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(Left) Motorola MicroTAC 9800x, launched April 1989 – the smallest and lightest phone available at the time. (Right) Apple iPhone 4S released in October 2011. (both from Wikimedia Commons). 

(Left) Motorola MicroTAC 9800x, launched April 1989 – the smallest and lightest phone available at the time. (Right) Apple iPhone 4S released in October 2011. (both from Wikimedia Commons). 

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This extract explores the early impacts of social and cloud computing technologies that have come to prominence since around 2008 to fuel the emergence of what may be called socio-technical organizations. The rapid development and spread of these newest technologies profoundly extend and enhance the cognitive abilities of humans and changes the nat...