Figure 1 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
Leaves and their chlorophyll extraction in acetone solution: A, Citrus medica; B, Citrus jhambiri; C, Chlorophyll extract of C. medica & C. jhambiri; D, Citrus nobilis; E, Citrus reticulata; F, Chlorophyll extract of C. nobilis & C. reticulata; G, Citrus aurantafolia; H, Chlorophyll extract of C. aurantafolia; I, Citrus limon; J, Chlolorophyll extract of C. limon; K, Citrus grandis; L, Chlorophyll extract of C. grandis. solutions was measured at 645 nm and 663 nm in LABTRONIC Spectrophotometer LT-39 taking the 80% acetone solution as blank (Sadasivam & Manickam1996). The reading was taken in a triplicate sample and average was considered for calculation of chlorophyll content. The chlorophyll a, b and a + b (total chlorophyll) contents were calculated out by applying the following (Arnon 1949) formulae:
Source publication
Green plants synthesize a wide range of primary and secondary metabolites in different quantity. Chlorophylls belong to the primary metabolites that give the color of the leaves and fruits, especially in the unripe stage. The spectral properties of chlorophylls are essential in harvesting light energy and in the transduction of absorbed light energ...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... Citrus species namely C. limon Burm f, C. medica Linn., C. aurantifolia Swin., C. reticulata Blanco., C. nobilis Lour., C. jambhiri Lush., and C. grandis (L.) Osbeck. as reported by Gogoi & Basumatary (2017) were selected for the present study. The matured leaves were collected from the selected Citrus spp. growing in different areas of Kokrajhar during the month of December 2017. One gram leaf from each species is measured and cut into fine pieces and then grinded with mortar and pestle. Thereafter, 20 ml of 80% acetone and 0.5 g of (MgCo 3 ) powder was added and further grinded gently following the method of Kamble et al. (2015). The mixture was then incubated at 4ºC for 3 hours. The mixture was centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 5 min and the supernatant was transferred to a 100 ml volumetric flask and the volume was made up to 100ml with the addition of 80% acetone and the solution was used for chlorophyll estimation (Fig. 1). The absorbance of the The study has revealed that the Chl a ranges from 0.35 to 1.47 mg g -1 and Chl b ranges from 0.38 to 0.61 mg g -1 and the total chlorophyll Chl (a+b) ranges from 0.73 to 2.08 mg g -1 in seven Citrus spp. From the result it is also seen that C. limon Burm f. has the highest concentration of Chl a and Chl b whereas C. aurantifolia (Christm.) Swin. was found to have least quantity of Chl a and Chl b among the seven species (Table 1 & Fig. 2). Among the seven citrus species the highest total chlorophyll content was found in C. limon (2.08 mg g -1 ) followed by C. medica (1.53 mg g -1 ), C. reticulata (1.42 mg g -1 ), C. nobilis (1.27 mg g -1 ), C. grandis (1.14 mg g - 1 ), C. jambhiri (0.92 mg g -1 ) and C. aurantifolia (0.73 mg g -1 ) respectively (Table 1 & Fig. 3). Similarly, Chl a was also found to be highest in C. limon (1.47 mg g -1 ) followed by C. medica (1.03 mg g -1 ), C. reticulata (0.87 mg g -1 ), C. nobilis (0.79 mg g -1 ), C. grandis (0.65 mg g -1 ), C. jambhiri (0.51 mg g -1 ) and C. aurantifolia (0.35 mg g -1 ) respectively. The second highest in quantity of Chl b was found in C. reticulata (0.55 mg g -1 ) followed by C. medica (0.50 mg g -1 ), C. grandis (0.49 mg g -1 ), C. nobilis (0.48 mg g -1 ), C. jambhiri (0.41 mg g -1 ), and C. aurantifolia (0.38 mg g -1 ) respectively. The highest variation of chlorophyll a and b were observed in C. limon. The quantitative variation of chlorophyll content in Citrus spp. may be due to the health condition of the plants, habitat condition, leaf surface area and nutrients of the soil. Earlier Bojovic & Stojanovic (2005) reported that chlorophyll and carotenoid content in wheat cultivars depends on the presence of mineral elements in the substrate and plant physiological and environmental factors. Moreover, the application of plant growth regulators in higher concentrations has also positive effects on leaf chlorophyll content (Sardoei ...
Citations
... Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids contents (mg/g dry weight) were determined according to the method mentioned by (Gogoi &Basumatary 2018 andNagata &Yamashita 1992). ...
... Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids contents (mg/g dry weight) were determined according to the method mentioned by (Gogoi &Basumatary 2018 andNagata &Yamashita 1992). ...
