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The study was conducted on two main sites (Ben Amer and Baida), Albaha region, South West Saudi Arabia. Floristic diversity and soil chemical analysis were studied. The study revealed the presence of seventy six species within sixty two genera of vascular plants belonging to thirty four families. Site 2 (Baida) with its two stands was found to be t...
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The study was conducted on two main sites (Ben Amer and Baida), Albaha region, South West Saudi Arabia. Floristic diversity and soil chemical analysis were studied. The study revealed the presence of seventy six species within sixty two genera of vascular plants belonging to thirty four families. Site 2 (Baida) with its two stands was found to be t...
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... The previous researches with regard to O. fruticosa were mainly concerned with the floristic diversity and vegetation analyses (Abdel Khalik et al., 2013;Aldhebiani & Howladar, 2015;Alsherif & Fadl, 2016), and the phytochemical and pharmacological studies (Al-Musayeib et al., 2000;Howladar, 2014;Bahta et al., 2020). So far, there is no molecular data about O. fruticosa collected from Saudi Arabia. ...
... The previous researches with regard to O. fruticosa were mainly concerned with the floristic diversity and vegetation analyses (Abdel Khalik et al., 2013;Aldhebiani & Howladar, 2015;Alsherif & Fadl, 2016), and the phytochemical and pharmacological studies (Al-Musayeib et al., 2000;Howladar, 2014;Bahta et al., 2020). So far, there is no molecular data about O. fruticosa collected from Saudi Arabia. ...
Otostegia fruticosa (Forssk.) Schweinf. ex Penz. plant is native to eastern Africa and the Middle East. This study is the first work for barcoding of Otostegia fruticosa subsp. fruticosa in Saudi Arabia with six specific primers (ITS, ITS2, matK, rbcL, TrnH-trnH2 and TrnH-GUG) and evaluating which one of these primers is more efficient than the other to characterize this plant. The results reveled from GenBank showed that there are only two rbcL reference sequences, one ITS sequence and no reference data for ITS2, matK, TrnH-trnH2 and TrnH-GUG sequences are available for Otostegia fruticosa plant. The results of DNA barcoding showed that ITS and matK loci recorded higher values of sequence length and variable sites than those of ITS2 and rbcL. The phylogenetic trees of ITS, TrnH-trnH2 and TrnH-GUG segregated O. fruticosa in a separate clade demonstrating that these loci performed better than ITS2, matK and rbcL for determining the genetic identity of this plant. This study contribute to supply molecular data about O. fruticosa based on DNA barcoding in Gene Banks, can be used for taxonomical studies of O. fruticosa and detect its relationship with other Lamiaceae species and determine the position of the Otostegia fruticosa collected from Saudi Arabia in the new generic classification.
... The previous researches with regard to O. fruticosa were mainly concerned with the floristic diversity and vegetation analyses (Abdel Khalik et al., 2013;Aldhebiani & Howladar, 2015;Alsherif & Fadl, 2016), and the phytochemical and pharmacological studies (Al-Musayeib et al., 2000;Howladar, 2014;Bahta et al., 2020). So far, there is no molecular data about O. fruticosa collected from Saudi Arabia. ...
Otostegia fruticosa (Forssk.) Schweinf. ex Penz. plant is native to eastern Africa and the Middle East. This study is the first work for barcoding of Otostegia fruticosa subsp. fruticosa in Saudi Arabia with six specific primers (ITS, ITS2, matK, rbcL, TrnH-trnH2 and TrnH-GUG) and evaluating which one of these primers is more efficient than the other to characterize this plant. The results reveled from GenBank showed that there are only two rbcL reference sequences, one ITS sequence and no reference data for ITS2, matK, TrnH-trnH2 and TrnH-GUG sequences are available for Otostegia fruticosa plant. The results of DNA barcoding showed that ITS and matK loci recorded higher values of sequence length and variable sites than those of ITS2 and rbcL. The phylogenetic trees of ITS, TrnH-trnH2 and TrnH-GUG segregated O. fruticosa in a separate clade demonstrating that these loci performed better than ITS2, matK and rbcL for determining the genetic identity of this plant. This study contribute to supply molecular data about O. fruticosa based on DNA barcoding in Gene Banks, can be used for taxonomical studies of O. fruticosa and detect its relationship with other Lamiaceae species and determine the position of the Otostegia fruticosa collected from Saudi Arabia in the new generic classification.
... Saudi Arabia is a large arid land, covering the major part of the Arabian Peninsula, with an area of ca. 2,250,000 km 2 (Aldhebiani and Howladar 2015). It is characterized by different ecosystems and is considered as one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the Arabian Peninsula, as its flora is formed by a mixture of Afrotropical, Oriental, and South Palaearctic (Mediterranean) elements (Aldhebiani and Howladae 2015). ...
