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... the present study, a total of 47 IWEFs have been collected belonging to 29 family and 39 genera ( Table 1). The collected IWEF belongs to the family Actinidiaceae, Anacardiaceae, Berberidaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Cannabaceae, Capparaceae, Combretaceae, Cornaceae, Clusiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Ebenaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandiaceae, Lauraceae, Moraceae, Myricaceae, Myrtaceae, Olacaceae, Oxalidaceae, Passifloraceae Phyllantheceae, Rhamnaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Solanaceae, Urticaceae. ...
Context 2
... family Rosaceae exhibits the maximum number with 8 species (18%) followed by the family Actinidiaceae Anacardiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Moraceae with 3 species each (7.2%). The distribution of families is shown in table 2. Some of common fruits are shown in figure 2. The collected plants are arranged in alphabetical order with their common name, family, flowering and fruiting season and mode of consumption along with their accession number (Table 1). Table 3 shows some of IWEF's used in different traditional methods of food and medicine by the inhabitants of these three districts. ...
Context 3
... the present study, a total of 47 IWEFs have been collected belonging to 29 family and 39 genera ( Table 1). The collected IWEF belongs to the family Actinidiaceae, Anacardiaceae, Berberidaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Cannabaceae, Capparaceae, Combretaceae, Cornaceae, Clusiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Ebenaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandiaceae, Lauraceae, Moraceae, Myricaceae, Myrtaceae, Olacaceae, Oxalidaceae, Passifloraceae Phyllantheceae, Rhamnaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Solanaceae, Urticaceae. ...
Context 4
... family Rosaceae exhibits the maximum number with 8 species (18%) followed by the family Actinidiaceae Anacardiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Moraceae with 3 species each (7.2%). The distribution of families is shown in table 2. Some of common fruits are shown in figure 2. The collected plants are arranged in alphabetical order with their common name, family, flowering and fruiting season and mode of consumption along with their accession number (Table 1). Table 3 shows some of IWEF's used in different traditional methods of food and medicine by the inhabitants of these three districts. ...
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FOOD AND FEEDING PREFERENCE OF INDIAN PEAFOWL (PAVO CRISTATUS LINNAEUS, 1758) IN BARMER DISTRICT, RAJASTHAN, INDIA
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... It is rich in nutrients and is considered to have various health benefits. The fruit is typically consumed fresh, and it is also used in the preparation of jams, jellies, juices, and desserts [4][5][6][7][8][9]. ...
Sustainably harvesting and selling wild fruits can offer rural communities an economical source of income while concurrently safeguarding ecosystems. This study aims for the global promotion of wild edible fruits (WEFs) in the rural areas of Sunni Nagar Panchayat, located in the Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh. This study primarily focuses on comprehensively documenting the utilization of wild edible fruits by local inhabitants through a structured survey and in-depth interviews. Employing a multistage random sampling technique, five villages—Ambari, Kadog, Kamla dugri, Kalwi, and Basantpur—were chosen based on the prevalence of Punica granatum and Syzygium cumini. This research underscores the economic advantages of collecting WEFs for rural communities, providing them with affordable and easily accessible food sources. Additionally, it promotes public awareness, community-based management, and research on indigenous fruits to diversify diets and contribute to the overall well-being of these communities. Pomegranate and Jamun (local names referring to the botanical species of Punica granatum and Syzygium cumini, respectively) trees play crucial roles in ecological conservation by offering habitat, shelter, and promoting biodiversity, while also combating soil erosion. However, escalating threats such as population growth, forest fires, urbanization, and timber extraction endanger this rich biodiversity. To counter plant extinction risks, a strategic approach to forest conservation is imperative, emphasizing sustainable collection and trade of underutilized species beneficial for food, medicine, and income. Climate change poses challenges to pomegranate production, impacting orchards with temperature fluctuations, altered precipitation, extreme weather, and pests. Adaptation measures, including irrigation, pest management, and diversification, are crucial. Preserving wild pomegranate and Jamun demands habitat protection, restoration, and sustainable agriculture through agroforestry research, community engagement, and supportive policies. Integrating traditional knowledge with modern conservation ensures a comprehensive approach, actively preserving genetic diversity, ecological balance, and cultural relevance through multi-dimensional conservation efforts for Pomegranate and Jamun.
