Figure - available from: Journal of Plant Growth Regulation
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Light-dependent gene expression and alternative splicing of OsPHP3. 5 DAG green seedlings and etiolated seedlings were transferred to dark and light for 6 h, respectively. Total RNA of 2nd mature leaves were isolated for real-time qPCR at each time point (a) and for RT-PCR after 6 h treatment (b). Copy number of the OsPHP3 transcripts was determined using gene-specific primers in the 3′end sequencing. The relative abundance of three OsPHP3 alternative splicing variants was determined by RT-PCR using primers OsPHP3_3810F and OsPHP3_qR2349. OsUBQ5 was used as an internal control. The intensity of each band was quantitated by ImageJ and the ratio of (OsPHP3.2,3.3)/(OsPHP3.1) was calculated. All values are means ± SD (n = 3). Asterisks indicate significant differences compared to control by a Student’s t test (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01)
Source publication
The two-component system is involved in several developmental events and different responses to the environment. Histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins (HPs) play a critical role in transferring the phosphoryl group in the nucleus and regulating downstream effectors. Two authentic-HPs (OsAHPs) and three pseudo-HPs (OsPHPs) have been identifi...
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Strigolactones (SLs), which are biosynthesized mainly in roots, modulate various aspects of plant growth and development. Here, we review recent research on the role of SLs and their cross-regulation with auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene in the modulation of root growth and development. Under nutrient-sufficient conditions, SLs regulate the elongatio...
Citations
... In rice, differential modulation of light-regulated AS transcripts of pseudo-histidine phospho-transfer protein 3 (OsPHP3) resulted in high root-specific expression of OsPHP3.2/3.3 variants in response to auxin (Lee & Tsai, 2019), suggesting that these truncated isoforms have organelle-specific roles according to their subcellular localization. Another strategy is the AS of metal-induced genes for the immobilization of heavy metals to mediate auxin transport and stress regulation in cells. ...
Alternative splicing (AS) is a gene regulatory mechanism that plants adapt to modulate gene expression (GE) in multiple ways. AS generates alternative isoforms of the same gene following various development and environmental stimuli, increasing transcriptome plasticity and proteome complexity. AS controls the expression levels of certain genes and regulates GE networks that shape plant adaptations through nonsense‐mediated decay (NMD). This review intends to discuss AS modulation, from interaction with noncoding RNAs to the established roles of splicing factors (SFs) in response to endogenous and exogenous cues. We aim to gather such studies that highlight the magnitude and impact of AS, which are not always clear from individual articles, when AS is increasing in individual genes and at a global level. This work also anticipates making plant researchers know that AS is likely to occur in their investigations and that dynamic changes in AS and their effects must be frequently considered. We also review our understanding of AS‐mediated posttranscriptional modulation of plant stress tolerance and discuss its potential application in crop improvement in the future.
This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms
RNA‐Based Catalysis > RNA Catalysis in Splicing and Translation
... Consistent with the results from genome-wide studies, the expression of abiotic stressinduced individual mRNA variants of several regulatory and structural genes is developmentor tissue-specific [73,79,83,99,101,102], while the variants from other genes show differential expression in various tissues and/or at developmental stages [77,81,96,[102][103][104][105][106][107][108]. The spatial expression of splice variants has a potential significance for rice stress tolerance. ...
... For example, high expression of the functional form of OsHKT1;4 in young rice sheaths causes their loading with Na + ions to protect the young photosynthetic leaf blades from Na + toxicity, while the lower levels of the functional form (due to higher expression of truncated forms OsHKT1;4-SV1/SV2) in the older sheaths let Na + ions go through to the older blades for storage without harming the plant [73]. The expression of light-regulated AS transcripts of rice pseudo-histidine phosphotransfer protein 3 (OsPHP3) is differentially modulated by auxin in rice roots, causing high root-specific expression of OsPHP3.2/3.3 isoforms [83]; indicating that auxin may mediate the effect of light signaling on root growth by differentially regulating the abundance of AS transcripts of OsPHP3. Similarly, the higher ratio of functional to nonfunctional AS forms of OsPCS2 (OsPCS2a/OsPCS2b) in the cadmium-stressed shoot tissue of rice potentially reduces the cadmium toxicity in shoots [99]. ...
... The constitutive expression of larger isoform (OsBWMK1L) is due to the use of promoter-containing TATA-rich region, while the stress-induced expression of smaller isoform (OsBWMK1S) is due to the use of alternative promoter harboring several stress-responsive cis-elements. In a similar study, the transcript variants of OsPHP3, produced via alternative promoter usage, show differential expression in response to a light signal, with OsPHP3.1 being the major transcript variant in the light-grown seedlings and OsPHP3.2/3.3 predominating in the etiolated seedlings [83]. Notably, the analysis of the upstream sequence of OsPHP3.2/3.3 pre-mRNA, which is spliced out in the case of OsPHP3.1, showed the presence of several light-related cis-elements, including nine activating sequence factor-2 (ASF2)-binding sequences, which were suggested to be highly activated under darkness. ...
Improvements in yield and quality of rice are crucial for global food security. However, global rice production is substantially hindered by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Making further improvements in rice yield is a major challenge to the rice research community, which can be accomplished through developing abiotic stress-resilient rice varieties and engineering durable agrochemical-independent pathogen resistance in high-yielding elite rice varieties. This, in turn, needs increased understanding of the mechanisms by which stresses affect rice growth and development. Alternative splicing (AS), a post-transcriptional gene regulatory mechanism, allows rapid changes in the transcriptome and can generate novel regulatory mechanisms to confer plasticity to plant growth and development. Mounting evidence indicates that AS has a prominent role in regulating rice growth and development under stress conditions. Several regulatory and structural genes and splicing factors of rice undergo different types of stress-induced AS events, and the functional significance of some of them in stress tolerance has been defined. Both rice and its pathogens use this complex regulatory mechanism to devise strategies against each other. This review covers the current understanding and evidence for the involvement of AS in biotic and abiotic stress-responsive genes, and its relevance to rice growth and development. Furthermore, we discuss implications of AS for the virulence of different rice pathogens and highlight the areas of further research and potential future avenues to develop climate-smart and disease-resistant rice varieties.
Alternative splicing is a common but complex posttranscriptional regulatory process in eukaryotes, through which multiple different transcripts are produced from a single pre-mRNA. An increasing number of studies have revealed that alternative splicing is widespread in fungi. Intron retention (IR) is considered the most prevalent splicing type due to the relatively short introns and long exons involved in this process. Alternative splicing is coordinated by a variety of factors, including genomic structure characteristics, TPP riboswitches, splicing factors and DNA methylation, and is involved in the regulation of growth and development, and the improvement of survivability and pathogenicity. Taken together, the results show that alternative splicing events are fungal evolutionary adaptations to changing external conditions.
