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Problem statement: Whilst at the design stage the various aspects of design impact must be taken into account, the incident solar radiation, insolation, is a key to many environmental aspects of street canyons. In this regard, the configuration of an urban street has a decisive role in magnitude of the solar radiation which it receives on its flank...
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Citations
... As illustrated in Figure 7 the first case study [9,10] starts the simulation hours with the maximum extent of sunlight penetration 24136 mm at 8:00 am (one hour after sunrise), and then decrease to 5781 mm, 2051 mm and 301 mm at 9:00, 10:00 and 11:00 am respectively, the next four hours from 12:00 pm to 3:00 pm show an excellent shading performance with 100% shading façade. The sunlight penetration starts again at 4:00 pm with 155 mm and goes up gradually from 5:00 to 7:00 pm with 1798, 5240 and 17653 mm in order. ...
This research aims to study the sunlight penetration performance on the front façade of selected apartments with Neo-Minimalist architectural style. The selected case studies are two front façade of apartments buildings located at the Penang Island east coast latitude 5° 25' 0" N and longitude 100° 19' 0" E, the east part of Penang has been under great developing progress in the last 10 years. Minimalist architectural style is very popular and preferable by architects and people in this region. The tow selected case studies are Baystart condominium, Bayan Lepas and Bayswater Resort condominium, Gelugor. The study uses sun tool software to simulate and calculate the extent of sunlight penetration. The simulation will be conducted with oriented the building as the sun rays are perpendicular to the building’s façade, and then compare the results of sunlight penetrations between the two buildings and the used of architectural elements. The study finds that the sunshade elements and the recessed wall with balcony which are used in the minimalist style facade design make the buildings efficient to prevent the unwanted sunlight which causes overheating and over brightness inside the building, and that is the one of the reasons behind the popularity of the minimalist architectural style.
... In this study, the day time at which the sun path perpendicular to the house facade will be used in order to gain the results when the house facade has its maximum exposure to the direct sunlight. By having this method, the survey will be able to identify effectiveness of the facade on shading design [10]. Limitation of this survey is that the position of the sun path changes overtime. ...
The study is to analyse a performance of sunlight penetration on front terraced house facades designed with post-modern and the current neo-minimalist style for the case studies. Terraced houses are the most popular house type built in garden estates and new towns under garden city’s movement in Malaysia to solve the problem of population overcrowdings in the cities. The post-modern terraced houses in Malaysia were built in 2000s when it lost its popularity to and whereas after 2010s minimalist style becomes a popular style for the terraced houses. The SunTool software is used in the survey to calculate the amount of shading area and extent of sunlight penetration. The survey will be conducted at a position when the sun path is perpendicular to the house façade. The study finds that the front facade design focuses more on style rather than avoiding sunlight penetration inside the house. Car porch, recessed wall with balcony, sunshade elements and roof overhang are frequently used in the house facade design built after 2000 with post-modern and minimalist style for sun shading purposes compared the terraced houses built before 2000.
... In this study, the day time at which the sun path perpendicular to the front house facade will be used in order to generate the results when the house facade has been perpendicularly exposed to direct sunlight. By having this method, the survey will be able to do comparative analysis identifying the effectiveness of shading design on the house facades [13,14]. Limitation of this survey is that the position of the sun path changes over time. ...
Abstract This study analyses shading performance on front house facades in Malaysia designed with early, modern, postmodern and neo-minimalist architectural style. For the case study, four front facades of the terraced houses are selected. The reason for the selection of terraced houses as the case studies is that terraced houses are the most popular house type built in urban areas in this country. The Early Modern Terraced House Style was built in 1950s to 1970s, and Modern Terraced House Style was popularly built later in 1980s to 1990s. Postmodern Terraced House Style was commonly integrated in the building design in 2000s while the Neo-Minimalist Terraced House Style has been integrated in the house design since 2010. The selected case studies are located in Petaling Jaya, Putrajaya and Shah Alam, the new towns of Kuala Lumpur, the capital city of Malaysia. The SunTool software is used in the survey to calculate shading percentages on the front house facades. The survey will be conducted at a position when the sun path is perpendicular to the house facade. The study finds that the shading performance is improving over time. Recessed wall, balcony, attached roof and roof overhang are commonly used in the house facade design with car porch on the ground facade level.