... Both A. callosa and A. strigosa have been documented as occurring naturally in the humid tropical to temperate forests of Arunachal Pradesh, with the latter's fruiting season spanning October-December (De 2017). In Northeast India, occurrence of A. callosa in the wild have been documented in the Kohima, Phek, and Tuensang districts of Nagaland (Khruomo and Deb 2018), as well as the Lower Subansiri district of Arunachal Pradesh (Asha and Singh 2020) ( Table 1). The same species, locally known as "Mei-soh-khan" due to its shrubby nature, has been reported in the sub-tropical forests of the Khasi hills of Meghalaya, with flowering in April and fruit maturing in August (Sawian et al. 2007). ...
... The ripe fruit of these wild species is also used to make wine that is sold in local markets (Fig. 9) and served at local festivals whereas leaves, branches, flowers and fruits are also used as a fodder crop for the domestic animals (Chettri et al. 2021). A. strigosa in particular is used in both its raw and brewed forms (Ghosh et al. 2020;Hazarika and Pongener 2018;Khruomo and Deb 2018). The wild kiwifruit species A. strigosa is utilized as a green fodder with moderate preferences by local people in Ribdi-Bhareng village of Sikkim and Gorkhey-Samanden village of West Bengal (Chettri et al. 2021). ...
Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) is cherished for its nutritional and medicinal properties having very limited history of crop improvement. Actinidia strigosa and Actinidia callosa are underutilized wild species occurring in Northeast India having distinctive flavour, aroma and resista wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. The potential application of these species may be as genetic material to improve kiwifruit quality, yield, and stress resistance. These species may serve as cold-resistant rootstocks and can be used to breed cold-resistant cultivars, and by this kiwifruit cultivation can be expanded into higher elevations, leading to increase in kiwifruit area and production in India and neighbouring countries in the Himalayan foothills. Since these wild species produce delicious fruit with high nutritional and medicinal properties, there is great opportunity to domesticate and bring these wild kiwifruit to market as a local produce, as demand for kiwifruit is increasing globally. These species need to be investigated in detail for their genetic makeup using advanced genomics to understand their evolution and to help the breeding effort. These species represent a valuable gene pool that could be exploited as a source of genetic material or brought to market as a locally grown fruit that can supplement our food supply and nutritional needs. This article summarizes the significance and utility of these wild species in kiwifruit breeding and consolidates relevant and contemporary information on taxonomy, botany, genetic diversity and possible approaches for their use in kiwifruit breeding.
... Ces plantes pourraient être vues comme ces espèces végétales qui poussent dans les milieux naturels (terres agricoles cultivées ou non, les jachères) et qui ne sont pas encore domestiquées dont au moins une partie est comestible (Teketay et al., 2010 ;Badimo et al., 2015). Les plantes sauvages comestibles jouent un rôle important dans les moyens d'existence des communautés rurales des pays en développement (Mwema et al., 2012;Mabaya et al., 2014;Khruomo & Deb, 2018) en raison de leur valeur nutritionnelle et médicinale (Biswas et al., 2018 ;Suwardi et al., 2020a). ...
RESUME La présente étude a évalué l'impact potentiel du changement climatique sur des services écosystémiques fournis par deux espèces du genre Cochlospermum fortement exploitées au Bénin. Cent quatre femmes commerçantes de Cochlospermum ont été interviewées dans trois marchés principaux. Les savoirs des femmes de différents groupes sociolinguistiques sur les usages spécifiques du Cochlospermum ainsi que les quantités vendues de poudre de racine de l'espèce et les revenus tirés ont été estimés et comparés au moyen d'indices ethnobotaniques et des marges brutes, sur la base des déclarations des enquêtés. Les probabilités d'occurrence du Cochlospermum ont été générées après modélisation de sa distribution avec l'algorithme MAXENT. Ensuite, les valeurs moyennes actuelles et futures du revenu monétaire et de l'indice d'importance culturelle ont été estimées et liées aux coordonnées géoréférencées des centroïdes des cellules de la grille contenant les probabilités d'occurrence de Cochlospermum, puis projetées sur des cartes. Le nombre moyen d'usages par enquêté était le plus élevé chez les commerçantes Mokolés et près de deux fois plus grand que chez les commerçantes des autres groupes sociolinguistiques (Chi 2 = 62, p < 0,001). Les quantités de poudre de racine de Cochlospermum vendues annuellement par commerçante sont en moyenne similaires sur les marchés considérés soit 31,19 kg. Toutefois, les marges brutes tirées à Angaradébou sont significativement plus élevées que celles de Natitingou. Les deux scénarios de changement climatique entrevoient une augmentation potentielle des avantages pécuniaires tirés de Cochlospermum et un renforcement potentiel de son importance socioculturel. Cochlospermum pourrait alors être une candidate clé à l'autonomisation des femmes dans un contexte de changement climatique. Mots clés : Plantes sauvages comestibles ; revenu monétaire ; indice de Bray Curtis ; indice d'importance culturel, Maxent, projections climatiques ABSTRACT CLIMATE CHANGE AND SOCIO-ECONOMICS OF COCHLOSPERMUM This study assessed the potential impact of climate change