Table 5 - uploaded by Omer S Alamoudi
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To assess the prevalence and the pattern of medical disorders by affected system among patients admitted with medical disorders; to determine the frequency of the most common diagnoses and the length of stay for hospitalized patients. The records of 5594 hospitalized with common medical diseases were analyzed from January 2000 to December 2005. Fro...
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Context 1
... of hospitalized patients (69.2%) didn't have an associated co-morbidity and only 2.3% had 3 associated co-morbidity or more as shown in Table 3. About 17% of the patients had cardiovascular disease as an associated condition followed by endocrine and metabolic disorders (8%); infectious diseases (4.7%) and respiratory disease 3.3% as shown in Table 4. Table 5 shows that the overall mean length of stay of all patients was 8.3 ± 6.3 days. Infectious diseases (9.2 ± 6.9), oncology (9.1 ± 7.5), and respiratory disease (8.9 ± 6.3) had the highest mean length of stay while gastrointestinal disorders had the lowest mean length of stay (6.7 ± 6.4 days). ...
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Background:
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Objective:
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Introduction
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Patients and methods
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Citations
... 8 However, a study done in Saudi Arabia showed that the prevalence of COPD among hospitalized patients was found to be 2.4% which is very much lower in comparison to our study. 9 Nepal is a low-income country and has higher predisposing factors, so the prevalence of COPD seems higher. 4,5 The majority of patients were in the age group of 60-74 years with a mean age of 70.62±10 years which is slightly different than the previous study where the 71-80 age group was major and the mean age group was 73.5±2.76 years. ...
Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a prevalent respiratory condition with permanent and progressively decreasing airflow limitation. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease causes more than 3 million deaths per year globally, making it the third leading cause of death globally. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among patients admitted to the Department of Medicine in a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Medicine of a tertiary care centre. Data from 1 January 2022 to 30 December 2022 were collected between 15 June 2023 to 30 June 2023 from the hospital records and reviewed. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee. All the patients admitted to the Department of Medicine during the study period were included in the study. The patients with incomplete medical records were excluded from the study. Convenience sampling method was used. The point estimate was calculated at a 95% Confidence Interval. Results: Among 280 patients, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was found in 68 (24.29%) (19.27-29.31, 95% Confidence Interval) with a mean age of 70.62±10.39 years and a mean pack year of 16.72±7.67. Conclusions: The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among patients admitted to the Department of Medicine was similar to the other studies done in similar settings.
... P = 0.007). On the other hand, for those patients who got hospitalized, there was no significant difference in the total hospital length of stay between the two groups (5 [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] vs 6 [4-9] days); P = 0.107 in high-adherent and low adherent groups, respectively (see Table 2). ...
... It might also be due to the improvement of care provided to the patients in our institution. 10 Moreover, our study showed no difference between groups regarding the total length of hospital stay. This might be due to the small sample size enrolled in our study. ...
Introduction
There is a very limited information and studies on the impact of adherence to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) medications in Saudi Arabia. We hypothesized that the adherence to COPD medication in our tertiary hospital is poor and can lead to frequent ED visits and longer hospitalization stays. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of medication adherence in patients with COPD on emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalization.
Methods
A single-center retrospective observational study included patients with a COPD exacerbation, who were admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from October 2017 to November 2020. The primary outcome was the rate of emergency department (ED) visit in one year. Secondary outcomes were hospitalization after ED visit and total hospital length of stay. Medication adherence was evaluated by using Fixed Medication Possession Ratio (FMPR). Patients with score of ≥0.80 were classified as high-adherent groups while patients with ratio <0.80 were on low-adherent groups.
Results
A total of 266 patients enrolled in the study. Of those 266 patients, 139 patients were on high-adherent group and 127 were on low-adherent group. There was a significant difference between the high-adherent group and low-adherent group in the incidence of ED visit in one year 62 (44.6%) vs 73 (57.5%); P < 0.036, and hospitalization after the ED visit 26 (18.7%) vs 42 (33.1%); P = 0.007. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the total hospital length of stay.
