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Line drawing of microscopic characters of Peziza halophila sp. nov. A: Section of ascocarp depicting hymenium, subhymenium and excipulum; B: Ascus apice and spores; C: Ascus base; D: Paraphyses apices; E: Ascospores and spore ornamentation. Credits: C. Agnello.
Source publication
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica: Cadophora antarctica from soil. Australia: Alfaria dandenongensis on Cyperaceae, Amphosoma persooniae on Persoonia sp., Anungitea nullicana on Eucalyptus sp., Bagadiella eucalypti on Eucalyptus globulus, Castanediella eucalyptigena on Eucalyp...
Citations
... Umbelopsis was initially established as a taxonomic category by Amos and Barnett to accommodate the species U. v er siformis ( Amos and Barnett 1966 ). Currently, this genus comprises 26 accepted species (Amos and Barnett 1966, Yip 1986, Meyer and Gams 2003, Sugiyama et al. 2003, Mahoney et al. 2004, Wang et al. 2014b, 2022, Crous et al. 2017, Wanasinghe et al. 2018, Yuan et al. 2020 ). These species were commonly isolated from soil, leaf litter, and other substrates. ...
... Previous investigations by various researchers have employed different gene fragments to elucidate the evolutionary relationships among Umbelopsis species. These gene fragments primarily included ITS (Ogawa et al. 2005 ), ITS-LSU-ACT (Wang et al. 2013b, Crous et al. 2017, Wanasinghe et al. 2018, SSU-ITS-LSU (Wang et al. 2015 ), and SSU-ITS-LSU-ACT -MCM7 -cox1 (Wang et al. 2022 ). Ogawa et al. ( 2005 ) and Wang et al. ( 2015 ) discovered that utilizing the ITS barcode or a nuclear rDNA alignment (SSU, ITS, and LSU) alone was insufficient for species-level identification within Umbelopsis . ...
... The challenge of identifying numerous taxa with significant morphological variations stemmed from the lack of correlation between nuclear rDNA sequences and morphology (Ogawa et al. 2005, Wang et al. 2022. Consequently, additional barcodes, often involving genes encoding proteins (such as ACT ), have proven valuable in previous phylogenetic investigations of this genus (Wang et al. 2013b, 2022, Crous et al. 2017, Wanasinghe et al. 2018. The commonly utilized loci, such as MCM7 and cox1 , were examined, revealing that the species U. ramannianana sensu lato could be subdivided into five cryptic species based on the phylogeny of six genes (SSU-ITS-LSU-ACT -MCM7 -cox1 ) phylogeny (Wang et al. 2022 ). ...
Aims
The aim of this study was to reconstruct the evolutionary framework of the genus Umbelopsis by using modern taxonomic strategies and evaluating the quality of oil and prospective uses of three distinct species.
Methods & Results
Three species of Umbelopsis were identified based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic evidence obtained from three genes (ITS, LSU, and ACT). A new species of Umbelopsis was described and illustrated, and subsequently named Umbelopsis ophiocordycipiticola. The characteristics of U. ophiocordycipiticola exhibited sporangia with a diameter ranging from 8 to 17 µm. and sporangiospores that were oval to ellipsoidal in shape, irregularly angular, with dimensions of approximately 1.9–2.9 × 1.7–3.0 µm. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to examine the composition of fatty acids. Notably, U. ophiocordycipiticola showed a significantly higher oil content of 50.89% in dry cell weight (DCW) compared to U. vinacea and U. ramanniana. The mean proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in U. ophiocordycipiticola was 32.38%, and the maximum levels of γ-linolenic acid (GLA), arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in U. ophiocordycipiticola were found to be 14.51%, 0.24%, 0.54%, and 0.53%, respectively. The biodiesel quality from all three species complied with applicable standards set by the American Association for Testing and Materials (ASTM 6751) and the Brazilian National Petroleum Agency (ANP 255).
Conclusions
The establishment of a novel species, U. ophiocordycipiticola, was strongly supported by morphological and molecular evidence. U. ophiocordycipiticola exhibited a high-value PUFAs content. Additionally, three Umbelopsis species demonstrated good quality for biodiesel production.