on ecosystem services provided by the two species of the genus Cochlospermum in Benin. One hundred and four female traders of different sociolinguistic groups were sampled and interviewed. Women's knowledge of the specific uses of Cochlospermum as well as the quantities of Cochlospermum root powder sold and the income derived were estimated and compared using ethnobotanical index and gross margins, based on the statements of the respondents. The probabilities of occurrence of Cochlospermum were generated after modelling its distribution using MAXENT algorithm. Then, the average values of the current and future monetary income and the index of cultural importance were estimated and linked to the georeferenced coordinates of the centroids of grid cells containing Cochlospermum probabilities of occurrence and then projected on maps. The average number of uses per respondent was highest among Mokolé traders and almost twice as high as among those from other sociolinguistic groups (Chi 2 = 62, p Agronomie Africaine 34 (3) : 429-440 (2022) 430 Y. TOFFA et al. <0.001). The quantities of Cochlospermum root powder sold annually were on average similar on the markets considered, i.e. 31.19 kg. However, the gross margins drawn at Angaradébou were significantly higher than those at Natitingou. Both used climate change scenarios foresaw a potential increase in the monetary benefits derived from Cochlospermum and a potential enhancement of its socio-cultural importance. Cochlospermum could then be a key candidate for the empowerment of women in a context of climate change.
... Wild edible fruits are one of the non-timber forest products that are used by local communities around the forest on a regular basis ). Because of their nutritional and medicinal value (Biswas et al. 2018), wild edible fruits have played an important role in the livelihoods of rural communities in developing countries (Mwema et al. 2012;Mabaya et al. 2014;Murni et al. 2016;Khruomo and Deb 2018). Wild edible fruits provide vitamins and minerals that are necessary for human health (Elfrida et al. 2020;Navia et al. 2021a). ...
The Bukit Rimbang-Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve is a protected area with a diverse ecosystem and vegetation. The area provides many ecosystem services that are critical to life, particularly for humans. The aim of this study is to document wild edible fruits and their use by the community surrounding the Bukit Rimbang-Bukit Baling Wildlife Reserve. The study was carried out in eight villages of Kampar district, Riau province, namely Tanjung Belit, Tanjung Belit Selatan, Gema, Kota Lama, Muara Bio, Muara Selayah, IV Koto Setingkai, and Sungai Rambai. This study was based on field surveys, plant collection, and interviews with the local people. Interviews were performed with 334 respondents selected by using the random sampling technique. A total of 67 wild edible fruit plant species, consisting of 29 families, have been documented in the study area. Artocarpus integer, Mangifera odorata, Mangifera foetida, Nephelium maingayi, Durio oxleyanus, Syzygium polyanthum, Pometia pinnata, Baccaurea deflexa, Garcinia xanthochymus, and Bellucia pentamera were among the plants recognized and frequently harvested by respondents. Local communities use wild edible fruits as food, either eaten raw or processed into candy, snacks, or vegetables. About 54% of the respondents reported traditional knowledge linked to wild edible fruits is transferred from the parents/grandparents to the next generations in the study area. The expansion of agricultural lands and the decline in traditional knowledge are the main threats to the sustainability of wild edible fruits in the study area.
... Since ancient times, people have been gathering plant resources to meet various daily needs. Wild edible fruit plants (WEFs) as one of the wild plant resources have played a crucial role in improving nutritional security across developing countries [3], especially the nutritional value [4]. Furthermore, it contains vitamins and minerals that are necessary for the maintenance of human health [5], as well as important sources of traditional beverages, food recipes, medicines, feed, firewood, building materials, and ritual material [6][7][8][9]. ...
Wild edible fruits provide most of the nutrition and serve as a source of income for rural communities. This study aims to investigate the importance of wild edible fruit and the local conservation effort of the rural people in the East Aceh region, Indonesia. This study was carried out in eight villages of the Serbajadi sub-district. A semi-structured survey questionnaire with a free list approach was conducted involving 180 people (20 individuals from each of the villages), which were selected through simple random sampling. The components of the edible fruits were analyzed for their moisture, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate, crude fiber, vitamin C, and minerals (Ca, P, Mg, Fe, K, and Na). In the investigation area, 46 wild edible fruit plants were found, representing 32 genera and 24 families. Mangifera odorata, Mangifera foetida, Durio oxleyanus, Pomea pinnata, Sandoricum koetjape, Baccaurea polyneura, Durio lowianus, Bischofia javanica, Artocarpus integer, Baccaurea brevipes, Flacuortia rukam, Mangifera caesia, Syzygium cumini, Baccaurea macrocarpa, and Garcinia xanthochymus were the most preferred respondents, which have economic value. These species have a nutritional value that is beneficial to human health. Along with revealing the enormous potential for plant breeding, WEFs are essential for livelihoods.