... The life-form distribution of plants growing in arid regions is closely related to their topography and landform (Aldhebiani, and Howladar, 2013). This information will be essential to further study to identifying the Landscape Preference of Wild Olive in the Al-Baha Region. ...
This study provided detailed information on the attributes of wild olive species in the Al- Baha region, Saudi Arabia. The study area lay along the Sarah mountain, encompassing the districts of Al-Qura, Al-Mandaq, Al- Baha and the southern part of Baljurashi. This indicates the preference of wild olive for high foggy mountain conditions, which was pre-determined by the study to be a medium-high vegetation density zone. Information extracted from high resolution satellite imagery Pleaides revealed that there are 717,894 wild olive trees (360 trees per km2) in the study area, covering 1,991 km2 .The districts of Al-Mandaq and Al-Baha have higher wild olive density with younger and highly clustered trees, whereas Al-Qura and Baljurashi districts have lower wild olive density, with medium clustered older trees. The districts of Al-Aqiq, Qelwa and Mekhwa have the least density of wild olive with younger trees and light clustering. Clustering behavior was enumerated directly at the sampling plots and the results depicted that the majority of wild olives occur in clusters with mostly 5-10 trees per cluster. The olive tree is found naturally in Al-Baha and can reportedly maintain its populations in natural old growth forests for several hundred years. This study identified the age of wild olive trees in the study area. The results indicated that there were more (68%) of young age class (<50 years old) of wild olive trees, whereas Baljurashi showed the highest percentage of old age class (>150 years). The majority (88.6%) of the wild olive trees were healthy, while more unhealthy trees were observed in Al-Mandaq and Al-Baha districts. As observed during the groundwork, unhealthy trees particularly due to dieback, were more discerned with juniper affecting vegetation in Al-Mandaq and South Baha, with 45% and 18% respectively. Similarly, this study recorded trace of unhealthy vegetation, with 11.4% of the wild olive trees in an unhealthy condition. This information would be essential in ‘Identifying the Landscape Preference of Wild Olive in Al-Baha Region Saudi Arabia’.
... The ecological range of B. tournefortii extends from the Mediterranean basin and much of the Middle East (including Egypt) to western India (Aldhebiani and Howladar, 2013). It was recorded as invasive species outside its ecological range it began to spread quickly throughout the southwest USA, northern & central Mexico, and Australia (Minnich and Sanders, 2000;VanTassel et al., 2014). ...
Brassica tournefortii Gouan. (family Brassicaceae) is one of the five species in the Egyptian flora. Its populations showed notable morpho-plasticity with taxonomic debates, which were not yet resolved. The current study was carried out to assess the species morpho-plasticity and its molecular identity based on ISSR. The study was applied to 27 herbarium and fresh populations, representing all the species distribution ranges in Egypt. The taxonomic revision included 70 morphological characters, revealed five distinct Forms (1-5), radical leaf, and fruit provided the major distinguishable traits among the studied 70 morphological characters based on them the morphologic key is provided to delimit these forms. The pollen grain features using SEM are a pioneer at the infra-specific level, two shapes observed the subprolate (Forms 1& 3) and prolate (Forms 2, 4 & 5). Furthermore, the exine micro-features possess taxonomic value at the infra-specific level. The cluster analysis based on ISSR data revealed two clusters congruent to those developed by morphological and pollen traits. The ISSR results indicated that the species morpho-plasticity is genetically controlled. The study highlights the importance of the multidisciplinary approach to assess the taxonomic identity at the infra-specific level, for the auto-taxonomy of morpho-plastic species.
... The ecological range of B. tournefortii extends from the Mediterranean basin and much of the Middle East (including Egypt) to western India (Aldhebiani and Howladar, 2013). It was recorded as invasive species outside its ecological range it began to spread quickly throughout the southwest USA, northern & central Mexico, and Australia (Minnich and Sanders, 2000;VanTassel et al., 2014). ...
Brassica tournefortii Gouan. (family Brassicaceae) is one of the five species in the Egyptian flora. Its populations showed notable morpho-plasticity with taxonomic debates, which were not yet resolved. The current study was carried out to assess the species morpho-plasticity and its molecular identity based on ISSR. The study was applied to 27 herbarium and fresh populations, representing all the species distribution ranges in Egypt. The taxonomic revision included 70 morphological characters, revealed five distinct Forms (1-5), radical leaf, and fruit provided the major distinguishable traits among the studied 70 morphological characters based on them the morphologic key is provided to delimit these forms. The pollen grain features using SEM are a pioneer at the infra-specific level, two shapes observed the subprolate (Forms 1& 3) and prolate (Forms 2, 4 & 5). Furthermore, the exine micro-features possess taxonomic value at the infra-specific level. The cluster analysis based on ISSR data revealed two clusters congruent to those developed by morphological and pollen traits. The ISSR results indicated that the species morpho-plasticity is genetically controlled. The study highlights the importance of the multidisciplinary approach to assess the taxonomic identity at the infra-specific level, for the auto-taxonomy of morpho-plastic species.