... Solar radiation absorbs the heat to the facade opaque and glazing surface (wall) which reradiates the heat to the indoor area; as a result, it causes insolation which increases the indoor air temperature. The higher is the amount of insolation, the higher is the temperature (Mazloomi, Hassan, Bagherpour and Ismail, 2010;Djamila, Ming and Kumaresan, 2011). Having a house facade exposed to direct sunlight thus must be avoided. ...
This study evaluates shading performance on house facades of selected three terraced houses in Putrajaya, Malaysia as the case studies. Terraced house type is selected for the case study because it is the most popular house type built in this country to house an increase of the urban population. Its total number built in urban area increases from 27% of the total dwellings in 1980 to 40% in 1990, and to slightly more than 60 per cent in 2000. The Case Study A, B, and C are atypical style of terraced house facade designs built in Putrajaya. These postmodern designs exhibit a range of complex geometric elements blending of colonial and traditional elements with colorful styles on the house facade. In this study, the time at which the sun path perpendicular to the house facade will be used to gain the results of shading performances when the house facades have their maximum exposure to the direct sunlight. The house facade was divided into two main parts which are opaque and glazing surface elements. The amount of shading area on the opaque and glazing surface was simulated using the SunTool program. In conclusion, the Case Study C had the highest average percentage of the shading area, which is 64.43%, followed by the Case Study A 60.41% and Case Study B 56.29%. These results showed that the facade designs had excellent horizontal shading elements with roof overhangs for high angle sunlight but they had weak vertical shading elements due to a lack of considerations of louvered elements to block low angle sunlight.
... The simulation will be done using SunTool software to calculate the extent of sunlight penetration and the sunlight shading. This study aims to get the results of the extent of sunlight penetration when the building facade exposes to the sunlight at the maximum level at a day time; by doing the simulation when the sunlight are perpendicular to the house facade (east facade during morning hours and west facade during evening hours of simulation), then the survey will be able to discuss the efficiency of facade's shading design (Mazloomi, Hassan, Bagherpour, & Ismail, 2010). In order to get the results at the maximum exposure level, the study will be limited to the changing of the sun path to get the perpendicular of the sunlight to the east (90°) and west (270°) Table 1 and Figure (5), and also the other limitation is that there are at certain times and dates that the sun path's azimuth is not possible to have perfectly at 90° (Hassan & Arab, 2013;Arab & Hassan, 2012). ...
In this study the analysis is to measure the performance on the extent of sunlight penetration on front apartment facades. The apartments are located in Putrajaya, Malaysia. Putrajaya is the administrative city for the federal government, and it is considered the latest new city in Malaysia with postmodern style buildings which exhibit a range of complex geometric elements blending with colonial, modern and traditional architectural style. The scope of this study is to measure the extent of sunlight penetration on the apartment facades. Two front facades of the apartments were selected in the case studies using computer simulation for the analysis. The selected case studies are sixteen stories apartment located in Precinct 17 and seventeen stories apartment located in Precinct 18. SunTool software is used in the survey to calculate the extent of sunlight penetration. The survey will be conducted at a position when the sun path is perpendicular to the house fac¸ade. This analysis will compare results of the computer simulations of these two apartments in relation to the facade design of the architectural elements for shading devices. This study finds that the more the application is the traditional shading elements, the more is the shading performance on the fac¸ade walls. However this study also finds that traditional shading elements are designed only to block sunlight from horizontal angle of the sun position. They are not designed to obstruct sunlight from vertical angle of the sun position.
... As a result, conducting simulation perpendicular to the sun path will give the best comparative results on the shading performance (Arab & Hassan, 2012;Bakhlah, & Hassan, 2012;Landry& Breton, 2009). The problem when conducting this simulation is that the positions of the sun azimuth in the sky change from time to time during the day time which are impossible to have 90 o angle sun path oriented to the house facades (Mazloomi, Hassan, Bagherpour & Ismail, 2010). To solve this limitation, the study has precalculated the required sun path at 90 o using the SunTool Software to have the sun path's azimuth perpendicular to the east (90°) and west (270°) on the house facade as shown in Table 1 when the simulation will be conducted. ...