... Usually, the cultivation of the plant is carried by the means of seeds. [19,49] The species usually favours moist soil and it is an inhabitant of the Eastern Himalayas. The species is widely spread from East Asia to Bhutan, China, Nepal, and North-East region of India encompassing Khasi and Jaintia hills of Meghalaya where it is raised in the backyard and also naturally prevails in the forest areas [36] (Figure 2). ...
... [45] In Nagaland D. indica is associated with specific tribes or communities like 'Nagas' and 'Kukis'. [19] In the Southern Shan state of Myanmar, particularly in Myin Ka village the wild edible plant D. indica apart from the ethnomedicinal application it is also used as fuel wood. [47] Sometimes, it is used as rootstock for grafting of apple and the products are semi-dwarf apple. ...
... [40,49] The market price differs from locality to locality, season to season collection and accessibility of the plants and products of the plant in the local market. [19] A fully mature D. indica tree on per annum basis can exchange revenue of Rs. 12,000. Generally 4.5 kg of 'Mel-ko-chuk' is sold in the local market at the rate of Rs. 1500. ...
Ethnobotanical knowledge and ethnomedicinal methodologies from different parts of the world are of comprehensive significance and documentation of ethnobotanical, and ethnomedicinal data is a key prerequisite for further research in the domain of herbal medicine and its implementation in modern clinical research. The important sources of beneficial natural products and ethnomedicinal elements are majorly contributed by the wild edible fruits. The Docynia indica is a wild edible fruit that belongs to the Rosaceae family and mainly disseminates in the eastern region of the Himalayas. Since immemorial time Docynia indica is an integral part of ethnomedicine and traditionally implemented for treating innumerable health diseases. It is a valuable ethnomedicinal plant with important sources of minerals and vitamins and is conventionally used for treating common ailments. In the traditional system of medicine, it is regarded as a wonderful prophylactic for combating enteric diseases. The natural compounds extracted from the fruits of Docynia indica contain polyphenol especially alkaloids and flavonoids which significantly have an anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic property. The wild edible fruits are underemphasized despite their fascinating ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal characteristics. Similarly, Docynia indica is a less explored endemic fruit that contains eminent natural compounds and ethnomedicinal importance. Though it is less popular in urban regions but in ethnic groups it is a key component in indigenous traditional medicine system. This article mainly discusses the morphological features and phytochemical constitutes of Docynia indica and ethnobotanical characteristics highlighting the ethnomedicinal perspective.
... In Assam, weekly market plays an important role in sustaining the local economy and in fostering the relationship between economy and society. Fruits are easily accessible to local people and hence, are picked by the villagers and sold in these markets @ of Rs. 40 to 100/ kg (Khruomo and Deb 2018). Usually, fresh fruits are sold in the markets with limited processing (Barua et al. 2019). ...
... Previous studies in Aceh Tamiang District reported 39 species of fruit plants (Elfrida et al. 2020); in South Aceh District there were 56 species of native edible fruit plants (Suwardi et al. 2020), while in Karo District there were 30 species of fruit plant (Silalahi and Nisyawati 2018). This species of native fruit plant plays an important role in the daily life of people living in developing countries, including in cultural events (Mabaya et al. 2014;Khruomo and Deb 2018;Sutraningsih 2019;Purwanto 2020). In Indonesia, several types of fruit are used in traditional ceremonial events, such as Sekaten in Yogyakarta (Widiyastuti et al 1998), sea picking in Banyuwangi (Purwanto 2020), Daksina events in Bali (Sutraningsih 2019), and okay soup ceremony in Halmahera (Wakhidah et al. 2017). ...
