Table 6 - uploaded by Ricardo Zanchett
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Source publication
Cultural festivals help to promote, improve and preserve tourist and cultural heritages, generating business with great economic value for the destination. It is important that festivals organisers verify the visitors’ perception about the quality of the festival, and use this information to develop improvement activities. For better understand the...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... linear regression to analyse the impact of the researched dimensions on visitors' sat- isfaction (Table 6), we can see that these dimensions explain 57.1% (R 2 Adj = 0.571) of the variance of customers' general perception regarding the festival. The linear regression equation is significant (F-Statistic = 16.389) and residuals follow normal deviation (Skew- ness = 0.105 Std Error = 0.235; Kurtosis = 0.456 Std Error = 0.465.) ...
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Citations
... In the last 3 decades, several works comprising the interrelationship of local communities with festivals were published (Kuo et al., 2021). Some works confirmed the existence of relationships between trust, loyalty, and the impacts (positive and negative) of events (Tanford and Jung, 2017;Adongo et al., 2019), and these aspects are essential to assure community support (Revert e and P erez, 2017; Tontini et al., 2020). ...
... Social Exchange Theory suggests that community residents will be willing to engage in and support an activity when it benefits them (Ap, 1992;Nunkoo and Ramkissoon, 2011). Other studies show that residents who more clearly perceive the benefits generated by the events feel more motivated to participate in their activities (Revert e and P erez, 2017;Y€ ur€ uk et al., 2017;Fiuza et al., 2019;Tontini et al., 2020). ...
... The Blumenau Oktoberfest had its first edition in 1984, inspired by the Munich festival, and since then is held annually for twenty days in October. The festival is currently recognised as the largest Oktoberfest in the Americas and the second largest in the world (Tontini et al., 2020). The festival's program has a series of activities seeking to demonstrate to Blumenau people and tourists the folklore and cultural wealth, manifested in the passion for music, dances, and typical Bavarian cuisine, remarkable elements of Germanic traditions, brought to Santa Catarina by the settlers (Moretti et al., 2016). ...
Purpose
Legitimacy is a classic theme, quite present in organisational studies in general, but in the field of tourism it still has room to advance. For that reason, this research seeks to delimit the concept of legitimacy and adapt it to the context of tourism events; and seeks to validate a measurement instrument that allows to evaluate of its recognition in the imagination of residents, and to evaluate the impacts of this construct on residents’ trust in the organisers of Brazilian Oktoberfest, on the negative externalities of those events and, ultimately, on the achievement of residents’ loyalty.
Design/methodology/approach
The locus of the research are the cities of Blumenau, Santa Catarina and Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Catarina, both located in southern Brazil, whose residents answered an online questionnaire about the legitimacy of the Oktoberfest held there. A total of 365 valid questionnaires were collected, tabulated in statistical software and interpreted using exploratory-confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling.
Findings
The results show that festival legitimacy is a theoretical construct that can be measured as either a first-order or second-order factor, consisting of three factors, called moral legitimacy, pragmatic legitimacy and cognitive legitimacy.
Originality/value
This research provides a valid and reliable tool for assessing local residents' acceptance of ethno-cultural festivals. It also shows variations in the perception of legitimacy, demonstrating that this can influence other aspects of residents' perception of ethnocultural events.
... However, convincing evidence of the catalysing role of additional attributes is needed to maintain the interest of those involved (Arthur, 2023). The relationship between legitimacy and ethnocultural festivals may be even more necessary than about festivals in general (Tontini et al., 2020). Although little covered in academic literature, ethnocultural festivals differ from other festivals in terms of their characteristics and their involvement with traditional communities. ...
... 3) Finally, they are currently recognised nationwide as the main Germanic festivals held in Brazil, receiving visitors from all over the country and boosting tourism in the destinations as well as culture. This last aspect has led the Oktoberfests to become associated with the image of the cities (Fiuza et al., 2019a;Moretti et al., 2016;Tontini et al., 2020). ...
... The theoretical implications found here also corroborate the definitions of ethno-cultural festivals, such as those found by Fiuza et al. (2019b), Supriono et al. (2023) and Shabnam et al. (2018), showing that they have a significant appeal in terms of the identity characteristics of societies formed from an ethnic origin. Finally, the methodology proposed here proved what was said by Tontini et al. (2020) and van Vliet (2018), who argued that ethnocultural festivals differ from other types of festivals due to their characteristics and involvement with traditional communities. ...
