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15: Lewis-dot diagram of triplet versus singlet oxygen. Triplet oxygen is a diradical molecule due to its two unpaired electrons that have parallel spins to each other (shown in red); it also has four lone pairs of electrons and a single covalent bond. Singlet oxygen is a nonradical molecule and has a double bond (shown in red), where the electrons have antiparallel spins to each other.

15: Lewis-dot diagram of triplet versus singlet oxygen. Triplet oxygen is a diradical molecule due to its two unpaired electrons that have parallel spins to each other (shown in red); it also has four lone pairs of electrons and a single covalent bond. Singlet oxygen is a nonradical molecule and has a double bond (shown in red), where the electrons have antiparallel spins to each other.

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is increasingly being recognized as an attractive alternative to conventional forms of cancer therapies. Already clinically approved, this procedure is minimally invasive; by combining light, a small-molecule photosensitizer (PS), and molecular oxygen, reactive oxygen species can be produced in situ, causing damage to vit...

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