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Agricultural production has been recognized as a one of the major contributors to environmental degradation and a source of several forms of pollution that have far-reaching consequences for ecosystems, water supplies, soil quality, air quality, and human health. Maize cultivation has also placed a major environmental cost, particularly when consid...
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... Given its uses in industry, animal feed and food production corn hold importance in agriculture. Over time there have been advancements in maize production technology [3] These technological improvements have greatly enhanced farm productivity and efficiency. The utilization of techniques such as farming systems and production technologies has been found to increase maize yield while reducing labor and material costs [4]. ...
In the realm of corn cultivation, Machine learning application revolutionizes conventional farming methods by imposing advanced algorithms to analyze diverse datasets. Machine learning can be applied in projecting crop yields, detecting diseases, and controlling weeds. This method eventually enhances efficiency and crop productivity. The goal of the literature review is to analyze systematically and incorporate the existing collection of research on machine learning applications in the context of corn cultivation. The review investigates the vast range of machine learning techniques employed, their impact, and their effectiveness on different aspects of corn agriculture. The review highlights the different models that are used in different applications of machine learning in corn cultivation and its impact in the economy and environment. This review gives valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers aiming to integrate machine learning technology to optimize corn production by examining the present state of knowledge.
... Globally, maize covers around 150 million hectares across over 160 nations, adapting to a wide spectrum of soils, environments, ecologies and management practices. Impressively, maize contributes to 36% (782 million metric tons) of the total global grain production [2]. In India, maize is cultivated in approximately 10.04 million hectares, with a production of 33.62 million metric tons and a productivity of 3349 kg/ha. ...
In Telangana, India, maize is cultivated in large areas next to rice and cotton. Considering the importance of the crop, Professor Jayashankar Telangana state Agricultural University (PJTSAU) is focusing on the development of new maize hybrids and agro-technologies that increase yield and income for farmers and reduce input and management costs. In order to evaluate the impacts of seed-to-seed mechanization technology, the Economic Surplus (ES) approach was applied in the present study that quantifies aggregate social benefits which includes producer and consumer surplus. Results revealed a total surplus of Rs. 19.61 lakhs, mainly benefiting producers (72.09 per cent) and consumers (27.91 per cent). The investment in seed-to-seed mechanization demonstrated a promising 23 per cent internal rate of return (IRR), a net present value (NPV) of Rs. 3.2 lakhs, and a favorable BC ratio of 1.67:1. The results of study found that the adoption of novel technology increased farm income and reduced the labour cost.
... They have found that PM2.5 was the main contributor to air pollution during maize cultivation (1 kg of maize grain) according to the IDEA v2.0 database, followed by NO x at about 7% due to biomass burning after the harvest of maize. Several recent studies have also been conducted on agricultural practices of maize cultivation for instance (Keshavarz Afshar and Dekamin 2022) on different soil tillage systems, (Lal et al. 2019) on Soil health, (Afshar et al. 2019) on economic profitability, and (Kumar et al. 2022b(Kumar et al. , 2022a on environmental impact. ...
In recent times, India has witnessed a remarkable surge in agricultural production, surpassing the demand and establishing itself as a leading global exporter in agronomy and horticulture crops. However, it is important to note that this sector has also been associated with environmental impacts, contributing to various forms of pollution that negatively affect water, soil, air quality, and human health. To address the environmental impact of food production, it is essential to assess the overall environmental consequences of the entire food supply chain. Maize cultivation significantly impacts the environment, especially concerning resource usage and the environmental effects of fertilizer, insecticides, and electricity production. In order to evaluate the environmental consequences associated with maize cultivation, a life cycle assessment was conducted using the cradle-to-farm gate approach. The aim was to quantify and pinpoint the system’s environmental hotspots. A land-based functional unit (i.e., one hectare of potato cultivation) has been taken in the study. For the evaluation of environmental correlations and estimation of potential environmental impact, the LCA research incorporated the use of SimaPro version 9.5 software in conjunction with the ReCiPe midpoint and endpoint methods. This selected approach facilitated the assessment of all inputs and outputs included in the study, providing valuable insights into their environmental implications. The characterization results show that fertilization, irrigation, sowing, and harvesting have considerable environmental impacts, with fertilization having the most influence. Irrigation contributes 94.5 percent to water usage and 21.3 percent to freshwater eutrophication. Based on the recipe endpoint scores, the overall impact totals 144.8 points, with human health prominently leading at 129.0 points. Additionally, in order to see the environmental and economic viability of the selected crop an alternative scenario along with life cycle costing has been performed.
... Additionally, LCA tool SimaPro associated with eco-invent database have been considered in order to identified the environmental burden associated with the casting process. In order to calculate the environment impact associated with different impact categories, the ReCiPe endpoint impact assessment method has been used (Kumar et al. 2022). ...
