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Radiation force is a universal phenomenon in any wave motion, electromagnetic or acoustic. Although acoustic and electromagnetic waves are both characterized by time variation of basic quantities, they are also both capable of exerting a steady force called radiation force. In 1902, Lord Rayleigh published his classic work on the radiation force of...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... progress has been made in the theory of radiation force. Leon Brillouin (Fig. 9) performed a comprehensive analysis of radiation force physics and pointed out the tensorial character of the pressure in the sound wave so that it is radiation force rather than ''radiation pressure'' (Brillouin ...
Citations
... Over next years there have been many theoretical and experimental investigations reporting on the radiation stress, that were summarized in a number of reviews, e.g. [110][111][112]. ...
... where ρ denotes the density in the undeformed configuration, X X X = [u v] T is the particle displacement vector in 2-D space and σ σ σ is the first Piola-Kirchoff stress tensor. The spatial derivatives in Eq. (112) are taken with respect to the undeformed coordinates. For a complete displacement-based description of wave motion, Eq. (112) is supplemented by constitutive and geometric relationships. ...
... Combining Eqs. (112), (113) and the formulas for the stress tensor components, grouping the terms and introducing non-dimensional time, τ = ωt, yields ...
In this paper we review recent progress on
the analysis, experimental exploration, and application
of elastic wave propagation in weakly nonlinear media
and metamaterials.We provide a detailed technical discussion
overviewing two broad areas of active research:
(1) discrete nonlinear periodic systems and metamaterials,
and (2) continuous nonlinear systems with a
focus on nonlinear guided waves. The specific intent
is to introduce the reader to asymptotic analysis methods
currently being employed in the field of study, to
highlight their results to date, and to motivate followon
studies. Where appropriate, we include details on experimental explorations and envisioned applications,
both of which have received relatively sparse attention
to date.
... It consists of the formation, growth, and implosion of gas bubbles within the fluid subjected to an ultrasonic field. The gas bubbles are generated and then expand and contract in tissue when ultrasonic pressure goes from a positive peak to a negative peak [31]. Despite the fact that cavitation nuclei are not present in human and animal tissues and blood, we assume a priori that nuclei exist, and we focus instead on the dynamics of an acoustically small gas bubble in a Newtonian fluid undergoing radial oscillations-all key approximations intended to simplify the model while retaining most of the essential underlying physics [4,32]. ...
The use of therapeutic ultrasounds (TUs) is widespread in both human and veterinary medicine. In fact, mechanical vibration is the simplest and purest form of vibratory energy that is applied either in physical therapies or in rehabilitation medicine. In particular, the use of low-frequency TUs to treat equine conditions is a new and evolving field. In the equine industry, osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most challenging causes of lameness. Despite its prevalence and the advancements in its treatment, there is still no therapy whose results are completely decisive. Little is described in the literature about the use of TUs in horses’ joints, particularly regarding its use to treat OA. For these reasons, the aim of this study was to preliminarily assess the efficacy of low-frequency ultrasound in two horses with metacarpo/metatarso-phalangeal joint OA. The reduction in lameness was significant in both treated cases, pointing to the effective therapeutic action of TUs. However, to better evaluate the long-term effects in athlete horses, it is necessary to include in the research a greater number of cases and a control group.
... The transducer is operated at a low voltage between 15 and 25 V to reduce self-heating and acoustic streaming (Sarvazyan et al. 2010). Data acquisition rates were 500-650 Hz for the lower-and higher-speed trials, respectively. ...
An ultrasound-based Lagrangian particle tracking (echo-LPT) method is used to investigate path-dependent quantities for confined vortex rings in dense suspensions with volume fractions up to 40%. The echo-LPT measurement technique is successfully validated through a close comparison of the pixel displacements collected with established ultrasound image velocimetry methods. The carrier phase of the suspension is tracked through the vortex ring in transitional and turbulent circulation-based Reynolds numbers of ReΓ=2.4\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Re_{\mathrm {\Gamma }}=2.4$$\end{document}, 4.2×104\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$4.2\times 10^{4}$$\end{document}. Furthermore, fluid transport and residence time are obtained using pathline extension techniques for entrained and recirculating particles in order to compare with traditional Eulerian analysis. The fluid transport and residence time results show that the entrained fluid originates from similar locations and generally indicate that there is no dependence or effect of changing volume fraction. These results show that the convective entrainment mechanisms for the forming vortex rings are insensitive to changes in ReΓ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Re_{\mathrm {\Gamma }}$$\end{document} and volume fraction. Exceptions are found for the volume fraction 40% cases where increases in nonlinear fluid behaviour and particle–particle interaction are thought to inhibit vortex-ring roll-up and reduce entrainment.