... Chen et al. [3] further clarified the generic delimitation in Didymellaceae using a morpho-molecular approach; Didymella was restricted to a monophyletic group and encompassed 37 species. Since then, 49 further species were added based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses [4,7,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], but D. acutilobae, D. erhaiensis, D. gongkaensis, D. hippuris, and D. myriophyllana were considered invalid species under the ICN Art. 40.8 or Art. ...
Didymella contains numerous plant pathogenic and saprobic species associated with a wide range of hosts. Over the course of our mycological surveys of plant pathogens from terrestrial plants in Jiangxi Province, China, eight strains isolated from diseased leaves of four host genera represented three new species of Didymella, D. bischofiae sp. nov., D. clerodendri sp. nov., and D. pittospori sp. nov. Phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, RPB2, and TUB2 sequence data, using maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI), revealed their taxonomic placement within Didymella. Both morphological examinations and molecular phylogenetic analyses supported D. bischofiae, D. clerodendri, and D. pittospori as three new taxa within Didymella. Illustrations and descriptions of these three taxa were provided, along with comparisons with closely related taxa in the genus.
... The insect host orders associated with Pleurocordyceps sp. comprise Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, and Homoptera (Kobayasi, 1939;Kobayasi and Shimizu, 1982;Bischoff et al., 2003;Ban et al., 2009;Wang et al., 2012Wang et al., , 2015aCrous et al., 2017;Xiao et al., 2018;Poinar and Vega, 2020). In addition to parasitizing insects, most species in the genus are also parasites of fungi (Kobayasi, 1941;Seifert, 1985;Bischoff et al., 2003;Ban et al., 2009;Wang et al., 2015a;Xiao et al., 2023). ...
... This is similar to the previous results, whereby P. nutansis and P. yunnanensis are parasitic on the same fungus, Ophiocordyceps nutans (Wang et al., 2015a;Xiao et al., 2023). Most Pleurocordyceps taxa are not hostspecific, and multiple species have been documented in the same host (Bischoff et al., 2003;Wang et al., 2012Wang et al., , 2015aMatočec et al., 2014;Crous et al., 2017;Xiao et al., 2018). Members of the genus parasitize insects and fungi, several species of which have broad geographic distributions possibly reflecting the diversity of Pleurocordyceps habitats. ...
Entomopathogenic fungi comprise an ecologically important group of specialized pathogens infecting other fungi, invertebrates, and plants. These fungi are species-rich with high diversity and broad distribution worldwide. The majority of entomopathogenic fungi belong to clavicipitoids, which consist of the hypocrealean families, Clavicipitaceae, Cordycipitaceae, Ophiocordycipitaceae, and Polycephalomycetaceae. The latter is a newly established entomopathogenic family that recently separated from the family Ophiocordycipitaceae to accommodate the genera, Perennicordyceps, Pleurocordyceps , and Polycephalomyces . In recent years, Polycephalomycetaceae has been enriched with parasitic and hyperparasitic fungi. With 16 species spread across China, Ecuador, Japan, and Thailand, Pleurocordyceps is the most speciose genus in the family. In this study, we expand the number of taxa in the genus by introducing four new Pleurocordyceps species from China, namely, P. clavisynnema, P. multisynnema, P. neoagarica , and P. sanduensis . We provide detailed descriptions and illustrations and infer genus-level phylogenies based on a combined 6-loci gene sequence dataset comprising the internal transcribed spacer gene region (ITS), small subunit ribosomal RNA gene region (SSU), large subunit rRNA gene region (LSU), translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene region (TEF-1α), RNA polymerase II largest subunit gene region (RPB1), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2). This study contributes to knowledge with regard to the diversity of Pleurocordyceps specifically and entomopathogenic Hypocreales more broadly.
... Sandoval-Denis et al. demonstrated that the lack of well-differentiated conidiophores and the conidial arrangement with large apical clusters justifies the separation of Gamsia from Wardomyces [40]. Five species are currently accepted in Gamsia [39][40][41][42][43], and one new species, G. sedimenticola, was added in this study. Phylogenetically, G. sedimenticola is closely related to G. aggregate (Malloch) Kiffer and M. Morelet, G. columbina (Demelius) Sand.-Den., Guarro and Genéand G. kooimaniorum Sand.-Den. ...
