Figure 139 - uploaded by James D Williams
Content may be subject to copyright.
Lectotype of Margaritana triangulata (= Alasmidonta triangulata), USNM 86249. A, figure from Lea (1859a); and B, recent photograph.
Source publication
Freshwater habitats of the southeastern U.S. support a high diversity of mussels in the families Margaritiferidae and Unionidae, order Unionoida. River systems of Florida and drainages contiguous with Alabama and Georgia are known to be inhabited by 65 mussel species, representing about 20% of the North American fauna north of Mexico. This diversit...
Similar publications
Stable isotope enrichment experiments offer a potentially powerful way to examine the base of aquatic food webs, but interpretation of the data from these experiments may be confounded by problems such as selective ingestion/assimilation of bulk food sources by consumers, variable tracer enrichment over time, and the failure of consumers to approac...
The invasive alien bivalve species Sinanodonta woodiana has been reported for the first time from the Republic of Moldova in 2003. In the study period 2008-2017, this species was recorded at six sampling stations in the Prut River basin: Leova, Goteşti, Cahul, Lake Manta, Lake Beleu, and Cîşliţa-Prut, which basin part belongs to the Wetland Danube...
Freshwater mussels in the order Unionida are highly adapted to parasitize fish for the primary purpose of dispersal. The parasitic larval stage affixes itself to the gills or fins of the host where it becomes encysted in the tissue, eventually excysting to develop into a free-living adult. Research on the parasitic interactions between unionids and...
North American freshwater mussel species have experienced substantial range fragmentation and population reductions. These impacts have the potential to reduce genetic connectivity among populations and increase the risk of losing genetic diversity. Thirteen microsatellite loci and an 883 bp fragment of the mitochondrial ND1 gene were used to asses...
Freshwater mussels of the order Unionida are currently one of the most imperiled groups of organisms in the North Ameri-can faunal region. Accurate risk assessments and development of effective management strategies for remaining populations require knowledge of thermal limits in the face of increasing surface water temperature due to climate chang...
Citations
... 32, in Anodon;Clessin, 1874: 148, pl. 50, figs 3, 4;simpson, 1892: 433, 1914afrierson, 1927: 17) and has entered prevailing usage in more than 25 works in the past 50 years (Johnson, 1972;heard, 1975;burch, 1975;Zingmark, 1978;Kat, 1983;turgeon et al., 1988;hoeh, 1990;Gordon & hoeh, 1993;williams et al., 1993;Lydeard et al., 1996;Vidrine, 1996;turgeon et al., 1998;turner et al., 2000;bogan, 2002;huang et al., 2002;Krebs et al., 2003;Lee, 2006;Zanatta et al., 2007;Graf & cummings, 2007;williams et al., 2009;cummings & Graf, 2010;williams et al., 2011;haag, 2012;williams et al., 2014;williams et al., 2017;smith et al., 2018 Lea (1859f: 280) pointed out that the "name had already been occupied" by one introduced by conrad (1849). the referenced name by conrad (1849: 154), originally spelled Margaritana etowaensis, might have been misspelled as he rendered the name of the type locality also as "etowah river." ...
... 32, in Anodon;Clessin, 1874: 148, pl. 50, figs 3, 4;simpson, 1892: 433, 1914afrierson, 1927: 17) and has entered prevailing usage in more than 25 works in the past 50 years (Johnson, 1972;heard, 1975;burch, 1975;Zingmark, 1978;Kat, 1983;turgeon et al., 1988;hoeh, 1990;Gordon & hoeh, 1993;williams et al., 1993;Lydeard et al., 1996;Vidrine, 1996;turgeon et al., 1998;turner et al., 2000;bogan, 2002;huang et al., 2002;Krebs et al., 2003;Lee, 2006;Zanatta et al., 2007;Graf & cummings, 2007;williams et al., 2009;cummings & Graf, 2010;williams et al., 2011;haag, 2012;williams et al., 2014;williams et al., 2017;smith et al., 2018 Lea (1859f: 280) pointed out that the "name had already been occupied" by one introduced by conrad (1849). the referenced name by conrad (1849: 154), originally spelled Margaritana etowaensis, might have been misspelled as he rendered the name of the type locality also as "etowah river." ...