Indah NK, Indriyani S, Arumingtyas EL, Azrianingsih R. 2021. Local snake fruit conservation in East Java, Indonesia: Community knowledge and appreciation. Biodiversitas 22: 416-423. The community-based conservation of plant species diversity by variety of utility is an effective method for preserving local plants. Salak or the ‘snake fruit’ from East Java is an important fruit plant species in East Java. However, recent dramatic decline in its production and consumption occurred due to land-use change of plantation into resident or settlement areas. This study aims to analyze the value of local knowledge and appreciation and discusses the conservation strategy to cope with the situation. This descriptive research adopted 328 respondents from 10 local and introduced snake fruit cultivation areas in East Java. Respondents were divided into four age categories: young (17-30 years), adults (30-45 years), middle-aged (45-60 years), and old (>60 years). The questioner consisted of closed and open questions about knowledge (9 questions) and appreciation (13 questions). There were variations in the level of knowledge and appreciation between locations and ages. The highest appreciation about snake fruit utilization was shown by the middle-aged group (85.53% and 75% respectively) based on the age group. In comparison, the lowest scores were shown in the young group (79.82% and 59.80% respectively). The points that support appreciation such as benefits and value of snake fruit for societal support. Based on the snake fruit cultivation area, the highest score for knowledge and appreciation of its value was found in Bojonegoro (98.1% and 87.01% respectively) while these were the lowest in Trenggalek (68.0% and 57.10% respectively). Appreciation supports community-based conservation through snake fruit festivals, product diversification i.e. making processed foods, and its use in religious ceremonies.
... The rural communities in the Tenggulun Sub-district generally have large home gardens, planted with various species of vegetables, fruits, and tuberous plants. Vegetables and tubers rich in fiber, nutrition, and bioactive compounds are very important for maintaining human health (Kusharto 2006;Suwardi et al. 2018), while fruit plants are rich in nutrition to ensure food quality and dietary diversity and can also provide household income (Bvenura and Sivakumar 2007;Mwema et al. 2012;Mabaya et al. 2014;Navia et al. 2015;Khruomo and Deb 2018;Abebe et al. 2019;Suwardi et al. 2019;Suwardi et al. 2020a). However, home gardens in the Tenggulun Sub-district have not been evaluated for their species composition. ...
... The results of this study were consistent with the study reported by Abebe et al. (2019) in Burie District, Ethiopia, where fruit plant species in the home gardens were primarily used for consumption by themselves. The fruit plants are rich in nutrition to ensure food quality and dietary diversity to the maintenance of human health (Mabaya et al. 2014;Khruomo and Deb 2018;Suwardi et al. 2019;Navia et al. 2019). Most rural communities have received income from selling various fruits in the traditional market (Navia et al. 2020;Suwardi et al. 2020b;Suwardi et al. 2020c). ...
Home gardens have a significant potential to improve food security and offer a contribution to household income for communities in rural areas. The aim of this study was to assess the diversity of fruit plant species in the home gardens and their contribution to the livelihood of rural communities in Tenggulun Sub-district, Indonesia. The study was conducted in three villages of Tenggulun Sub-district, Aceh Tamiang District, namely Tenggulun, Selamat, and Simpang Kiri. Extensive field surveys, plant collections, and interviews with local communities were conducted, involving 350 households, using random sampling methods. A total of 39 fruit plant species consisting of 23 genera and 17 families were recorded at the three villages. Sixteen species, i.e., A. muricata, A. jiringa, Artocarpus integer, Averrhoa bilimbi, Baccaurea motleyana, Carica papaya, Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus hystrix, Garcinia mangostana, Mangifera indica, Manilkara zapota, Musa x paradisiaca, Nephelium lappaceum, Psidium guajava, Spondias pinnata, and Syzygium aqueum were the most frequently recorded in all of the villages. In addition to being used as food, the fruit plants in the study area were also used as medicines, fodder, fuelwood, and household items. The fruit plant species have a significant role in supporting household livelihoods to improve food security and potentially offer a household income for the rural community in the study area.
... These plants are generally grown in different habitats such as forests, cultivable fields, and even anthropogenically disturbed areas such as roadsides and wastelands (Beluhan & Ranogajec 2010). WEFs have played a significant role in the livelihoods of rural communities in developing countries (Mwema et al. 2012;Mabaya et al. 2014;Khruomo & Deb 2018) due to their nutritional and medicinal value (Biswas et al. 2018). WEFs provide vitamins and minerals that are essential for the maintenance of human health (Saka & Msonthi 1994;Navia et al. 2015;Suwardi et al. 2018). ...
Background: Gunung Leuser National Park offers a variety of wild edible fruit species (WEFs) with food, nutrition, medicine, and economic value to the local people. In recent times, these WEFs have been threatened by over-exploitation, land-use changes, and biodiversity loss. This study aims to investigate the diversity of WEFs and their contribution to household income for communities living around the National Park.