... Therefore, the combined effects of CLas infection, starch accumulation, and low N concentration that we observed in trees without IPCs could have contributed to the lower content in chlorophyll pigments in noncovered trees. It is generally recognized that leaf chlorophyll levels are positively correlated with the photosynthesis rate and plant productivity (Dawson et al. 2003;Gitelson et al. 2006;Gogoi and Basumatary 2018;Whittaker and Marks 1975). Therefore, the trees with IPCs are expected to be more productive because they reach maturity compared with trees without IPCs. ...
Huanglongbing (HLB), an important citrus disease, causes many physiological and anatomical changes such as phloem dysfunction, imbalance in carbohydrate partitioning, decrease in leaf chlorophyll, and nutritional imbalances in the affected trees, ultimately resulting in tree decline. In Florida, HLB is associated with phloem-limited bacteria Candidatus Liberi-bacter asiaticus (CLas), and it is vectored by the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri). No cure for HLB has been found, and most of the HLB management efforts have been focused on vector control or exclusion, improved nutrient management, and the use of HLB-tolerant rootstocks. Individual protective covers (IPCs) are a type of psyllid exclusion tool that is increasingly used by growers for HLB management of newly planted citrus trees. However, no studies have evaluated their influence on citrus tree physiology. This study investigated the effect of IPCs and different rates of insecticides on CLas infection and different physiological attributes, including soluble (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) and nonsoluble (starch) carbohydrates, leaf chlorophyll, and leaf macronutrients and micronutrients over 2.5 years of field growth. The treatments (tree cover and insecticides rate) were applied in newly planted 'Valencia' sweet orange (Citrus sinen-sis) trees grafted on 'Cleopatra' (C. reticulata) rootstock. The IPCs prevented CLas transmission and accumulation of foliar starch, sucrose, and glucose commonly associated with HLB. IPC-covered trees had more leaf chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b than noncovered trees and more leaf nitrogen (N) and zinc (Zn). Our findings suggest that IPCs effectively prevent CLas infection and maintain the physiological health of young citrus trees under heavy HLB pressure. Therefore, IPCs are recommended as an important component of integrated pest management for this devastating disease.
... The collected supernatant was taken as the sample for biochemical and phytochemical analysis. Chlorophyll content was analyzed using the acetone extraction method and then analyzed by spectrophotometer (Gogoi & Basumatary, 2018). The biochemical characterization of plant extracts, such as the protein concentration, was determined using the Lowry method (Sarker et al., 2017) using bovine serum albumin as standard (1 mg/ml). ...
The increase in freshwater scarcity in developing countries drives to use of poor-quality water for agricultural purposes. The usage of treated sewage for irrigation is increasing worldwide as an alternative resource. But the presence of heavy metals, especially chromium (Cr), resulted in phytotoxicity, low yield and accumulation in the food chain. It leads to detrimental effects on humans and animals. So, efficient eco-friendly remediation techniques are essential to address the current problem. The present investigation aims to treat domestic sewage using biological reactors, then biosorption of total Cr using acclimatized algal species. The efficiency of sewage treatment was observed in terms of chemical & biochemical oxygen demand, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and ammonia by 92.40 ± 2.21%, 94.70 ± 2.24%, 56.40 ± 17.03% and 80.80 ± 7.80% respectively. Total-Cr presence was 64.20 ± 16.75 mg/L in raw sewage and 55.70 ± 6.70 mg/L in final treated sewage water without algal pond treatment. The algae were acclimatized in metal stress conditions to produce the extracellular polymer for Cr biosorption. After the biosorption in the algal pond, the water contains only 4.41 ± 1.16 mg/L of total Cr with a removal efficiency of 92.00 ± 2.01% in 50 days of monitoring. The Cr-removed treated sewage (CRTS) was reused to cultivate Amaranthus sp. and compared with chromium-containing treated sewage and tap water irrigated plants. The CRTS irrigated plants showed better growth, development and higher protein, carbohydrate and lipid content than others. The algal cell wall offered many functional groups that could bind with Cr ions were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
... The absorbance of the clear extract was measured at 470, 645, and 663 nm on a UV/Vis spectrophotometer. Chlorophylls (Gogoi and Basumatary, 2018) and total carotenoids (Wellburn, 1994) were calculated using the following equations: ...