The American conchologist Isaac Lea had a long and productive career during which he introduced more than 1,800 names of molluscan species between 1827 and 1874, the majority North American land and freshwater species. His idiosyncratic way of publishing, by describing new taxa multiple times in duplicated and variously modified journal papers as well as in retitled collections of extracts, has led to considerable difficulties in determining accurate dates of his original descriptions. He considered the reading and presentation of a manuscript before a “learned society” as the date of its original publication and therefore his own recorded dates must be approached with caution. The problem of interpreting Lea's names was compounded by the fact that Lea frequently modified his own new taxonomic names in his subsequent publications, and often without providing justification for the change. The various name versions were inconsistently applied by subsequent authors. The current paper analyses Lea's substitutions and other modifications of his own names of molluscan species and discusses 131 of his publications in this context, for which attempts at precise dating were made. The status of these “replacements” of Lea's taxonomic names were evaluated under the current ICZN Code (). A few additional cases of changes of Lea's names by other authors are included; these are instances in which Lea had missed a primary homonym or a secondary homonym was discovered later. While some of the names here discussed are currently resting in synonymy, others are of greater current relevance as they are in use as valid names for taxa of conservation/management concern, including IUCN and U.S.-federally listed species.
The following 98 discussions of often-complex name changes involve 348 species-group names and their subsequent spellings, 231 of which were introduced by Lea. Based on their current taxonomic status, the names belong to 4 bivalve and 11 gastropod families, with the vast majority concentrated in Unionidae and Pleuroceridae. Under the current ICZN Code, the investigated changes fall into many different categories, which impacts their nomenclatural availability: 35 names changed by Lea (plus 6 by other authors) are interpreted as substitute names for junior primary homonyms, 7 of which were unnecessary; 1 name (plus 6 by others) as substitute names for junior secondary homonyms, 1 of which was unnecessary; 13 names as justified emendations; 10 names (plus 1 by another) as unjustified emendations that have not entered prevailing usage; 1 name determined by his first reviser action; 37 names (plus many by others) as incorrect subsequent spellings that are not in prevailing usage; and 1 incorrect subsequent spelling that is shown to be in prevailing usage and thus considered a correct original spelling. The concept of “prevailing usage,” ill-defined under the current (1999) ICZN Code, is addressed in this context. The following names in current use are corrected as follows: Helix balasteriana I. Lea, 1840 (taxon inquirendum, ?Dyakiidae), Lioplax cyclostomatiformis (I. Lea, 1844), Diplodon demararaensis (I. Lea, 1859), Iheringella isocardiodes I. Lea, 1856, Dilatata brongniartiana (I. Lea, 1843), Elliptio nasutidus (I. Lea, 1863), Elliptio pullata (I. Lea, 1857), Pleurocera picta (I. Lea, 1841) [instead of P. curta (Haldeman, 1841), which is preoccupied] and Beringiana youconensis (I. Lea, 1847); many others are confirmed in their recently applied spellings. This work serves as an example that the basic endeavor of summarizing available and valid names from the published literature is not always a straightforward task.
... We stress that this classification is provisional and meant to provide a stable, working hypothesis for diversity within the genus. We elevate from synonymy four species of Elliptio: E. fumata (from E. complanata), E. occulta and E. pullata (from E. icterina), and E. purpurella (from E. arctata and E. strigosa); these changes are based primarily on differences in shell morphology (Brim Box and Williams 2000;Williams et al. 2008Williams et al. , 2011Williams et al. , 2014. We place eight species into synonymy. ...
... We place Elliptio waccamawensis into the synonymy of E. congaraea based on molecular data (McCartney et al. 2016). We place the following species into synonymy based on examination of shell type material by Clarke (1992) and Williams et al. (2011Williams et al. ( , 2014: E. waltoni (synonymized under E. ahenea), E. judithae (synonymized under E. roanokensis), and E. buckleyi (synonymized under E. jayensis). After these changes, we recognize 30 species of Elliptio, and it remains the largest unionid genus in the United States and Canada. ...
... We reassign Villosa arkansasensis and V. choctawensis to Obovaria based on molecular data (Kuehnl 2009;Inoue et al. 2013) and marsupial morphology (Williams et al. 2011, for choctawensis). We also recognize reassignment of Lampsilis haddletoni to Obovaria based on shell morphology of the type lot (Williams et al. , 2011, but this species is considered extinct and there are no available soft parts for anatomical or molecular study. Obovaria jacksoniana was recognized in Turgeon et al. (1998) but is synonymous with Villosa arkansasensis (Inoue et al. 2013). ...