Graphic abstract
... ALM has been a useful tool for the analysis of non-contact and preprocessed samples [19][20][21][22], as there are no special requirements for the physical and chemical properties of levitated samples. It has been used in biomedical analysis [23], nano-assembly [24], crystallization [25], nano-emulsification [26], and other applications [27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Typically, ALM may work under a temperature range between − 55 and 1727 • C and can levitate droplets with a diameter from 0.2 to 2 mm [34]. ...
Fuel droplet evaporation is essential to the generation of flammable mixtures in thermal engines. Generally, liquid fuel is injected directly into the hot, high-pressure atmosphere to form scattered droplets. Many investigations on droplet evaporation have been conducted with techniques involving the influence of boundaries, such as suspended wires. Ultrasonic levitation is a non-contact and non-destructive technology that can avoid the impact of hanging wire on droplet shape and heat transfer. Besides, it can simultaneously levitate multiple droplets and allow them to associate with each other or be used to study droplet instability behaviors. This paper reviews the influences of the acoustic field on levitated droplets, the evaporation characteristics of acoustically levitated droplets, and the prospects and limitations of ultrasonic suspension methods for droplet evaporation, which can serve as references for relevant studies.
... Ultrasound has become a very important technology that aids in diagnosis and therapy of many diseases that has complex intracellular pathways leading to pathogenesis. Treatment modalities that influence these pathways at the intracellular level can be very effective [387]. The research studies mentioned above showed that ultrasound can provide permeability to the drug molecules, apart from its excellent application in diagnosis. ...
Biomaterials and pertaining formulations have been very successful in various diagnostic and therapeutic applications because of its ability to overcome pharmacological limitations. Some of them have gained significant focus in the recent decade for their theranostic properties. Exosomes can be grouped as biomaterials, since they consist of various biological micro/macromolecules and possess all the properties of a stable biomaterial with size in nano range. Significant research has gone into isolation and exploitation of exosomes as potential theranostic agent. However, the limitations in terms of yield, efficacy, and target specificity are continuously being addressed. On the other hand, several nano/microformulations are responsive to physical or chemical alterations and were successfully stimulated by tweaking the physical characteristics of the surrounding environment they are in. Some of them are termed as photodynamic, sonodynamic or thermodynamic therapeutic systems. In this regard, ultrasound and acoustic systems were extensively studied for its ability towards altering the properties of the systems to which they were applied on. In this review, we have detailed about the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of exosomes and ultrasound separately, consisting of their conventional applications, drawbacks, and developments for addressing the challenges. The information were categorized into various sections that provide complete overview of the isolation strategies and theranostic applications of exosomes in various diseases. Then the ultrasound-based disease diagnosis and therapy were elaborated, with special interest towards the use of ultrasound in enhancing the efficacy of nanomedicines and nanodrug delivery systems, Finally, we discussed about the ability of ultrasound in enhancing the diagnostic and therapeutic properties of exosomes, which could be the future of theranostics.
... Over next years there have been many theoretical and experimental investigations reporting on the radiation stress, that were summarized in a number of reviews, e.g. [110][111][112]. ...
... where ρ denotes the density in the undeformed configuration, X X X = [u v] T is the particle displacement vector in 2-D space and σ σ σ is the first Piola-Kirchoff stress tensor. The spatial derivatives in Eq. (112) are taken with respect to the undeformed coordinates. For a complete displacement-based description of wave motion, Eq. (112) is supplemented by constitutive and geometric relationships. ...
... Combining Eqs. (112), (113) and the formulas for the stress tensor components, grouping the terms and introducing non-dimensional time, τ = ωt, yields ...