... Morphologically, the four species exhibit marked differences in characters of aerial conidiophores (reduced to conidiogenous cells, polyblastic, subcylindrical to cylindrical with a swollen apical part, 2-2.5 × 2-3.5 µm in G. sedimenticola vs. borne singly or in small clusters on short branches, flask-shaped, 10-35 × 3-4 µm in G. aggregate, usually unbranched, 0−1-septate, 3-15 × 1.5-3 µm in G. columbina and unbranched or rarely laterally branched once, produced abundantly borne laterally and singly on the aerial hyphae, 0−1(−2)-septate, 12-28 × 1.5-7 µm in G. kooimaniorum), and the shape, size, and colour of conidia (7-9 × 5-6.5 µm, ovoid to broadly ellipsoidal, pale to dark brown in G. sedimenticola vs. 8-10.5 × 3.5-5 µm, ellipsoidal, rounded or apiculate/hyaline in G. aggregate, 5-10.5 × 2.5-5.5 µm, oval, smooth/hyaline in G. columbina and 5.5-10.5 × 4-7 µm, ovoid to broadly ellipsoidal, and pale to dark brown in G. kooimaniorum) [40][41][42][43]. In addition, G. sedimenticola was isolated from intertidal sediment in China, differing from G. aggregate from the dung of a carnivore in the USA, G. columbina from air, soil, decaying wood, and milled rice in Austria, Germany, Japan, and the Netherlands, and G. kooimaniorum from the soil in Netherlands [40][41][42][43]. ...
... × 3.5-5 µm, ellipsoidal, rounded or apiculate/hyaline in G. aggregate, 5-10.5 × 2.5-5.5 µm, oval, smooth/hyaline in G. columbina and 5.5-10.5 × 4-7 µm, ovoid to broadly ellipsoidal, and pale to dark brown in G. kooimaniorum) [40][41][42][43]. In addition, G. sedimenticola was isolated from intertidal sediment in China, differing from G. aggregate from the dung of a carnivore in the USA, G. columbina from air, soil, decaying wood, and milled rice in Austria, Germany, Japan, and the Netherlands, and G. kooimaniorum from the soil in Netherlands [40][41][42][43]. Sexual morph not observed. ...
Most reported members of Microascaceae that have been reported originate from the terrestrial environment, where they act as saprobes or plant pathogens. However, our understanding of their species diversity and distribution in the marine environment remains vastly limited, with only 22 species in nine genera having been reported so far. A survey of the fungal diversity in intertidal areas of China’s mainland has revealed the discovery of several Microascaceae strains from 14 marine algae and 15 sediment samples. Based on morphological characteristics and LSU-ITS-tef1-tub2 multilocus phylogeny using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods, 48 strains were identified as 18 species belonging to six genera. Among these, six new species were discovered: Gamsia sedimenticola, Microascus algicola, M. gennadii, Scedosporium ellipsosporium, S. shenzhenensis, and S. sphaerospermum. Additionally, the worldwide distribution of the species within this family across various marine habitats was briefly reviewed and discussed. Our study expands the knowledge of species diversity and distribution of Microascaceae in the marine environment.
... (Fadnes et al. 2021). Furthermore, H. littorale prefers sandy shores of oligotrophic lakes with Littorella uniflora, and sometimes grows in fen meadows, while H. pusillum prefers to grow near mineral springs of fens or in peat-bogs, but can be found on sandy river banks and in grasslands as well (Crous et al. 2017, Kučera et Fedosova 2017, Fadnes et al. 2021. ...
... Despite phylogenetic evidence supporting H. pusillum as closely related to H. alveolatum (Crous et al. 2017, Crous et al. 2020, Fadnes et al. 2021, H. pusillum is morphologically more similar to H. littorale because of its 3-4septate hyaline ascospores with an overlapping range of variability in size. However, on average, H. littorale has smaller ascospores, 50-66 × 4-6 μm (Rostrup 1892, Kers et Carlsson 1996, Kučera et Fedosova 2017) vs 50-80 × 5.5-7.5 μm in H. pusillum (Crous et al. 2017, Fadnes et al. 2021. ...