Ethnic-cultural festivals are considered public celebrations aimed at preserving and celebrating the ethnic culture of communities established in a region after migration. This research aims to measure and explore the dimensionality of residents’ perceptions of the legitimacy of ethnic cultural festivals. The study used 16 semi-structured interviews and literature research to generate the initial measurement items. Subsequently, exploratory factor was carried out with 338 residents of the cities of Blumenau and Santa Cruz do Sul (both in Brazil) to explore the underlying structure of legitimacy. Confirmatory factor was subsequently applied with 365 residents of the same cities to carry out the final validation of the proposed scale. The findings provide evidence that legitimacy in festivals can be measured with two constructs: social legitimacy using a 15-item scale and cultural legitimacy using 9 items. A scale on legitimacy is a welcome addition to the literature and can serve as a basis for future research on the topic. Furthermore, the scale provides a valid and reliable instrument for destination hosts to understand how the community gauges a festival's legitimacy and thus has a guiding element in event planning.
... To gain a deeper understanding of the process of building a judgement about an ethnic-cultural festival, a qualitative survey was carried out among residents of the city of Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil, in an attempt to understand how they judge and perceive the legitimacy of the Oktoberfest held in their community. The Blumenau Oktoberfest was chosen because it is Brazil's largest ethnic-cultural event and is considered the primary representative of Germanic culture in the country (Fiuza et al., 2019;Moretti et al., 2016;Tontini et al., 2020). ...
... It is imperative to present persuasive evidence of the catalysing role of additional elements in order to sustain the interest of those involved (Arthur, 2023). The interrelationship between legitimacy and ethnocultural festivals may prove even more crucial than in the context of festivals in general (Tontini et al., 2020;van Vliet, 2018). ...
... According Zucco (2012), the festival was organised due to the efforts of the residents of the city of Blumenau (Santa Catarina) to preserve German culture and rebuild the city, which had been devastated by two major floods in 1983 and 1984. With almost 40 years of history, the festival is recognised as the largest Oktoberfest in the Americas (Tontini et al., 2020). The festival's programme includes a series of activities that seek to demonstrate to Blumenauenses and tourists the 'folklore and cultural richness brought by the passion for music, dances and typical Bavarian gastronomy, which are striking elements of the Germanic traditions brought to Santa Catarina by the colonisers' (Zucco, 2012, p. 100). ...
Despite being considered a solid and widely explored topic in the organisational context, legitimacy still needs more academic participation in empirical research in tourism. The same is true of festivals, which are considered an essential tool for cultural valorisation and must be considered authentic and legitimate by the population. Based on the above, this article aims to analyse how ethnic-cultural festivals acquire legitimacy in the local community's perception, using the current Brazilian Oktoberfest as the locus of study. To this end, an explanatory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach was adopted. Seventeen interviews were conducted with Blumenau residents who participated directly or indirectly in the most significant and oldest Brazilian Oktoberfest. The results provided theoretical and managerial contributions. It was noted that the legitimacy of ethno-cultural festivals is judged based on global, pragmatic, moral and cognitive aspects. It also emerged that symbolism represented local traditions, and the active and representative participation of the local community are the aspects that most legitimise such events.
... In previous research, the dummy variable regression approach was applied in a variety of disciplines of business administration and sectors like research and development (Füller Figure 2. Constructs considered by the regression approaches for Kano classification. et al., 2006;Picolo & Tontini, 2018;Streukens et al., 2017;Yin & Pfahl, 2016) or leisure and tourism industry (Harrington et al., 2017;Tontini et al., 2017;Tontini et al., 2018;Velikova et al., 2017;Zhang & Cole, 2016). Furthermore, some authors conducted empirical comparisons of the regression approaches used for Kano classification. ...
Customer orientation is crucial for business success, especially in innovation and product development processes. Considering its limited resources, an organization must recognize which product attributes generate value for customers. A key to successful product development is the identification of customer needs and expectations. One of the most popular approaches to discover the characteristics of customer needs is Kano's two-dimensional model. It considers customer satisfaction as a multi-factorial construct implying that certain quality attributes are more important in ensuring customer satisfaction than others. Recently, various regression approaches have been developed to simplify the process of data collection and allow a deeper quantitative understanding of the asymmetric and nonlinear relationships between attribute performance and customer satisfaction. However, the usefulness of these approaches is currently under debate due to the lack of validity testing. This study assesses different regression approaches theoretically and empirically. Moreover, an regression approach based on the elastic net regression and the squared multiple correlation analysis is proposed. This newly developed regression approaches outperforms the other regression approaches in terms of classification performance. This paper provides guidance to scholars and managers in selecting the appropriate approach to analyse customer quality requirements and satisfaction.