Conclusion
Among patients with COPD, there was a significant increase in ED visit per one year that leads to more hospitalization among patients with low adherence compared to patients with high adherence. This study highlights the importance of improving the medication adherence in patients with COPD.
... With this predicted expansion, scholars have to bring older adults' healthcare into focus through assessing prescription medication quality and screening geriatrics for adherence to Beers Criteria. A study conducted in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia to examine the characteristics of hospitalized patient found that older adults accounted for 16.8% of the population admitted to the hospital [15]. There were no data to examine the pattern of medication prescribing in older adults in Saudi Arabia. ...
Background:
The aging process makes geriatric populations more prone to various chronic diseases. Such diseases require older patients to be on more medications than any other age group and make them more susceptible to adverse drug events related to potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs).
Aim:
To identify the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications among older people and explore the most commonly prescribed PIMs in hospitalized patients.
Design and setting:
A retrospective study conducted in a large tertiary hospital among patients hospitalized in a 4 year period from January 2015 to December 2018.
Methods:
The 2019 Beers Criteria were used to assess PIMs in all inpatient prescribed medications focusing on the first class (i.e., drug/drug class to be avoided in older adults).
Results:
The mean age was 75.17 ± 7.66 years. A total of 684 (80.6%) patients were prescribed at least one medication listed in the first-class category of the 2019 Beers Criteria. Top five drugs were proton pump inhibitors (40.3%), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (10.2%), metoclopramide (9.3%), benzodiazepines (8.4%), and insulin (5.4%).
Conclusions:
The prevalence of PIMs is high among older patients admitted to the hospital. More efforts are needed to investigate the potential reasons and develop action plans to improve concordance to Beers Criteria among healthcare providers.
... In Saudi Arabia, a studyconducted in Jeddah in western Saudi Arabia near Taif found that non communicable diseases (NCDs, diabetes mellitus(DM), ischemic heart disease(IHD), Hypertension, and chronic renal failure) were the leading reasons for hospitalization. 12 Another study conducted in the Assir region in Saudi Arabia,found that cardiovascular diseases, DM, and hypertension were the main causes s for hospitalization. 13 Given the importance of hospital discharge data and its limited use in Saudi Arabian hospitals, this study aimed to utilize existing electronic data on hospital discharges from 2005 to 2014 to identify the main reasons for hospitalization in an attempt to effectively utilize these data, demonstrate theirbenefits and build a basis for their regular use in the future to assist decisionmakers and researchers. ...
... NCDs (DM, hypertension,IHD, and renal failure) were among the top ten causes of hospitalization. This is consistent with a study conducted in other regions in Saudi Arabia, that also found these to be among the top causes of admission 12 . Similarly, a study conducted in AssirRegion, Saudi Arabia found cardiovascular diseases, DM, and hypertension to be the leading causes of hospitalization. ...
... Cerebrovascular disease was found in only 2.0% of patients in this study. 7 The global burden of ND is approximately 20%, the majority being in the developing countries and still a significant portion is managed by non-neurologist physicians. 8 In a community based survey from the Eastern province of SA, the reported crude prevalence of ND was 131/1000 population. ...
... In a study from SA, analyzing 5,594 admitted patients with medical disease according to systemic involvement, CNS involvement was identified in nearly 5 % of cases and cerebrovascular events were ranked tenth among the sixteen most common diagnoses in hospitalized patients. 7 The estimated burden of ND in our study was lower compared with other hospital based studies, reporting a burden range of 21-24%. 3,11,12 However, an increase in absolute number and percentage of patients with neurological diseases has been observed over the past 4 years. ...
Objective:
To assess the burden and describe the pattern of neurological disorders requiring admissions in a teaching hospital of Al Khobar.