We present a revised list of freshwater mussels (order Unionida, families Margaritiferidae and Unionidae) of the United States and Canada, incorporating changes in nomenclature and systematic taxonomy since publication of the most recent checklist in 1998. We recognize a total of 298 species in 55 genera in the families Margaritiferidae (one genus, five species) and Unionidae (54 genera, 293 species). We propose one change in the Margaritiferidae: the placement of the formerly monotypic genus Cumberlandia in the synonymy of Margaritifera. In the Unionidae, we recognize three new genera, elevate four genera from synonymy, and place three previously recognized genera in synonymy. We recognize for the first time two species (one native and one nonindigenous) in the Asian genus Sinanodonta as occurring in North America. We recognize four new species and one subspecies and elevate 21 species from synonymy. We elevate 10 subspecies to species status and no longer recognize four subspecies. We change common names for five taxa, correct spelling for eight species, and correct the date of publication of original descriptions for four species.
The species-level taxonomy of three closely related urocoptoid land snails, Epirobia Strebel & Pfeiffer 1880, Propilsbrya Bartsch 1906, and Pectinistemma Rehder 1940, are reviewed and a new family is erected for them. Gyrocion Pilsbry 1904 and Prionoloplax Pilsbry 1953 may also belong in this new family, but remain unknown anatomically. New species named in this work are Epirobia subsulca n. sp., Epirobia brevior n. sp., Epirobia longior n. sp., Epirobia interupta n. sp., Epirobia adusta n. sp., Pectinistemma roesslingi n. sp., Pectinistemma gracilidens n. sp., and Pectinistemma ceramicum n. sp. Epirobia alternans Thompson 1976 is elevated from subspecific status within Epirobia swiftiana (Crosse 1863) to full species rank. Epirobiidae new family is recognized as distinct from other urocoptoid families by characteristics of the shell, the reproductive system, the radula, and the genome. Morphology and molecular data support the monophyly of the Epirobiidae and their independence from other groups of urocoptoid gastropods. These data also support the independence and monophyly of the Holospiridae Pilsbry 1946 and the Eucalodiidae Crosse & Fischer 1868.
This paper discusses the life and works of Richard Irwin Johnson (1925-2020), who made significant contributions to our knowledge of the Unionidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) through his numerous publications and his curation of the sizable collections of freshwater bivalves at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Johnson also published extensively on the history of malacology, including biographical accounts and museum histories. His 135 publications on mollusks spanned 74 years (from 1941 at age 16 to 2015 at age 90), nearly setting a record for malacology, and his membership in the American Malacological Union / Society for 79 years (1941 to 2020) outlasted any other current or former member. Johnson amassed one of the largest ever private libraries of books and journals on mollusks, and contributed significantly to the growth of the MCZ Malacology Library.
The objective of this review is to update our previously published checklist of Recent freshwater mussel species and genera (Graf & Cummings, 2007, J. Molluscan Stud.: 291–314) to reflect the new data and research findings that have accumulated over the last decade. The MUSSEL Project Database was developed to synthesize the available taxonomic nomenclature, species ranges and published taxonomic hypotheses on genus–species combinations and synonymy. We have found 4,988 available species-group level nominal species representing 958 valid species in 192 genera worldwide, an increase of 118 species since 2007. The current patterns of species richness are discussed with regard to both taxonomy and geography, as is the general flux in the number of species recognized over time. A checklist is provided herein, with a bibliography to key faunistic and taxonomic references. The full dataset is maintained and updated on the MUSSEL Project Web Site (http://mussel-project.net/).
This special volume of the Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History features contributions from the Herpetology Conference including the All Florida Herpetological Event. The manuscripts included in this special volume offer insights into: 1) the effects of a common environmental pollutant and a commonly used anesthetic on amphibian development, growth, and behavior; 2) population ecology of the eastern hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis) in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park; 3) population ecology of the Florida snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina osceola) in the Santa Fe River; 4) a historical river turtle population decline in Missouri1; and 5) timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) movement in the South Carolina mountains.