... Earlier studies have examined tourism destination attributes using the three-factor theory of consumer satisfaction (e.g. Alegre & Garau, 2011;Fuchs & Weiermair, 2003;Mikuli� c, Kre� si� c, & Ko� zi� c, 2015), while others have examined FTV and RV differences from this theoretical perspective in relation to particular aspects of tourism and leisure such as hospitality services (Davras & Caber, 2019;Lai & Hitchcock, 2017), festivals (Kim, Ahn, & Wicks, 2014;Tontini et al., 2018), hiking (Oh, Kim, Choi, & Pratt, 2019) and casinos (Back & Lee, 2015). However, to date no previous research has focussed on a comparison of FTV and RV primary images in a mature tourism destination context from the perspective of the three-factor theory of consumer satisfaction while subdividing repeaters into distinct sub-groups based on the frequency of re-visitation. ...
The study examines first-time and repeat-visitor primary destination images through the prism of the three-factor theory of consumer satisfaction to expose the positive-negative asymmetry of their relationship with overall visitor satisfaction and word-of-mouth recommendation, and the differential impact of factor type on first-time visitors and repeaters. It also subdivides repeat visitors on the basis of revisit frequency to reveal significant differences between repeater subgroups and between first-time visitors and high-frequency repeaters, which have been overlooked in previous research. Combining this theoretical approach with the examination of repeater heterogeneity has revealed the criticality of the destination's basic and performance factors; the former are potentially critical constraints on re-visitation for the large majority of visitors, while many of the latter have a positive impact on satisfaction and visitor recommendation but also have a disproportionately greater negative impact when their performance is poor. Recommendations are made for the management and marketing of the destination's image attributes in line with first-time visitor and repeater requirements.
... However, in the last few years, these festivals have also become a significant tool to promote local tourism (Fiuza, Zucco, Añaña & Sohn, 2019), especially due to their developing community potential, highlighting a destination, and targeting repositioning economic development, but also for the possibility to assign a cultural legacy in the host city (Pavluković, Armenski, & Alcántara-Pilar, 2017). The achievement of such events has offered significant opportunities to strengthen the cultural ties between individuals, regarding both supply and demand (Fiuza, Zucco & Kraus, 2019), since while residents show their heritage and tradition, tourists enjoy an authentic cultural experience (Tanford & Jung, 2017;Tontini, Branco, Brandt, Ronchi, Oliveira, & Zanchett, 2018). ...
... Festivals and fairs usually are developed seeking to promote and value the destination culture in order to bring people together and support a tourist destination nationally and internationally (Tanford, & Jung, 2017;Tontini et al., 2018;Yolal et al. 2016). Studies revealed that residents tend to value a festival in a more precise way when it already has some representativeness and recognition as an established event, realizing more clearly the benefits generated by it in the community (Tontini et al., 2018). ...
... Festivals and fairs usually are developed seeking to promote and value the destination culture in order to bring people together and support a tourist destination nationally and internationally (Tanford, & Jung, 2017;Tontini et al., 2018;Yolal et al. 2016). Studies revealed that residents tend to value a festival in a more precise way when it already has some representativeness and recognition as an established event, realizing more clearly the benefits generated by it in the community (Tontini et al., 2018). The Oktoberfest in Blumenau is considered the second largest one in the world and the largest one in Brazil (Zucco et al., 2017), demonstrating at a national and international level the German culture sustained by the people of Blumenau. ...
Aiming to analyze the relationships between residents' perception of their subjective well-being, their ethnicity, and Oktoberfest in Blumenau, we developed this quantitative and descriptive research. We statistically analyzed the opinions from 400 respondents, all residents from Blumenau, Santa Catarina. The main results revealed that people more related to German culture tend to value Oktoberfest more than those that are not. Therefore, besides contributing to the research field of festivals and emerging themes, this research is helpful to destination managers and festival planners whose focus is an ethnic-cultural inspiration.
... Tais pesquisas têm evidenciado diversos achados importantes na realização de festivais em destinos. Tais eventos demonstraram oferecer oportunidades únicas para geração e fortalecimento dos laços, onde o residente pode demonstrar sua herança, tradições locais, etnias e paisagens culturais para os turistas, proporcionando oportunidades para que os , Tontini, Branco, Brandt, Ronchi, Oliveira, & Zanchett, 2018, Woosnam & Aleshinlove, 2018. ...
... Tais pesquisas têm evidenciado diversos achados importantes na realização de festivais em destinos. Tais eventos demonstraram oferecer oportunidades únicas para geração e fortalecimento dos laços, onde o residente pode demonstrar sua herança, tradições locais, etnias e paisagens culturais para os turistas, proporcionando oportunidades para que os , Tontini, Branco, Brandt, Ronchi, Oliveira, & Zanchett, 2018, Woosnam & Aleshinlove, 2018. ...