In this paper we review recent progress on the analysis, experimental exploration, and application of elastic wave propagation in weakly nonlinear media and metamaterials. We provide a detailed technical discussion overviewing two broad areas of active research: (1) discrete nonlinear periodic systems and metamaterials, and (2) continuous nonlinear systems with a focus on nonlinear guided waves. The specific intent is to introduce the reader to asymptotic analysis methods currently being employed in the field of study, to highlight their results to date, and to motivate follow-on studies. Where appropriate, we include details on experimental explorations and envisioned applications, both of which have received relatively sparse attention to date.
... The force originates from the momentum transfer from the field to the object due to scattering, reflection, and absorption. The acoustic radiation force acts throughout the object, but owing to the overall momentum conservation, the radiation force can be reduced to an integration of the time-averaged momentumflux tensor over an arbitrary closed surface enclosing the whole object [1]. Acoustic radiation forces have been studied for a long time in regards to sound waves of different forms [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. ...
We investigate the transverse trapping force acting on a small particle on or off the central axis of zero-order finite Bessel beams. Combining the simulated fields with the Gorkov force potential, the transverse trapping behaviors for small objects are analyzed, and the reversal of the trapping behaviors is recovered when varying the paraxiality parameter of the Bessel beam. The results prove the possibility of using axisymmetric Bessel beams to trap both dense and stiff particles as well as light and soft ones. The particles can be trapped at the maximum central pressure in the main lobe and also the maximum pressure of the other transverse locations. A lossy acoustic metastructure with the ability to decouple the phase and amplitude modulations is used to generate the desired sound field, which is used to trap a foam ball as an example. Our research opens a promising avenue to the design and development of simplified acoustic tweezers.
... Using ultrasound to enhance drug delivery efficiency has been investigated during the past years. Usually, it is believed that ultrasound can generate mechanical and thermal effects to increase tissue permeability and further the diffusivity of agents (Yuh et al 2005, Dromi et al 2007, Pitt 2008, Frenkel 2008, Hancock et al 2009, O'Neill et al 2009, Deckers and Moonen 2010, Sarvazyan et al 2010, de Smet et al 2011, Ranjan et al 2012, Grüll and Langereis 2012, Ziadloo et al 2013, Lee et al 2013, Tebebi et al 2017, Yeh and Juárez 2021. On the other hand, the feasibility and efficiency of using ultrasound to induce interstitial fluid streaming to enhance delivery via a convection-based method are much less investigated. ...
... 2.1. Background of theories and a general description about SIF-TUM The conventional theories, such as ARF (Eckart 1948, Lighthill 1978, Sarvazyan et al 1998, Aglyamov et al 2007, Bruus 2011, 2012a, 2012b, Doherty et al 2013, Wu 2018 or pulsed ultrasound-induced mechanical and thermal effects (Yuh et al 2005, Dromi et al 2007, Pitt 2008, Frenkel 2008, Hancock et al 2009, O'Neill et al 2009, Deckers and Moonen 2010, Sarvazyan et al 2010, de Smet et al 2011, Grüll and Langereis 2012, Ranjan et al 2012, Ziadloo et al 2013, Lee et al 2013, Tebebi et al 2017, have been well studied and widely used to quantify ARF-induced tissue displacement, shear waves for measuring tissue stiffness, and ultrasound-induced tissue thermal effects. Unfortunately, these theories failed to predict the SIF-TUM phenomenon because they consider tissue a single-phase material (and another possible reason can be found in the supplementary materials Figure 1. ...
Objective:
This study aims to theoretically investigate the dynamics of ultrasound-induced interstitial fluid streaming and tissue recovery after ultrasound exposure for potentially accelerating nanoagent transport and controlling its distribution in tissue.
Approach:
Starting from fundamental equations, the dynamics of ultrasound-induced interstitial fluid streaming and tissue relaxation after ultrasound exposure were modeled, derived and simulated. Also, both ultrasound-induced mechanical and thermal effects were considered in the models.