The stir casting technique for producing aluminum metal matrix nanocomposites is commonly used for a variety of reasons, including its durability, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness. In order to fabricate a composite, aluminum A380 was taken as base material, and fly ash was used as a reinforcement in the fabrication of composite. As casting has influenced the environment by generating negative impacts since it has required huge amount of energy and materials. Therefore, in order to opt for the more sustainable practice of stir casting, it is important to consider its possible impacts on the life cycle. This paper consists of an environmental impact assessment linked with the fabrication of aluminum-based metal matrix nanocomposite through the stir casting process. In order to assess the ecological hotspots, an impact assessment “ReCiPe Endpoint” method was used. The outcomes reveal that huge amount of energy consumption during the melting phase is a major concern along with heat loss and it has major contribution toward environmental burden during the whole casting process. Moreover, the assessment results also indicated that this fabrication process has a highly negative impact on human health, which is justified by single score damage assessment result. Additionally, the study also highlighted that casting process has significant impact on mineral resource scarcity, freshwater ecotoxicity, marine ecotoxicity, and terrestrial ecotoxicity categories. Lessening the detrimental effects of the environment on human health may be achieved by switching from coal-based energy generation to renewable sources and utilizing innovative technologies in the area of raw material extraction.
... As an analytic, the broiler complex reveals how Asia's industrial poultry boom has produced a parallel maize boom and associated chemical risks (Castella et al., 2023;Kumar et al., 2022). Feed cropping for industrial poultry echoes the green revolution's boom in crop yields via high-yielding seeds, fertilizers, insecticides, and fungicides since the 1960s (Pingali, 2012). ...
Meat consumption and production in Asia have boomed over the last decade to meet growing regional and global demand. Asia now supplies around 40% of the global broiler or meat chicken industry. Dominant policy frameworks such as ‘One Health’ aim to manage the health risks associated with factory livestock farming, which has rightly become a major concern because of regular disease outbreaks. Yet this approach provides a limited basis for addressing broader risks and challenges associated with what we term the Asian ‘broiler complex’. This includes the intertwined networks of feed production, factory farming and meat distribution nodes through which health and environmental risks can accumulate and be amplified. By applying this broader lens, we highlight the need to better understand the industry's pressing environmental, animal welfare, social and health challenges to inform more integrated policy approaches.
To meet the growing demand for vegetable production and promote sustainable agriculture, it is imperative to implement effective input management and adopt eco-friendly farming practices. This study aims to compare the environmental impacts of conventional and organic tomato cultivation in the northern plains of India. This study utilizes SimaPro 9.1.1 software for a comprehensive cradle-to-farm gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), assessing production stages, identifying key environmental factors, and incorporating ReCiPe Midpoint and Endpoint methods with one-hectare as a functional unit. Findings reveal that conventional cultivation is more affected by fertilizer application and transplanting, while organic cultivation emphasizes transplanting and irrigation. Organic cultivation contributes 904.708 kg CO2, while conventional cultivation contributes 1307.917 kg CO2 to Global Warming potential. Switching to organic cultivation leads to a significant 35.04% decrease in all impact categories. Using the endpoint method, organic cultivation achieves a notable 27.16% reduction, scoring 58.30 compared to conventional cultivation's 80.04. The LCA analysis of tomato cultivation highlights Fertilizer application as the predominant environmental concern, emphasizing the need for sustainable techniques to minimize waste and mitigate environmental impacts. This study recommends imposing restrictions on fertilizer and pesticide use and formulating effective policies to promote the adoption of sustainable practices.
To meet the growing demand for vegetable production and promote sustainable agriculture, it is imperative to implement effective input management and adopt eco-friendly farming practices. This study aims to compare the environmental impacts of conventional and organic tomato cultivation in the northern plains of India. This study utilizes SimaPro 9.1.1 software for a comprehensive cradle-to-farm gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), assessing production stages, identifying key environmental factors, and incorporating ReCiPe Midpoint and Endpoint methods with one-hectare as a functional unit. Findings reveal that conventional cultivation is more affected by fertilization and transplanting, while organic cultivation emphasizes transplanting and irrigation. Organic cultivation contributes 904.708 kg CO 2 , while conventional cultivation contributes 1307.917 kg CO 2 to Global Warming potential. Switching to organic cultivation leads to a significant 35.04% decrease in all impact categories. Using the endpoint method, organic cultivation achieves a notable 27.16% reduction, scoring 58.30 compared to conventional cultivation's 80.04. The LCA analysis of tomato cultivation highlights fertilization as the predominant environmental concern, emphasizing the need for sustainable techniques to minimize waste and mitigate environmental impacts. This study recommends imposing restrictions on fertilizer and pesticide use, and formulating effective policies to promote the adoption of sustainable practices.
The key factor in sustainable biogas production is a feedstock whose production has no adverse impact on the environment. Since maize cultivation harms the environment, biogas plant operators seek a more sustainable feedstock. Common reed is an invasive species mown as part of wetland conservation measures, or it can be harvested from paludiculture. This study aimed to investigate wet co-digestion of maize silage with 10%, 30%, and 50% content of common reed silage using the biochemical methane potential (BMP) test. In addition, the potential energy generated and avoided greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were calculated. The substitution of maize silage with 10%, 30%, and 50% content of reed silage reduced the methane (CH4) yield by 13%, 28%, and 35%, respectively. A disadvantage of reed silage addition was increased ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentrations in biogas. Although substituting maize silage with reed silage decreases the CH4 yield, the co-digestion of maize and reed biomass from conservation or paludiculture may positively affect environmental aspects of energy generation. The substitution of maize with reed in biogas plants decreases the area used for maize cultivation and reduces GHG emissions.