Late Quaternary fossil deposits from The Bahamas, Cayman Islands, and Cuba contain fossils of the Cuban crocodile Crocodylus rhombifer. This species survives today only in Cuba and Isla de la Juventud (formerly Isla de Pinos); the populations in The Bahamas and Cayman Islands are locally extinct. Large fossil samples, including skulls, are known from underwater caves (blue holes) on Abaco in the northern Bahamas and organic peat deposits on Grand Cayman. Diagnostic cranial characters shared by the fossil crocodile skulls from Abaco and Grand Cayman and recent skulls of C. rhombifer from Cuba are: short, broad, and deep rostrum; prominent orbit; concave interorbital region and cranial roof; strong ridge on internal margin of the orbit and lateral margin of the cranial table; large, rounded protuberance on the posterolateral corner of the squamosal; premaxillary-maxillary suture on the palate transverse at the level of the first maxillary tooth; and 13 teeth in the maxilla. Using a ratio derived from living crocodylians of head length (premaxilla to parietal) to total length of about 1:7.2, approximate total lengths for fossil specimens of C. rhombifer from Abaco range from 1.3–2.3 m (mean 1.9 m) and Grand Cayman from 1.6–2.0 m (mean 1.7 m). Quaternary crocodylian remains are known from many other islands in The Bahamas, including Acklins, Crooked Island, Eleuthera, Grand Bahama, Mayaguana, New Providence, and San Salvador; however, most of these fossils are not complete enough for a species identification. Shells of an extinct species of the land tortoise Chelonoidis from Abaco and Mayaguana with crocodylian bite marks, jaws and teeth of capromyid rodents from Grand Cayman that appear to have been digested by a crocodylian, and data from carbon (13C/12C) isotopes derived from crocodile bones, as well as the lack of large freshwater vertebrates, suggest that C. rhombifer in The Bahamas and Cayman Island had a diet primarily consisting of terrestrial vertebrates. Evidence from stomach contents and behavioral ecology of extant Cuban crocodiles from Cuba further supports the terrestrial feeding habits of C. rhombifer. Radiocarbon (14C) dates on crocodile postcranial bones from Sawmill Sink and Dan’s Cave on Abaco range from 2,780–3,680 years Before Present (BP). Radiocarbon dates on peat associated with fossils of C. rhombifer from the Crocodile Canal site on Grand Cayman range from 375–860 years BP. These dates confirm that Cuban crocodiles survived into the late Holocene on Abaco and into the historic period on Grand Cayman. Evidence from a variety of sources, including radiocarbon dates, fossil and archaeological sites, and historical records confirms that the local extinction of crocodiles in The Bahamas and Cayman Islands occurred within the past 500 years, probably resulting from overhunting by humans. Fossils of C. rhombifer on Grand Cayman and Abaco, and probably throughout The Bahamas, verify that the Cuban crocodile was considerably more widespread in the West Indies during the Late Quaternary.
Since October 2006, the specific scientific mollusc collection deposited in the Zoobotanical Museum "Augusto Ruschi" - MUZAR (CMOUPF), located at "Passo Fundo" Municipal District, Rio Grande do Sul State/ RS, is developed, counting until July 2011 with a total of 68 species, 36 of which are freshwater forms (20 Gastropoda & 16 Bivalvia), distributed in 11 families and 19 genera, and 30 terrestrial gastropod forms distributed in 13 families and 22 genera; and even two marine/ eurihaline forms (11 Gastropoda & Bivalvia) in their turn divided into two families and two genera. The specimens are cataloged with emphasis in Municipalities of Santa Catarina/ SC and Rio Grande do Sul/ RS, as well as other six brazilian States and samples of the neighboring country of Uruguay (see pp. 23-24) .....
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA GAINESVILLE The FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY is Florida's state museum of natural history, dedicated to understanding, preserving, and interpreting biological diversity and cultural heritage. The BULLETIN OF THE FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes results of original research in zoology, botany, paleontology, archaeology, and museum science. The Bulletin is published at irregular intervals, and volumes are not necessarily completed in any one year. Volumes contain between 150 and 300 pages, sometimes more. The number of papers contained in each volume varies, depending upon the number of pages in each paper, but four numbers is the current standard. Multi-author issues of related papers have been published together, and inquiries about putting together such issues are welcomed. Address all inquiries to the Editor of the Bulletin.