The aim of this greenhouse study was to evaluate root irrigation, foliar spray, and stem injection in order to find the best method for the nanofertilization of avocado plants with green synthesized CuNPs. One-year-old avocado plants were supplied four times (every 15 days) with 0.25 and 0.50 mg/ml of CuNPs through the three fertilization methods. Stem growth and new leaf formation were evaluated over time and after 60 days of CuNPs exposure, several plant traits (root growth, fresh and dry biomass, plant water content, cytotoxicity, photosynthetic pigments, and total Cu accumulation in plant tissues) were evaluated for CuNPs improvement. Regarding the control treatment, stem growth and new leaf appearance were increased by 25 % and 85 %, respectively, by the CuNPs supply methods of foliar spray>stem injection>root irrigation, with little significant differences among NPs concentrations. Avocado plants supplied with 0.25 and 0.50 mg/ml CuNPs maintained a hydric balance and cell viability ranged from 91 to 96 % through the three NPs application methods. TEM did not reveal any ultrastructural organelle changes induced by CuNPs in leaf tissues. The concentrations of CuNPs tested were not high enough to exert deleterious effects on the photosynthetic machinery of avocado plants, but photosynthetic efficiency was also found to be improved. The foliar spray method showed improved uptake and translocation of CuNPs, with almost no loss of Cu. In general, the improvement in plant traits indicated that the foliar spray method was the best for nanofertilization of avocado plants with CuNPs.
... The growth and physiology of plants increased by the application of FM, due to the optimum availability of essential nutrients and by improving physico-chemical parameters of soil (Lalrintluangi et al., 2019;Islam et al., 2021;Singh et al., 2022). SPAD values increased by the application of FM, which may help in the process of photosynthesis that increases the production of glucose and energy (Gogoi and Basumatary, 2018;Gujjar et al., 2020), which ultimately increases cell division, cell elongation, and finally the dry weight of roots and shoots (Tian et al., 2022). Moreover, Mitran et al. (2016) reported that FM may release week organic acids that dissolve the Cd as well as other essential nutrients by decreasing soil pH. ...
Cadmium (Cd) contamination is considered as a widespread concern at global scale which is serious threats to human health. Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly approach which can remove or immobilize Cd from the soil. Different organic and inorganic amendments can potentially enhance Cd phytoremediation efficiency but the comparison of farmyard manure (FM), elemental sulphur (S) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for Cd phytoremediation through spider plants (Chlorophytum comosum L.) remained unanswered. The present study evaluated the efficiency of S (0.1 and 0.2%), EDTA (0.1 and 0.2%, represented as EDTA-0.1 and EDTA-0.2) and FM (0.5 and 1%, represented as FM-0.5 and FM-1) for remediation of Cd contaminated soils (50 and 100 mg kg-1, represented as Cd-50 and Cd-100) through spider plants. Results depicted that the highest shoots and roots dry biomass was found in FM treated plants followed by S, EDTA and control except in EDTA-0.2 treatment in which the lowest values of these parameters were observed. Application of FM-1 significantly increased the shoot dry weight (120%), root dry weight (99%), as well as photosynthetic attributes in Cd-50 as compared to control. Application of EDTA-0.2 increased the bioavailable fraction of Cd than control and the maximum increase was observed in Cd-100. The highest Cd concentrations in shoot and roots were found in EDTA treated plants followed by S, control and FM irrespective of Cd and amendment levels. Maximum Cd in roots (109%) and shoots (156%) was recorded in plants grown in Cd-100 with EDTA-0.2 than control. The maximum bioaccumulation factor, translocation index, harvest index and root to shoot translocation were observed with EDTA than control and other treatments. EDTA along with spider plants may enhance the uptake of Cd but lower biomass production in the highest dose of EDTA may questioned the efficiency of EDTA.
... Reducing sugar and total sugar contents in leaves were estimated following Bertrand's method (Kumar et al. 2011). The content of Chlorophyll (chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b) of leaf was estimated using the procedure explained by Gagoi and Basumatary (2018). The nitrogen content of the leaf was estimated using Micro Kjeldahl method (Maehre et al. 2018). ...
... Pada tanaman jambu biji, kapulasan dan lengkeng, semua cabang sekunder tidak lagi memiliki daun, tetapi daun banyak ditemukan pada cabang tersier dan quarter. Daun-daun yang mengalami senesens dicirikan terjadi perubahan warna dari hijau menjadi kuning akibat degradasi klorofil (Gogoi, 2018;Pereyra et al., 2014;Li et al., 2018). Namun demikian, fenomena daun senesens juga ditemukan pada cabang tersier ditentukan dengan cara menghitung jumlah dudukan daun (scar), yakni pada asam jawa terdapat 855.00 bekas dudukan daun, alpukat 166.00 dan jeruk siam sebanyak 13.67 bekas dudukan daun. ...