A promoção de festivais tem sido amplamente utilizada por destinos com o objetivo de valorizar a cultura local e ainda ampliar o fluxo de turistas na localidade. Todavia, vale ressaltar que a prática de festivais tende a gerar impactos na comunidade receptora. Desta forma, torna-se fundamental a realização de diferentes estudos buscando avaliar como os residentes percebem os impactos promovidos pelo festival em sua localidade. Nesta perspectiva, o presente resumo tem como objetivo identificar se a frequência de participação na Oktoberfest de Santa Cruz do Sul influencia de maneira estatisticamente significativa na percepção dos residentes sobre os impactos econômicos, sociais, culturais e ambientais promovidos pelo festival no destino. A pesquisa teve uma abordagem quantitativa e sua amostra foi constituída por 520 residentes de Santa Cruz do Sul que frequentam a Oktoberfest ao menos uma vez por edição. Para análise dos resultados foi empregada a técnica de análise de variância do tipo One-Way ANOVA. Os resultados demonstraram que a frequência de participação na Oktoberfest é capaz de influenciar a percepção dos residentes sobre todos os impactos do festival. A população que frequenta a Oktoberfest uma ou duas vezes por ano tende a perceber menos os impactos positivos promovidos pelo festival e mais os ligados aos aspectos negativos, já, os residentes que visitam quatro vezes por ano ou mais demonstraram perceber que a Oktoberfest promove impactos culturais positivos em Santa Cruz do Sul.
Objetivo do estudo: Analisar a relação entre a satisfação e o engajamento online dos visitantes da 34ª Oktoberfest de Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brasil, realizada no ano de 2017.Metodologia/abordagem: Realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória, documental e descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, por meio de um levantamento survey com questionário, aplicado durante o mês de outubro de 2017 na Oktoberfest Blumenau, o qual resultou em 215 questionários válidos.Originalidade/Relevância: O uso de festivais como promotores do turismo em destinos vem sendo massivamente utilizado, porém, com seu crescimento, percebeu-se a necessidade de encontrar estratégias para manter o visitante satisfeito e engajado com a sua realização, buscando assim, a manutenção de sua atratividade e intenção de revisitar tal evento. A Oktoberfest é o principal festival cultural alemão realizado em todo o país, e Blumenau possui a maior edição do Brasil em número de público. Assim, evidencia-se a necessidade de avaliar como o visitante está percebendo a realização do festival e o quanto sente-se engajado com este, buscando a manutenção da qualidade e valorização da cultura típica alemã demonstrada através da Oktoberfest.Principais resultados: Entre os principais achados, destaca-se que as mulheres ficaram mais satisfeitas com a dimensão Tangibilidade, enquanto os homens com a dimensão Empatia. Foi possível identificar ainda, que a satisfação do visitante não tem relação com o engajamento online.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: O estudo contribui com a literatura acadêmica através do avanço em pesquisas relacionadas a festivais e engajamento, principalmente através do uso da Oktoberfest como objeto de estudo. Tal festival vem sendo utilizado como produto turístico em todo o mundo, porém, pesquisas que identifiquem como este vem se desenvolvendo e se de fato vem representando a cultura de forma satisfatória ainda não alcançaram um espaço significativo no meio acadêmico.Contribuições sociais / para a gestão: Os resultados aqui apresentados fornecem importantes resultados para a gestão e marketing não apenas da Oktoberfest de Blumenau, mas também para os demais eventos culturais, onde evidenciam que existem diferenças significativas em relação aos fatores pessoais e a sua percepção de engajamento e satisfação.
O crescimento do mercado de bens simbólicos se tornou realidade em todos os continentes. Particularmente, o futebol, desde a Copa do Mundo de 1990, passou por crescimento financeiro incomum. A exploração da paixão dos torcedores/consumidores pelo futebol e por seus respectivos clubes transformou-se em grande atividade comercial e de prestação de serviços, após o advento da Lei Pelé em março de 1998. Consequentemente, os clubes deixaram de ser meras agremiações esportivas e se tornaram grandes organizações, responsáveis por oferecer um produto atraente e cada vez mais rentável. A estratégia empreendedora da gestão de Andrés Sanchez possibilitou ao Sport Club Corinthians Paulista, em 2012, alcançar o primeiro lugar de empresa no futebol brasileiro e a sexta colocação no cenário mundial. Por meio de pesquisa exploratória de natureza qualitativa, ex-post factum, acompanhada de entrevista em profundidade com gestores participantes do empreendimento e membros da torcida organizada, o objetivo central da pesquisa, na perspectiva fenomenológica, buscou identificar as estratégias empregadas na Gestão Andrés Sanchez para a valorização da marca. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para a integração das estratégias funcionais com a estratégia dos negócios. Na percepção dos entrevistados, a visão empreendedora permitiu ao clube, em quatro anos (2008-2011), formar a base de seu acelerado crescimento para, posteriormente, alcançar posicionamento diferenciado e, consequentemente, vantagem competitiva sustentável.DOI: 10.5585/podium.v2i1.35