... The type locality (Močiar NR; at only some 600 m from Rojkov) is also strongly calcareous, however sporophores of H. pusillum did not grow here on peat, but on gravelly soil with some fen-specialised plants such as Triglochin palustre, Trichophorum pumilum and Centaurium littorale subsp. uliginosum (Crous et al. 2017). In Norway, H. pusillum is known from one locality in semi-natural grassland on limestone in the southwestern part of the country, accompanied by many grassland fungi. ...
... Another common fact in endophytic community studies is the discovery of new taxa (Bezerra et al. 2017;2019;Cavalcanti et al. 2020). Penicillium alagoense, isolated in the present study was previously described as a new species (Crous et al. 2019) and Muyocopron lulasilvae is described here as a new endophytic species. Furthermore, the remaining possible novelties might be investigated in the future. ...
... In Russia, Entoloma sp. has been recorded along with Eucalyptus brassiana S.T. Blake (Crous et al. 2018), and in Australia, the genus has already been identified with E. baxteri and Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden. Also, Entolama nipponicum Kasuya, Nabe, Noordel & Dima, 2019 was cataloged with E. grandis in same region (Catcheside 2006, Bahram & Netherway 2022. ...
Due the tolerance in soil degraded, Eucalyptus is widely used in reforestation area. This study aims to evaluate the fungi that use Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden as substrate in reforestation area in southern Brazil. Fungi were identified and macronutrient and micronutrient contents were evaluated in order to understand the relationship between the fungi and the substrate. There were 200 specimens found, categorized into 25 species belonging to 10 families of Agaricales (Basidiomycota, Fungi). Substrates used by fungi were branches, roots, stems, humus, and soil. Macronutrients mean level found in fungi followed the order Ca>K>P>Mg, and micronutrients S>Fe>Mn>Cu/B>Zn. C:N ratio mean was 13:1, associated with substrate degradation potential, since the enzymatic production of fungi is affected by disposition of these nutrients. The data obtained in this study allowed a better understanding of fungi associated with the exotic arboreal substrate, and their nutritional significance in reforestation area.
Keywords:
Agaricales; associations; Myrtaceae; nutrient; reforestation
... Spegazzinia species have been found in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions around the world and have been isolated as saprobes from dead plant materials (Ellis 1971, 1976, Sivasithamparam 1974, Leão-Ferreira & Gusmão 2010, Manoharachary & Kunwar 2010, Whitton et al. 2012, Mena-Portales et al. 2017, Thambugala et al. 2017, Jayasiri et al. 2019, Samarakoon et al. 2020b, Ren et al. 2022, Tennakoon et al. 2022, Farr & Rossman 2023, as endophytes from lichens and plants leaves (Manish et al. 2014, Crous et al. 2019, Suwannarach et al. 2021, as well as reported from soil (Ellis 1971). This study introduces S. tessarthra, saprobic on Brachypodium sp. ...
... Spegazzinia tessarthra is distinguished from other Spegazzinia species in terms of conidium morphology. Spegazzinia tessarthra produces α and β conidia and differs from S. bromeliacearum S.S. Nascimento & J.D.P. Bezerra (Crous et al. 2019), S. intermedia M.B. Ellis (Ellis 1976), S. parkeri Sivasith. ...
During the study of fungal taxa of gramineous plants, a hyphomycetous fungus with typical characteristics of the genus Spegazzinia was isolated from leaves of Brachypodium sp. (Poaceae), collected in Mazandaran province, Iran. The fungal species was determined as Spegazzinia tessarthra based on the combination of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-rDNA) region and a partial region of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef1-α) sequences. In this study, we introduce S. tessarthra, saprobic on Brachypodium sp. leaves, as a new record for the Funga of Iran and Brachypodium sp. as a new substrate for the species. The description and illustrations of Spegazzinia tessarthra from Iran have been provided, and its morphology and phylogenetic relationships with other species of Spegazzinia have been discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a species from the genus Spegazzinia in Iran, and further research is needed to determine the diversity of Spegazzinia species in the country.
