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Light micrographs showing overview and details of Echinoderes leduci sp. nov. A-G. ♂, holotype (NIWA-159405). H. ♀, paratype (NIWA-159406). A. Dorsal overview. B. Segments 1 to 6, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 6, ventral view. D. Segments 6 to 11, dorsal view. E. Segments 6 to 11, ventral view. F. Segments 9 to 11 of male, dorsal view. G. Segments 10 to 11 of male, dorsal view. H. Segments 10 to 11 of female, dorsal view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.
Source publication
Limited data are available for the kinorhynch fauna from the Southern Hemisphere, with little or no data from New Zealand. Here, we provide a first comprehensive overview of the diversity of mud dragons, with an emphasis on species of Echinoderes from the continental slope of New Zealand, from a variety of habitats such as slopes, canyons and seamo...
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Citations
... The most recent study on the kinorhynch fauna of New Zealand addresses material collected at 19 stations along the Hikurangi Margin, and nearby canyons and seamounts. It revealed a total of 11 species of Echinoderes Claparède 1863one known and 10 new to science (Grzelak and Sørensen 2022). This contribution brought the number of known and identified kinorhynch species of New Zealand up to 18. ...
... This is certainly also the case in New Zealand. Whereas the recent study around the Hikurangi Margin (Grzelak and Sørensen 2022) mostly resulted in the discovery of new echinoderids, the present study has shown that at least three species of Cristaphyes exist along the continental slope and rise of South Island. Cristaphyes microtubuliferus sp. ...
... Also, the sexual dimorphism expressed in lateral terminal spine lengths is not a very common trait. According to our knowledge, this trait has only been observed for five other species so far, i.e., E. aquilonius, Echinoderes bengalensis (Timm, 1958), Echinoderes blazeji Grzelak & Sørensen, 2022, Echinoderes coulli Higgins, 1977, and Echinoderes lusitanicus Neves et al., 2016(Higgins 1977Higgins & Kristensen 1988;Neves et al., 2016;Grzelak & Sørensen 2022;Sørensen, unpubl. obs). ...
... Also, the sexual dimorphism expressed in lateral terminal spine lengths is not a very common trait. According to our knowledge, this trait has only been observed for five other species so far, i.e., E. aquilonius, Echinoderes bengalensis (Timm, 1958), Echinoderes blazeji Grzelak & Sørensen, 2022, Echinoderes coulli Higgins, 1977, and Echinoderes lusitanicus Neves et al., 2016(Higgins 1977Higgins & Kristensen 1988;Neves et al., 2016;Grzelak & Sørensen 2022;Sørensen, unpubl. obs). ...
The kinorhynch species Echinoderes remanei (Blake, 1930) is redescribed herein, based on the material housed in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C as well as specimens collected at several other sites in the Northern Hemisphere. E. remanei is characterized by the presence of middorsal spines on segments 4 to 8 and lateroventral spines on segments 6 to 9; four pairs of glandular cell outlets type 2 on segment 2 (subdorsal, laterodorsal, sublateral, and ventrolateral), and one pair on segment 4 (subdorsal), 5 (midlateral), 8 (sublateral) and 10 (laterodorsal); lateroventral tubes on segment 5; and by sexual dimorphism expressed in lateral terminal spine lengths (in females, the lateral terminal spines are on about half as long as those in males). The study also reveals that the two other species, Echinoderes tubilak Higgins & Kristensen, 1988 and Echinoderes svetlanae Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov (1999) are conspecific with E. remanei. Therefore, E. tubilak and E. svetlanae are proposed as junior synonyms of E. remanei and are synonymized with E. remanei (Blake, 1930).
A new species of the cyclorhagid genus Meristoderes is described. Meristoderes zmaj sp. n. is distinguished from its congeners by its unique arrangement of spines and tubes. It possesses acicular spines on segments 4, 6 and 8 in middorsal position and on segments 6–9 in lateroventral position; and tubes on segment 2 in subdorsal, midlateral and ventrolateral position, on segment 5 in lateroventral position and on segment 10 in laterodorsal position. With the formal description of M. zmaj sp. n., the number of species within the genus is increased to 10. In addition, the appearance of a new species and its accompanying fauna within the North-Eastern Adriatic Sea fauna, extensively studied by Kinorhyncha taxonomists, is discussed.
A new species of Echinoderes is described from the Chuuk Islands, Micronesia. Echinoderes inaequalis sp. nov. clearly belongs to the Echinoderes coulli species group due to the presence of enlarged sieve plates, reduced trunk spines (excluding the terminal series) and a hairy habitus. E. inaequalis sp. nov. is characterised by the presence of a minute middorsal spine on segment 4; unpaired subdorsal tubes in alternating positions on segments 5–7; lateroventral tubes on segments 5, 7–9, midlateral tubes on segment 8, sexually dimorphic laterodorsal tubes on segment 10; numerous glandular cell outlets type 2 located on segments 2, 4–8; and very short and stout terminal spines (ca. 12% of the trunk length). The subdorsal unpaired tubes of segments 5–7 show intraspecific variation. E. inaequalis sp. nov. increases the count of the E. coulli group to 23 species.
A new kinorhynch species, Echinoderes lapitaorum sp. nov. from New Caledonia, is described, and the Bengal species Echinoderes bengalensis is redescribed. Both species should be considered part of the Echinoderes coulli species group. The new species is characterised by lateroventral tubes on segment 5, lateral accessory tubes on segment 8, sexually dimorphic laterodorsal tubes on segment 10, and numerous minute fringed glandular cell outlets type 2. The examined topotypes of E. bengalensis were no longer in a condition that allowed detailed mapping of sensory spots and glandular cell outlets type 1, but the observations confirmed that the species has lateral accessory tubes on segment 5, sublateral tubes on segment 8, sexual dimorphic laterodorsal tubes on segment 10, and a pair of large, elongate sieve plates. Glandular cell outlets type 2 are not present.