Upaya mengurangi biaya produksi tanaman buah-buahan sangat penting dalam meningkatkan daya saing. Salah satu biaya produksi pada budidaya adalah pemangkasan. Self-pruning atau cladoptosis sangat potensial untuk mengurangi biaya pemangkasan pada tanaman buah. Namun demikian, penelitian fenomena self-pruning masih sangat terbatas pada tanaman hortikultura. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi kejadian self-pruning pada tanaman buah dalam rangka menggali potensinya untuk menekan pelaksanaan pemangkasan. Observasi menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan faktor tunggal yakni tujuh jenis tanaman buah (alpukat, jeruk siam, jambu biji, kapulasan, lengkeng, asam jawa dan jeruk nipis). Tanaman buah berumur 2.5 tahun dipelihara dalam pot drum. Pengamatan meliputi ukuran kanopi, ukuran cabang dan kejadian self-pruning pada cabang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kejadian self-pruning pada cabang sekunder, cabang tersier, serta cabang quarter pada semua jenis tanaman. Namun demikian, atas jenis tanaman memiliki kecenderungan self-pruning pada cabang berbeda. Pada tanaman alpukat kejadian self-pruning terjadi pada jenis cabang sekunder dan tersier. Self-pruning pada cabang tersier terjadi pada tanaman lengkeng. Self-pruning pada jenis tanaman yang lain terjadi pada semua jenis cabang. Penelitian ini pertama kali mengamati kejadian self-pruning pada tanaman buah. Perlu penelitian lanjutan mengenai faktor peubah self-pruning pada tanaman buah.
Kata kunci: absisi, arsitektur kanopi, cladoptosis, hortikultura, senesens
... Total chlorophyll determination in cape gooseberry leaves was carried out as described previously [12]. ...
... Total chlorophyll content in leaves (mg.g -1 fresh weight): total chlorophyll was estimated according to the method of Gogoi and Basumatary (2018). Table 2 showed that the number and length of shoots increased as a result of spraying with growth regulator of forchlorfenuron, especially at 8 mg.l -1 concentration, which had a significant influence by achieving the highest values being 5.94 shoot.sapling ...
The effect of foliar spraying with Forchlorfenuron and Gibberellic acid on the vegetative growth and mineral content of Washington Navel orange saplings was investigated in the lath house belonging to the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, Iraq, from April to December 2021. A factorial experiment was conducted according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with three replicates for each treatment. Forchlorfenuron was sprayed at four concentrations (0, 4, 8, and 12 mg.l-1), and sprayed with three levels of gibberellic acid (0, 25, and 50 mg.l-1). The two growth regulators showed a significant effect in most of the studied traits especially spraying with Forchlorfenuron at a concentration of 8 mg.l-1 and spraying with gibberellic acid at a concentration of 50 mg.l-1 which achieved a significant superiority in the secondary shoots' number increment and the main shoots' length increment, leaves number increment, leaves area, leaves content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium as well as total chlorophyll compared to the control treatment which achieved the lowest values.
... The chlorophyll concentration was estimated by averaging the results of three measurements. The following equations were used to compute the quantities of chlorophyll a, b, and a + b [29]. ...
Nanoplastics (NPs) are emerging pollutants that contaminate agricultural produce. The present study investigates the impact of polystyrene (PS) and humic acid (HA) individually and in combination on the germination and growth of seeds of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). Here we report the formation of eco-corona upon the interaction of PS with humic acid at 24 h with a significant increase in hydrodynamic size. Seed germination, plant growth, and chlorophyll content increased in the coronated PS. In addition, we report that the treatment of seeds with PS + HA resulted in the germination of 90% of seeds, while treatment with only PS resulted in the germination of only 65.8% of seeds. A quantitative analysis of chlorophyll (a, b, and a + b) revealed that HA-treated groups and PS + HA-treated groups showed significantly high chlorophyll (a, b, and a + b) contents of (PS: 3.48 mg g−1, 2.12 mg g−1, and 4.19 mg g−1, HA: 5.76 mg g−1, 3.88 mg g−1, and 6.41 mg g−1, PS + HA: 4.17 mg g−1, 3.23 mg g−1, and 6.58 mg g−1)respectively compared to PS treated groups. Similarly, ROS levels were comparatively low in HA and PS + HA-treated groups than in only-PS-treated groups. Furthermore, we observed a decline in the level of antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and catalase) activity in HA and PS + HA treated groups than that in only-PS treated groups. The results indicate that HA significantly reduces PS-induced toxicity and improves germination and growth of seeds of Solanum lycopersicum; the corresponding reduction in toxic effects may be due to eco-corona formation on the PS. We understand that eco-corona is a way to protect plants from xenobiotics concerning nanoplastics.