... Most of these studies were based on morphology and host associations (Ryvarden 2000(Ryvarden , 2004Costa-Rezende et al. 2020) and were focused on the species of a country or region, i.e. Brazil (Gomes-Silva et al. 2011;de Lima et al. 2014), Colombia (Bolaños et al. 2016), Ecuador (Crous et al. 2016(Crous et al. , 2017(Crous et al. , 2018, French West Indies (Welti and Courtecuisse 2010) and Mexico (Torres-Torres and Guzmán-Dávalos 2005;Torres-Torres et al. 2015;Cabarroi-Hernández et al. 2019). However, the circumscription of several species and their geographic distribution ranges remains largely unknown. ...
... The BLASTN search and the phylogenetic analyses grouped the ITS sequences of the specimen GA-03 with the sequences of the holotypes of G. chocoense (QCAM 3123) and G. podocarpense (QCAM-6422) with the highest score in similarity and strong support at the nodes (1/87), respectively. The morphological characteristics of G. podocarpense (Crous et al. 2017), a recently described species from Ecuador, are similar to G. chocoense. The distinction between both species is unclear and they are probably synonyms. ...
Ganoderma species are well recognised by their significant role in the recycling of nutrients in ecosystems and by their production of secondary metabolites of medical and biotechnological importance. Ganoderma spp. are characterised by laccate and non-laccate, woody basidiocarps, polypore hymenophores and double-walled basidiospores generally with truncate apex. Despite the importance of this genus, its taxonomy is unclear and it includes several species’ complexes with few circumscribed species and incorrect geographic distributions. The aim of this work was to provide detailed morphological descriptions together with phylogenetic analyses using ITS sequences to confirm the presence of seven species of Ganoderma in Costa Rica: G. amazonense , G. applanatum s.l., G. australe , G. curtisii , G. ecuadorense , G. oerstedii and G. parvulum . This is the first study that integrates morphological and phylogenetic data of Ganoderma from Central America and a key of the neotropical species. Besides, the distribution range of G. curtisii , previously reported from North America and G. ecuadorense from South America, is expanded to Central America.
... A total of 63 OTUs were differentially abundant based on genotype (22 of which were most abundant in Genotype 240, of which five are putative plant pathogens including OTU076 [Plectosphaerella cucumerina, a generalist necrotrophic pathogen causing root rot (Carlucci et al. 2012)), OTU119 (Didymella sp. [Phoma synonym], which causes various blights (Ma et al. 2022)), OTU205(Colletotrichum chlorophyti, a pathogen that falls outside the major Colletotrichum species complexes(Gan et al. 2017), OTU207 (Pseudopithomyces sp., a poorly studied pathogen(Crous et al. 2018)), and OTU254 (Plectosphaerella cucumerina, a necrotrophic root pathogen(Carlucci et al. 2012)]. Of the genotype responsive taxa, Genotype 176 has the lowest abundance in 17 of these OTUs. ...
Plant-associated mycobiomes can influence important host plant traits including those related to disease, nutrient acquisition, phenology, stress tolerance, and productivity. Disentangling the complex multifaceted relationships between host plants and their associated mycobiomes is a critical first step for generating improvements in environmental sustainability and/or plant productivity. Despite decades of work on these plant-fungal interactions, consequences of and mechanisms controlling these interactions are not well resolved, especially in the face of environmental stress such as drought. Moreover, plant differential genotypic responses under stress and associated mycobiome assembly dynamics are likely important in structuring communities but have been less well-studied. We conducted a controlled drought stress experiment by manipulating water treatment in a diverse set of cultivated sunflower lines with different inherent drought resistance levels to evaluate how sunflower host genotypes and drought interacts to affect belowground fungal mycobiomes at the rhizospheric and endospheric levels. Our results demonstrated that fungal community structure was driven by watering treatment, plant genotype, treatment by genotype interactions, genotype by plant compartment interactions and treatment by genotype by compartment interactions. Additionally, our analyses demonstrated the relative abundance of plant pathogens and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased with host genetic variation, or heterozygosity, levels. Our study provides evidence for drought and genotypic drivers of belowground sunflower-fungi interactions and offers a framework for leveraging these interactions to further understand how mycobiome community structure can improve plant productivity under stress.
