing processes are mainly focused on hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate particles, calcium polyphosphate, and mixed tricalcium phosphate particles. In this review article, a detailed analysis of biodegradable magnesium metal matrix composite is discussed briefly.
... Due to the rapid growth in the medical line, nowadays a lot of research is going in the area of biomaterials. The biomaterials include all the related materials which can be utilized in the area of medical sciences [24]. Designing and Manufacturing an ICU ventilator takes into consideration features such as functionality, reliability, and process stability. ...
... Mechanical properties of sustarin C, source[24]. ...
A new disease known as COVID-19 caused by the SARS CoV2 virus has engulfed the entire world and led to a global pandemic situation. Till 9th December 2020, the disease has infected 68 million people worldwide and more than 1.56 million people have been killed. The origin of the COVID-19 disease has been traced back to the bats, but the intermediary contact is unknown. The disease spreads by respiratory droplets and contaminated surfaces. In most cases, the virus shows mild symptoms such as fever, fatigue, dyspnea, cough, etc. which may become severe if appropriate precautions are not adhered to. For people with comorbidities (usually elderly) the disease may turn deadly and cause pneumonia, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), and multi-organ failure, thereby affecting a person's ability to perform normal breathing which may put them on ventilator support. The virus causes Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) that can lead to multi-organ failure in the most severe form. A patient suffering from ARDS must be put on a mechanical ventilator. These assistive devices help patients with respiratory disorders perform normal breathing. Presently nearly sixty thousand COVID-19 patients are in critical condition worldwide, fighting for survival requiring ventilator support. In India, the number stands close to eight thousand such individuals especially when the second wave of COVID-19 is expected to spread globally with initial signs arising from European and Middle East countries. With a large number of patients requiring ventilators, it puts a huge strain on the already weak health infrastructure of the developing countries. This is where some manufacturing and automobile companies have stepped in to help hospitals by developing ventilators at a faster rate and lower costs without comprising on the quality with the support of different government initiatives. This paper aims to study the basic requirements to be considered while designing the physical structure of an elementary level ICU ventilator for the hospital environment. The challenges related to research in electronic wiring of a mechanical ventilator, the overall structural design, and surrounding base could be appropriately done for different loads by simulating the conditions on tools like ANSYS software with accurate dimensions which could improve their future designs.
... Hong Wang et al. [23] proposed tumor immunosuppression technique to suppress the tumor development and provide a good nanostand with well-known immunosuppression-relieving ability for helpful cancer therapy. Raquel et al. [24] suggested new vascular system of nanobiotechnological advances for patient safety. The mechanical and biological way tissue engineering problems are solved by [25]. ...
Nanobiotechnology connects the scientific openings between chemistry, physics and biology on the nanoscale. These guides to a lot of modern techniques help and create good result in medical-phtherapeutic appliances. Now a day nanoparticles good aspirants for drug discovery and new therapeutic applications. It consists of the nanotechnology and biotechnology. Nanobiotechnology will help the combination of therapeutics with diagnostics and make easy to improve the specific medicine suitability for an individual and prevent the immune system from side effect drugs delivery. This article explores the nano biotechnology y for detecting specific disease in medical field.
Abstract
The field of biomaterials has experienced substantial evolution in recent years, driven by advancements in materials science and engineering. This has led to an expansion of biomaterials definition to include biocompatibility, bioactivity, bioderived materials, and biological tissues. Consequently, the intended performance of biomaterials has shifted from a passive role in which a biomaterial was merely accepted by the body to an active role in which a biomaterial instructs its biological environment. In the future, the integration of bioinspired design and dynamic behavior into fabrication technologies will revolutionize the field of biomaterials. This perspective presents the evolution of biomaterials, and recent advances in fabrication technologies, and provides a brief insight into smart biomaterials.
Biomaterials, a fascinating and highly interdisciplinary field, have become integral to improving modern man's conditions and quality of life. It is done by many health-related problems arising from many sources. The first batch of biomaterials was produced as implants and medical equipment in the 1960s and 1970s. Biomaterials are primarily used in medicine and may be directly or indirectly exposed to biological systems. For instance, we could use them in cultures and mediums for cell development, plasma protein testing, biomolecular processing cultures, diagnostic gene chips, and packaging materials primarily for medical items. Biomaterials should have certain qualities for human-related problems, like being non-carcinogenic, not being pyrogenic or toxic, completely plasma compatible, and anti-inflammatory. This paper introduces the history, classification, and ideal parameters of biomaterials and where they are used in the current scenarios in the medical field, providing a brief outlook on the future.
