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This study was aimed to record the complete life cycle of insect museum pest, commonly known as carpet beetle or furniture carpet beetle under normal room temperature and humidity. The eggs laid by female were 39.4+6.08 in number and incubation period was 18.44+1.5 days. The larval stages passed through 7.12+1.12 instars. The larvae were elongated,...
Citations
... The natural habitat of this insect, which is also known as varied carpet beetle, is originally dried bird nests (Nisimura & Numata 2003). However, it is recorded as a pest species in museums and there are many publications about its life cycle and control methods (Nisimura & Numata 2003;Kumar et al, 2013). ...
Insects are of great importance in the ecosystem. In some cases, however, they can be directly or indirectly harmful to humans. Pest insects in museums are good examples of such insects. Especially organic cultural heritage is often the target of these pests. To accomplish effective pest control, it is necessary to obtain knowledge on pest species and their effects. In this study, pest specimens including adults, larvae, pupae and exuviae materials (Total: 1323 specimens) were collected from 59 furs belonging to 12 species of mammals in Zoological Collection of University Istanbul (ZMUI). The species of these pests from various life stages were identified and the numbers were recorded. Further analyses were conducted through the means of Corresponding Analysis and a potential correlation between pest species and species of hosting furs was investigated 9 species of museum pests were identified; Anthrenus verbasci (Linnaeus, 1767), Attagenus brunneus Faldermann, 1835, Dermestes maculatus (DeGeer, 1774), Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius, 1792), Lepisma sp., Monopis sp., Ptinus clavipes Panzer, 1792, Stegobium paniceum (Linnaeus, 1758) and Tineola bisselliella (Hummel, 1823). Among the pest species, Anthrenus verbasci is the species with the highest specimen count in the collection, as well as the most commonly distributed species. Museum pests are mainly observed on the furs of herbivore mammals. This observation is demonstrated with Corresponding Analysis. Also through Corresponding Analysis, a correlation between the species of pest insects and the diets of the species of hosting furs was demonstrated.
... In temperate regions of the world, Anthrenus species feature prominently and both the varied carpet beetle, Anthrenus verbasci (L.), and the Guernsey carpet beetle, Anthrenus sarnicus Mroczkowski, are serious pests (Armes, 1988;Pinniger and Lauder, 2018). In warmer climates additional Anthrenus species infest natural history collections including Anthrenus flavipes Le Conte (Kumar et al., 2013;Holloway and Bakaloudis, 2021) and Anthrenus coloratus Reitter (Veer et al., 1991;Nardi and Háva, 2019). ...
The varied carpet beetle, Anthrenus verbasci (L.), is a major pest in museums containing artifacts or specimens of animal origin, e.g., natural science collections. Integrated pest management techniques are deployed to prevent A. verbasci access and controlling the pest should they be found on valuable artifacts. Several synthetic chemicals have been used in the past in the fight against A. verbasci and other insect pest species but the use of these chemicals (such as naphthalene and dichlorvos) is now banned following health concerns. Attention is turning towards natural compounds in the search for natural, safe alternatives. As well as having active ingredients against adult A. verbasci, it is also essential that any useful products found fall within museum budgets. Here we examine the repellent properties of four 'off-the-shelf' essential oils: clove, lemon, lavender, and eucalyptus. All four essential oils exhibited some repellent property, but A. verbasci found lavender and eucalyptus oils the most repellent, offering the possibility that some easy to obtain and inexpensive natural products might have a role to play in museum IPM.
... Holloway and Pinniger (2020) illustrate these species and how to distinguish between them. At more southerly, warmer latitudes, different Anthrenus species enter museums and can cause problems, such as A. coloratus Reitter, 1881 in Iran (Shahrabi et al., 2018), Italy (Nardi and Háva, 2019), and Russia (Kovalenko, 2019), and A. flavipes Leconte, 1854 in India (Kumar et al., 2013). Here we report on an infestation of A. flavipes in caprid horn held in the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. ...
... The larvae were concentrated in the younger keratin layers close to the bone whilst the tougher, outer horn was largely undamaged. The infestation must have been present for at least two years since many live larvae at different stages were present along with dead adults and the life cycle takes one year to complete in India (Kumar et al., 2013). It is not clear how the carpet beetles got into the caprid case. ...
... A. flavipes is a species typical of hotter conditions. A. flavipes is known from India (Kumar et al., 2013) and Iran (Ghahari and Háva, 2017). In Europe it has been recorded from Italy (Nardi and Háva, 2013) in the Mediterranean region and further north in the Czech Republic (Háva 2011). ...