This study discusses shading analysis on front facade of modern terraced house type built in 1980s. Three house facades are selected for the case studies located in SS1 and SS2 in Petaling Jaya about 12 km from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The facade design typifies an idea of simple geometric style and had influenced from modern architectural style. It is an expression of purity in basic geometric design considered the design as international style which abandoned the tradition and cultural factor. The design had popularised application of new modern materials at that time like glass windows, bricks, reinforced concrete, rubbers and aluminium, the materials which were mass-produced in the factory. The survey uses simulation technique using the SunTool software with reference to dimensions of the house facades calculated at hourly interval from 7.00am to 6.00pm. The study finds that the design had emphasised on horizontal sunshade projection with integration of car porch, roof overhang and balcony as shading devices but it had lack of emphasis on vertical sunshade projection.
... The drying time to dry chilies from initial moisture content of approximately 350 ± 5%db to final moisture content of approximately 10 ± 1%db were 257, 163, 131, 98, 78 and 69 min at 70, 80, 90, 100, 110 and 120°C of drying air temperature, respectively. It was reported that the using of another dryer took 13 h to dry chilies from 325-10.5%db at 65°C of drying air temperature (Amaroek et al., 2010;Mazloomi et al., 2010) and 106.7 min to dry the sliced bird's eye chilies to 16%db at 70°C of drying air temperature (Omar et al., 2008). Initially, the abundance of free water on the produce surface contributed the effortless moisture liberation; however, much more difficult it might be to expel water after that, when the produce surface becomes harder due to shrinkage (Kowalski et al., 2010). ...
Problem statements: The present study investigates experimentally the drying of chilies (Capsicum annuum L.) with rotating fluidized bed technique and the biolo gical properties: capsaicin content, moisture diffusivity and activation energy . Approach: The drying experiment was conducted at the drying air temperatures ranged 70-120°C and the drying air velocity was fixed at 1.8 m sec -1 , while the layer's height was fixed at 4 ± 0.5 cm. T he chilies were dried starting 350 ± 5%db down to 10 ± 1%db. Results: The drying time requested to dry chilies ranged 69 -257 min. The average capsaicin content of dried chilies was decreased st arting 2725.4 down to 1617.4 ppm. The effective diffusivity and activation energy were also describ ed. Conclusion: Drying air temperature was significant factor on the decreasing of moisture co ntent, capsaicin content and redness of dried chili es. All samples can be marketable.
... The drying time to dry chilies from initial moisture content of approximately 350 ± 5%db to final moisture content of approximately 10 ± 1%db were 257, 163, 131, 98, 78 and 69 min at 70, 80, 90, 100, 110 and 120°C of drying air temperature, respectively. It was reported that the using of another dryer took 13 h to dry chilies from 325-10.5%db at 65°C of drying air temperature (Amaroek et al., 2010; Mazloomi et al., 2010) and 106.7 min to dry the sliced bird's eye chilies to 16%db at 70°C of drying air temperature (Omar et al., 2008). ...
The present study investigates experimentally the drying of chilies ( Capsicum annuum L.) with rotating fluidized bed technique and the biological properties: capsaicin content, moisture diffusivity and activation energy. Approach: The drying experiment was conducted at the drying air temperatures ranged 70-120°C and the drying air velocity was fixed at 1.8 m sec<SUP>-1</SUP>, while the layer’s height was fixed at 4 ± 0.5 cm. The chilies were dried starting 350 ± 5%db down to 10 ± 1%db. Results: The drying time requested to dry chilies ranged 69-257 min. The average capsaicin content of dried chilies was decreased starting 2725.4 down to 1617.4 ppm. The effective diffusivity and activation energy were also described. Conclusion: Drying air temperature was significant factor on the decreasing of moisture content, capsaicin content and redness of dried chilies. All samples can be marketable.