Methods:
This is a retrospective, cross sectional study, carried out in the Neurology Department of King Fahd Hospital of the University from January 2009 to December 2016. Neurological disorders were grouped as ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, transient ischemic attack, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, seizure disorders, central nervous system infection, multiple sclerosis, neuropathies, myopathies, headache, dementia and miscellaneous group. Data was entered and analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).
Results:
The records of 1,317 patients admitted under Neurology Service were analyzed. Out of that, 740 (56.2%) were male and 577 (43.8%) were female. Mean age was 46.9+\-24 years (mean+\-standard deviation). Ischemic stroke was the most common diagnosis (32%) followed by seizures (20%). Multiple sclerosis accounted for around 8% and central nervous system infections 5% of neurological admission.
Conclusion:
Ischemic stroke was found to be the most common etiology for hospitalization in our study. The results of our study are similar to previous literature. An urgent need to control major risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension is warranted to minimize the burden of stroke.
... It is estimated to be around 34.1% in males and 27.6% in females ( et al., 2011). It is the top frequent disease (10.5%) in Alqurashi hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia (Alamoudi et al., 2009). ...
... The normally appearing myelinated axon count for the entire nerve was then calculated by multiplying the mean axon count per counted area by the nerve cross-sectional area and dividing the product by 1311.8 µm . 2 The same procedure was repeated to count the abnormally appearing myelinated axons in each nerve section. A percentage is calculated of the normally appearing to the abnormally appearing myelinated axons for each nerve section and the results were plotted graphically. ...
Background: The possible protective role of Cleome Viscosa (Cl V) in experimental peripheral neuropathy was investigated in
diabetic (streptozotocin [STZ] induced) Albino rats.
Material and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups; control, sham control, experimental group
that received STZ and a protection group that received Cl V 4 weeks before STZ. Sciatic nerve specimens were subjected to light
and electron microscopy as well as morphometric analysis.
Results: The sciatic nerve in diabetic rats showed axonal shrinkage, axonmyelin separation, onion-bulb, vacuolization of the
myelin sheath with formation of fermentation chambers, thickening of the epineurium, as well as sub-epineurial edema.
Administration of Cl V prior to induction of diabetes was associated with decreased DPN histopathological abnormalities.
Conclusion: Cl V administration minimized the histological manifestations of STZ induced DPN.
... Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with approximate 17.5 million deaths in 2012, and figures expected to rise if no changes are made to reduce risk factor and increase preventative strategies [1]. The burden of CVD flares within developing countries such as the East Mediterranean region that includes Oman, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, and Egypt [2,3]. Unfortunately, westernized urbanization known better for its low physical activity and fatty diet, which increase the risk for CVD, has been widely adopted in these countries [2,4,5]. ...
... The burden of CVD flares within developing countries such as the East Mediterranean region that includes Oman, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, and Egypt [2,3]. Unfortunately, westernized urbanization known better for its low physical activity and fatty diet, which increase the risk for CVD, has been widely adopted in these countries [2,4,5]. In addition, high rate of consanguinity amplifies the situation by limiting healthy gene diversity [6,7]. ...
Aims: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the primary cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with metabolic syndrome (MS) increasing their risk. We aimed to investigate the effects of oligonol
on cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy overweight and obese Saudi females.
Study Design: A double blind case/control design.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out during December 2015 to June 2016 in the Food, Nutrition and life style research unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre.
Subjects and Methods: A double blind case/control design was employed. 60 young, apparently healthy overweight and obese females were enrolled, and divided randomly into two groups to take
either Oligonol or placebo for 12 weeks without dietary or lifestyle restrictions. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure were measured and fasting blood samples taken before,
and after supplement. Glucose, lipid profile, Apolipoprotein B, Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured, and Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) calculated in all blood samples. Obtained data was used to diagnose MS.
Results: 25 subjects in placebo group and 22 in Oligonol group completed the study. No adverse effects were noted. Oligonol improved mean triglycerides, AIP, and hs-CRP, and decreased the
number of subjects with high triglycerides, diastolic blood pressure, and WC, hence MS.