An important component of integrated pest management is vigilance. There is always the scope for pest species from other parts of the world to become established outside of their natural range. Here we report on a damaging infestation of natural history specimens by the Dermestid beetle Anthrenus flavipes LeConte 1854. The beetles caused considerable damage to caprid horn in the collection of stuffed vertebrate specimens held in the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. Identification features of A. flavipes are described and comparisons with other pest Anthrenus species made. Citation: Holloway, G. J., and Bakaloudis, D. 2021. Anthrenus flavipes LeConte, 1854 (Coleoptera; Dermestidae); a destructive pest of natural history specimens.
... There are also some papers presenting a detailed descriptions of the larval morphology of individual species (cf. Table 2;BeaL 1959b;BeaL & kadej 2008;kadej 2012a, b, c;kadej & jaroszewicz 2013;kadej et al. 2013a, b, 2017kadej 2017;kadej & guziak 2017a, b;kadej 2018) or providing important information about anatomy (das 1938;dorsey 1943;Pradhan 1948), biology (wodsedaLek 1912;LePesMe 1938b;LePesMe et PauLian 1939;hadaway 1956;Loschiavo 1960;zhantiev 1960;ford & kingsoLver 1966;kantack & staPLes 1969;MathLein 1971;Barak & BurkhoLder 1977;gerard & ruf 1997;kiseLyova 2002;hasan et al. 2007;kuMar et al. 2013) and ecology (zhantiev 1960;kantack & staPLes 1969;snyder et al. 1984;o'tooLe 2010). ...
... We know nothing, or very little, about the biology of most species. For some taxa, papers have been published describing certain aspects of their biology (wodsedaLek 1912;andres 1925;LePesMe 1938b;LePesMe & PauLian 1939;hadaway 1956;Loschiavo 1960;zhantiev 1960;kiritani & kawahara 1963;ford & kingsoLver 1966;andreae 1967;kantack & staPLes 1969;MathLein 1971;Barak & BurkhoLder 1977;arMes 1985arMes , 1990arMes , 1991caMMaerts & caMMaerts 1994;iwasaki et al. 1994, 1996gerard & ruf 1997;kiseLyova 2002;hawkeswood 2003;hasan et al. 2007;kuMar et al. 2013) and ecology (kurosawa 1937;zhantiev 1960kantack & staPLes 1969;aBdeL-rahMan et al. 1981;snyder et al. 1984;Majeed 2002;staneva et al. 2002). Despite this series of papers, however, the relationships between juvenile stages and other animal species are virtually unknown. ...
Museums preserve historical cultural artifacts and serve as an essential resource for current and future generations seeking first-hand knowledge about the diversity of life on Earth. However, significant changes in climate from temperature and humidity cause serious biotic degradation. Despite ongoing insect control treatments, insect pests are still a major problem for museums due to the lack of suitable and unsafe environments that are provided for the storage and display of the collection. The varied carpet beetle, Anthrenus verbasci (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is one of the major stored product pests whose larvae cause serious damage to household items and museum specimens. Therefore, this research aims to study the effect of gamma radiation on the larval, pupal and adult stages. The effects of gamma radiation have been studied on 3rd instar larvae (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 Gy). The results showed that mortality in the larval stage significantly increased with increasing gamma radiation dose, which was reflected in the eclosion of the adult stage. The exposure of one-day-old pupae to 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 Gy of gamma radiation showed that the higher the dose, the lower the percentage of adult emergence. Additionally, there was a significant increase in the percentage of mortality in A. verbasci adults with increasing radiation doses when the newly emerged adults were irradiated with 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 Gy. The LD50 and LD90 of gamma radiation doses on larvae, pupae and adults were calculated, and the malformations in all stages were photographed. The fecundity and fertility of A. verbasci adults that were exposed to radiation as one-day-old pupae decreased gradually with increasing doses of gamma radiation and reached 100% sterility when exposed to a dose of 150 Gy. Among all the treatments, the sterile dose (150 Gy) or lethal dose (1000 Gy) showed superior performance over other treatments and was adjudged as the best treatments, which prevented the subsequent development and complete mortality of the pest.
Wool is one of the most ancient and highly preferred fibers to mankind and is extremely susceptible to insect infestation which is a major concern to the woolens and is an age-old issue. Woolens, stored in a poorly ventilated, dark, and humid atmosphere are prone to the moth attack. The larvae of clothes moth and carpet beetle severely attack woolens and animal fibers. While chemical anti-moth formulations are effective in preventing the moth attack, their toxicity is also a major concern. Herbal formulations, including natural dyes, are found to be effective in repelling the moth. It has become the need of the hour to popularize herbal mothproofing agents for effective management of these textile pests. Recently nano chemicals are also attempted for moth repellency. This paper reviews various insects attacking wool, their management, natural and synthetic antimoth agents along with antifeedants, their mode of action, and standard testing methods.