... The ecological range of B. tournefortii extends from the Mediterranean basin and much of the Middle East (including Egypt) to western India (Aldhebiani and Howladar, 2013). It was recorded as invasive species outside its ecological range it began to spread quickly throughout the southwest USA, northern & central Mexico, and Australia (Minnich and Sanders, 2000;VanTassel et al., 2014). ...
Brassica tournefortii Gouan. (family Brassicaceae) is one of the five species in the Egyptian flora. Its populations showed notable morpho-plasticity with taxonomic debates, which were not yet resolved. The current study was carried out to assess the species morpho-plasticity and its molecular identity based on ISSR. The study was applied to 27 herbarium and fresh populations, representing all the species distribution ranges in Egypt. The taxonomic revision included 70 morphological characters, revealed five distinct Forms (1-5), radical leaf, and fruit provided the major distinguishable traits among the studied 70 morphological characters based on them the morphologic key is provided to delimit these forms. The pollen grain features using SEM are a pioneer at the infra-specific level, two shapes observed the subprolate (Forms 1& 3) and prolate (Forms 2, 4 & 5). Furthermore, the exine micro-features possess taxonomic value at the infraspecific level. The cluster analysis based on ISSR data revealed two clusters congruent to those developed by morphological and pollen traits. The ISSR results indicated that the species morpho-plasticity is genetically controlled. The study highlights the importance of the multidisciplinary approach to assess the taxonomic identity at the infra-specific level, for the auto-taxonomy of morpho-plastic species.
... This is probably due to vegetation here may not only be trees but other plant form such as herbs and shrub. This is according to studies done by Aldhebiani and Howladar, (2013) at Al-Baha whom observed that herbs dominated the vegetation of their study area (51%) followed with shrubs (20%),trees (18%) and other individuals ranged shrubs to trees (8%) and herbs to shrubs (2%) It was observed that the medium-high density vegetation zone also encompassed the Amdan forest which abounds in olive trees, Ara'r shrubs and other natural vegetation and Wadi Feig which is encircled by a green valley littered with apricot, pomegranate and grape orchards. It also covers Wadi Al Ageeg forest which is abounds in various fruit trees and tall lotus trees. ...
Classifying and mapping of vegetated area in Al- Baha region, Saudi Arabia using remote sensing shows that the medium-high density vegetation is mostly found at the central part of Al-Baha region separating the highlands and the low lands. Results obtained show that only 862.5 km2 (7.7%) Al-Baha region is covered with medium-high density vegetation found mainly at the 6-15km width horizontal central belt (at districts of Al-Mandaq, Al-Baha and south Baljurashi) along high foggy mountainous plateau. Whereas, about 65% of Al-Baha region has very low-none density vegetation mainly occurred extensively at Tihama low plain towards the Red Sea and at the north-eastern desert plain. In addition, study reveals that the highlands of Al-Baha have the most numbers of trees represents the areas of the highest elevations in the region (range between 1940 and 2366 m above sea level. This indicates that there is relationship between this elevation range with medium to high vegetation density. Similarly, the low surface temperatures are mainly located at the central belt across Al-Baha region. When overlaid with medium-high vegetation density zone with the temperature map, it was visually observed that it almost fit with lower temperature zone of less than 15°C. This also indicates that there is relationship between lower temperature with medium-high vegetation density.
... However, more species are expected to occur because of the biodiversity richness of the country, as it occupies the major part of the Arabian Peninsula (Aldhebiani and Howladar 2015). For this reason, more collection trips and studies are necessary to clarify the distributions as well as the host records of this interesting genus in other parts of Saudi Arabia. ...
The monotypic subfamily Epitraninae Burks, 1936 (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Chalcididae) is reported for the first time in Saudi Arabia. Seven Epitranus species are recorded in the Southwestern and Central regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, of which three species are new: E. delvarei Soliman & Gadallah, sp. nov. (female & male), E. similis Gadallah & Soliman, sp. nov. (male), and E. subinops Soliman & Gadallah, sp. nov. (female), are described and illustrated. Four new records, E. clavatus (Fabricius), E. hamoni complex, E. inops Steffan, and E. torymoides (Risbec), are also reported. An illustrated key to species is provided.