Conclusion: Oligonol appears to decrease the risk of CVD in obese and overweight Saudi females by controlling or decreasing components of the metabolic syndrome, hs-CRP, and AIP.
... Despite an earlier research [16] showing chronic liver disease as the most representative disease of gastroenterology system, the epidemiologic contributions to be most frequent diagnosis with chronic liver disease as fourth most locally prevalent disease [18]. Most likely explanation for chronic liver disease being the topmost disease lies not only in high prevalence of chronic viral hepatitis but also in possible readmission of the same patients time and again because of progressively complicating course of illness. ...
... With exception of Elias et al. which reported as 21 to 30 years age group to be the most frequently involved age group, most researchers report similar or relatively older age group cases i.e. (>45 years) in contemporary studies [14] [16] [17]. Majorly in different to researches, length of patients stay at ward was less than 7 days (61%), however, in our study average length of stay was slightly higher than reported by certain other researches [14] [15] [18]. ...
... The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia reported similar prevalence pattern of some disease, to the West. The cardiac and respiratory disorders were reported as the most frequent and diabetes and ischemic heart disease were the important causes for hospitalization [5]. In most oil-rich middle east countries including Saudi Arabia, there have been drastic changes in lifestyles and hence, several CVD-risk factors which include smoking, eating high fat (especially, red meat) and low-fiber diets, increased waist-to-hip ratio, increased blood cholesterol and sugar, etc. ...
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) constitutes one of the major causes of deaths and disabilities, globally claiming 17.3 million lives a year. Incidence of CVD is expected to rise to 25 million by 2030, and Saudi Arabia, already witnessing a rapid rise in CVDs, is no exception. Statins are the drugs of choice in established CVDs. In the recent past, evidence was increasingly suggesting benefits in primary prevention. But over the last decade Saudi Arabia has a witnessed significant rise in CVD-related deaths. Smoking, high-fat, low-fiber dietary intake, lack of exercise, sedentary life, high blood cholesterol and glucose levels were reported as frequent CVD-risk factors among Saudis, who may therefore be considered for primary prevention with statin. The prevalence of dyslipidemia, in particular, indicates that treatment should be directed at reducing the disorder with lipid-modifying agents and therapeutic lifestyle changes.
... In this study infections were the second causes of hospital admission and these include bacterial, fungal and viral infections. This observation is in contrast with other studies in which infectious diseases are the leading causes of hospital admission [16] . This difference may be due to the fact that our study reviewed only patients above 10 years, excluding children from 1to 10 years, since children under this age group are vulnerable to various infections [10] and it could also be that there has been improvement in the management of infectious diseases as was suggested by Adeyokunnu et al [17] . ...
... Research has also been conducted to show that a number of patients, with a variety of diagnoses, are admitted to hospital when it is not essential and can remain in hospital unnecessarily [5]. However, our research is in contrast with this study, the majority of the patients stayed in the hospital up to 7 days and the findings of our study are also in agreement with a study conducted by [16] . Patients with stroke had the highest mean length of stay, in the olden days in Nigeria most people believe that stroke is a result of a spell cast on the patient by supposed enemies or as a result of a curse by the gods thus they first seek help from the traditional medicine practitioners before coming to orthodox hospital. ...
A retrospective study was carried out to assess the pattern of hospital admission in a teaching hospital; to determine the frequency of the most common diagnoses and the medication prescribe during admission. 1099 male and female medical records were used to collect information on age, sex, clinical conditions, drugs prescribed and length of stay in hospital. 61.9% were females and most of them were within the age groups of 11-30 yrs (45.8%). The most common diagnosis was normal delivery (17.7%); hypertension and diabetes mellitus (1.3%) were the highest associated diseases. Antimicrobials were the most common drug prescribed for the patients (25%), 77.8% of the patients were admitted in the hospital for up to 7 days. This study is important as it will throw some light on improvement of admission and provide implications for understanding disease etiology and health care policy and planning.