Main results:
The proposed new mechanism was named squeezing interstitial fluid via transfer of ultrasound momentum (SIF-TUM). It means that an ultrasound beam can squeeze the tissue in a small focal volume from all the directions, and generate a macroscopic streaming of interstitial fluid and a compression of tissue solid matrix. After the ultrasound is turned off, the solid matrix will recover and can generate a backflow. Rather than the ultrasound pressure itself or intensity, the streaming velocity is determined by the dot product of the ultrasound pressure gradient and its conjugate. Tissue and nanoagent properties also affect the streaming and recovery velocities.
Significance:
The mobility of therapeutic or diagnostic agents, such as drugs, drug carriers, or imaging contrast agents, in the interstitial space of many diseased tissues, such as tumors, is usually extremely low because of the inefficiency of the natural transport mechanisms. Therefore, the interstitial space is one of the major barriers hindering agent deliveries. The ability to externally accelerate agent transport and control its distribution is highly desirable. Potentially, SIF-TUM can be a powerful technology to accelerate agent transport in deep tissue and control the distribution if appropriate parameters are selected.
... Acoustic radiation pressure or more precisely acoustic radiation force ( Figure 1.3) is a hydrodynamic force exerted at the interface between two media with different acoustical properties. Various physical effects can produce acoustic radiation force [35] like change in the density of the energy of the propagating wave due to wave absorption or scattering. This absorption and scattering can result from the presence of inclusions, walls or fluidic interfaces. ...
Acoustical tweezers based on focused acoustical vortices open some tremendous perspectives for the in vitro and in vivo remote and selective manipulation of millimetric down to micrometric objects, with combined selectivity and applied forces out of reach with any other contactless manipulation technique. The first demonstration of 3D particle trapping and manipulation with acoustical vortices was achieved in 2016 with an array of transducers driven by programmable electronics. More recently it has been proposed to use holographic acoustical tweezers based on Archimedes-Fermat spiraling interdigitated transducers (S-IDTs) to design miniaturized acoustical tweezers compatible with a standard microscopy environment. In this PhD, we have explored the possibilities offered by these kinds of acoustical tweezers to address the following unsolved issues: 1) Manipulate selectively and organize human cells with large forces (200pN) without pre-tagging and without affecting the cells viability. 2) Create ultra-high frequency tweezers (250 MHz) with high spatial selectivity able to trap and position 4 microns individual microparticles with NanoNewton forces. 3) Manipulate microparticles in 3D in a free environment and translate them axially without motion of the transducer. These goals have been achieved by developing (i) a new numerical code based the combination of Finite Element simulation of the source and Angular Spectrum propagation of the wave and (ii) appropriate microfabrication procedures, which helped us design and fabricate tweezers with the good capabilities. This work open perspectives in microbiology to study cells interaction and their response to mechanical solicitation but also for acoustic forces spectroscopy.
... Acoustic radiation force can be caused due to the absorption or the reflection of an acoustic wave during its propagation in tissue. Because the contribution of absorption is dominant in tissue and assuming plane wave propagation, the acoustic radiation force to tissue is [15], [54]: ...
The mechanical and electrical properties of soft tissues are relative to soft tissues’ pathological state. Modern medical imaging devices have shown a trend to multi-modal imaging, which will provide complementary functional information to improve the accuracy of disease diagnosis. However, no method or system can simultaneously measure the mechanical and electrical properties of the soft tissue. In this study, we proposed a novel dual-modal imaging method integrated by shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI) and Magneto-acousto-electrical tomography (MAET) to measure soft tissue's elasticity and conductivity simultaneously. A dual-modal imaging system based on a linear array transducer is built, and the imaging performances of MAET and SWEI were respectively evaluated by phantoms experiment and
in vitro
experiment. Conductivity phantom experiments show that the MAET in this dual-modal system can image conductivity gradient as low as 0.4 S/m. The phantom experiments show that the reconstructed 2-D elasticity maps of the phantoms with inclusions with a diameter larger than 5 mm are relatively accurate.
In vitro
experiments show that the elasticity parameter can significantly distinguish the changes in tissue before and after heating. This study first proposes a method that can simultaneously obtain tissue elasticity and electrical conductivity to the best of our knowledge. Although this paper just carried out the proof of concept experiments of the new method, it demonstrates great potential for disease diagnosis in the future.
