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Nowadays waste has become a vital part of our economy, as a by-product of economic activity. It originates from businesses, the government and households and following appropriate management techniques, it can be used as an input to economic activity for instance through material or energy recovery. Waste is produced by all activities and although...
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Citations
... Composting is a biochemical process carried out under aerobic conditions in which microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi break down the complex organic matter into simpler stable humic substance (Waqas et al., 2019). In the developing countries most of the MSW 55 generated are comprised up to 70% of the organic waste and therefore suitable for the composting (Table 2) (Halkos and Petrou, 2016). Hence, such organic waste need to be separate at source for furthering the process (UNEP, 2016). ...
... However, many factors need to be keep under consideration for the effective composting such as adequate air supply, temperature, moisture and carbon to nitrogen ratio (Waqas et al., 2018b). Similarly, there are also various technologies from simple windrow composting to highly sophisticated systems such as aerated, non-aerated static pile, in-vessel composting and vermicomposting for treating organic matters (Halkos and Petrou, 2016). This technology of waste treatment could be conomical only if the facility is at or near to the capacity (Anjum et al., 2016). ...
... This treatment process involves both biological and mechanical treatment (Defra, 2013). The benefits of MBT are comprised of low space requirement with the recovery of energy and valuable materials (Halkos and Petrou, 2016). ...
The increasing anthropogenic activities as a result of significant growth in population, urbanization, and industrialization has resulted in a tremendous amount of municipal solid waste (MSW). The municipal authorities are under extreme pressure from the epidemiological evidence towards human and environment as a result of injudicious waste disposal to landfills without any material recovery. In this article, the current status and limitations in treating MSW by the developing countries have been overviewed with a case study from Peshawar-Pakistan. The daily waste production in Peshawar city is about 650.8 tons with 0.4 kg/capita/day. Among the total waste, food waste contributes 14.3% fallowed by plastic waste (4%), paper (2.7%), glass (1.2%), wood (1.1%) and metals/rubber (0.6%). The waste collection efficiency is very low and about 40% of waste are collected whereas 60% of the waste remains in streets or at collection points. Currently there well-organized and specialized waste management practices such as composting, incineration, gasification, pyrolysis, biological treatment, and recycling for treating waste according to environmental deliberation. The directives of the developed countries had strictly imposed the regulations to increase the waste recycling and material recovery whereas in the developing countries the lack of proper legislation, planning, awareness regarding waste reduction has worsened the municipal solid waste-related problems. Moreover, in this article, an attempt has been made towards various important steps that need to incorporate in formulating the strategy for sustainable MSW management along with various aspects for their assessment in term of their sustainability in the developing countries.
In just a few decades, the increase in municipal solid waste (liquid and solid, hazardous and non-hazardous) has become the most serious environmental problem in the delta regions. This increase was caused by population growth, industrialization, and the rapidity of urbanization. Indeed, the delta’s soils and sediments, surface and groundwater, marine environment, atmosphere, and terrestrial ecosystems are all locally adversely and significantly impacted by it. Utilizing integrated waste management allows for the effective reduction, collection, recycling, and disposal of waste products produced by institutional, commercial, industrial, and residential land uses without endangering the environment. It can help improve air and water quality and reduce the spread of disease. It can also help to decrease costly inefficiencies, promote the growth of new markets, and result in the creation of jobs. Integrated waste management also helps society as a whole by reducing unpleasant odors and raising the standard of living for disadvantaged groups like the recycling sector. This chapter focuses on the actions to reduce air and soil pollution from solid waste in deltas, with different strategies to protect water-related ecosystems from releasing hazardous chemicals and materials. Some recommendations to ensure environment protection in deltas using sustainable waste management are provided.
The stone mining and construction sectors are crucial for Thailand's economic advancement. Yet, they face issues such as substantial stone waste accumulation, causing environmental pollution and the resource‐intensive nature of concrete production. Existing studies lack comprehensive coverage of Thailand's specific environmental challenges related to these industries and their sustainable solutions. There is also a knowledge gap concerning region‐specific influences and the relationship between stone dust and concrete sustainability within Thailand's unique geographical and socio‐economic context. Furthermore, sustainable practices in stone dust concrete within Thailand are insufficiently investigated. To bridge these gaps, this study examines the viability of the stone dust concrete business and its potential to mitigate social and environmental challenges. The research reveals alignment between the stone dust concrete business model and stakeholder needs through interviews with industry stakeholders. Subsequently, barriers like the absence of sustainable concrete standards, higher costs, and limited consumer demand for eco‐friendly products are identified.
Sustainable development is a global imperative achieved through environmentally conscious policies, green technology adoption, and efficient waste management. This comprehensive review examines the intertwined roles of environmental policy, green technologies, and waste management in advancing sustainability. It investigates the significance of policy and governance in setting environmental standards, emphasizes green technologies' transformative potential, explores renewable energy integration, delves into sustainable urban planning, and underscores effective waste management. Environmental policy and governance establish the framework for environmental protection, necessitating robust policies and penalties. Green technologies drive sustainability by curbing emissions and optimizing resource use across sectors. Integrating renewables demands smart grid innovation for stability. Sustainable urban planning fosters eco-friendly cities with energy-efficient buildings, public transit, and waste strategies. Waste management policies encourage reduction, recycling, and safe disposal. Aligning policy, green tech, and waste management is pivotal for sustainable development.
Waste management service is an important issue that needs great attention and support from the government because of its impact on public health and the physical environment. The purpose of this research is to investigate the linkage between privatized waste management (waste sorting by category, waste collection and transfer, waste treatment, waste transport, waste disposal, general cleaning) on service performance. The data collection instrument used was a questionnaire which was administrated to a total sample of 625 Omani resident unit. Reliability and validity tests employed. The research findings indicate significant correlation between waste management service practice and service performance. Based on the findings, strategic recommendations are proposed to implement the Privatization of waste management service for the private sector in Oman.
Renewable energy plays a significant role in the world for obvious environmental and economic reasons with respect to the increasing energy crisis and fossil fuel environmental problems. Biomass energy, one of the most promising renewable energy technologies, has drawn increasing attention in recent years. However, biomass technologies still vary without an integrated framework. Considering the theory of a technological paradigm and implementing a literature analysis, biomass technological development was found to follow a three-stage technological paradigm, which can be divided into: BETP (biomass energy technological paradigm) competition, BETP diffusion, and BETP shift. Further, the literature review indicates that waste, like municipal solid waste (MSW), has the potential to be an important future trend in the world and waste-to-energy (WTE) is designed for sustainable waste management. Among WTE, anaerobic digestion has the potential to produce energy from waste sustainably, safely, and cost-effectively. The new BETP technological framework proposed in this paper may offer new research ideas and provide a significant reference for scholars.
