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Leaves and synflorescences of four Artemisia species. (A) Artemisia absinthium. (B) Artemisia annua. (C) Artemisia dracunculus. (D) Artemisia vulgaris. For each species, the leaves placed in the upper or left side show the adaxial face and those placed in the lower or right side show the abaxial face. Photographs by P. Barnola, A. Mallol and L. Vilar (synflorescences of A. absinthium-detail-and A. dracunculus), G. Pié (synflorescence of A. annua) and J. Vallès (the rest).
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Artemisia is one of the largest genera of the family Asteraceae or Compositae, itself the biggest flowering plant family. It comprises around 600 taxa at specific and subspecific levels, present in all continents but Antarctica, mostly distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, with no more than 25 taxa in the Southern Hemisphere. The genus displays a...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... leaves of Artemisia are alternately or sparsely distributed. They are mostly divided, with only a few exceptions, such as A. dracunculus L., and have a wide range of sizes, shapes and textures, some of which are presented in Fig. 1. The most characteristic traits of the genus are in the flower heads or capitula, which are small, spheroidal, ovoid or cylindrical, and composed only of flosculose florets inserted on a tomentose or glabrous receptacle protected by an involucre with herbaceous or partly scarious bracts, bearing or not clothing or glandular indument. The number of florets per capitulum ranges from 4-7 to more than 40, and the corollas are whitish, yellow or purple, and not very ...
Context 2
... medicine has a long tradition, constitutes one of the most powerful therapeutic tools in the world and has influenced many other health systems. Although A. vulgaris is known and used in many parts of the world (B?zanger-Beauquesne et al., 1986(B?zanger-Beauquesne et al., , 1990, its major medicinal use is in China. This plant is the main or the only component of the so-called moxa, prepared as follows: A. vulgaris leaves are collected, desiccated and then crushed and ground to obtain cones or cylinders of a woolly appearance (at least in part due to the clothing trichomes very abundant on the abaxial face of the leaves; see Fig. 1). These moxa are burned directly on the skin of the patient or with something separating them from the skin in a combustion process specifically called moxibustion, which is often combined with acu- punctural actions. This application has currently broken out beyond Chinese medicine frontiers, and it has been extensively adopted in Western countries through alternative medicines. A very wide range of pathologies is treated employing moxibustion. One of its basic functions is leukocyte activation, improving the body defence system (Abbate, 2002), which is consistent with the above-mentioned immunomodulator properties claimed for this and other Artemisia species, but it has also been used to treat very specific problems, such as breech presentation of the foetus during pregnancy to avoid breech birth ( Ewies and Olah, ...
Context 3
... the widespread assumption that within angiosperms, asymmet- rical karyotypes are derived from more symmetrical ones (Stace, 1989;Stebbins, 1971), it is perfectly plausible that in a genus such as Artemisia, belonging to a derived plant family, successive increases and decreases in karyotype symmetry could have occurred. The two major basic chromosome numbers (x ? 9, x ? 8) and the relationships between them are clear (see the above comments on descending dysploidy, which provided an increase in interchromosomal asymmetry), and given the high degree of karyotype symmetry dominating in the genus, it is to be assumed that most Artemisia karyotypes are secondarily symmetrical, following a mechanism considered usual by Stebbins (1971). The degree of karyotype symmetry in the genus is mostly useful at low taxonomic levels, basically concerning the relationships of closely related taxa, where a detailed karyotype analysis may indicate evolutionary trends. In this respect, asymmetrical karyotypes have been reported in representatives of the subgenera Dracunculus ( Filatova, 1971) and Seriphidium (Filatova, 1974a,b), which appear as derived clades in molecular phylogenetic analyses ( Garcia et al., 2011a;Pellicer et al., 2011). The karyotype of the tetraploid A. umbelliformis is more asymmetrical than that of diploid A. eriantha, suggesting a derived condition in the former, with the latter being at least one of the likely ancestors, and a similar situation is reported in the A. campestris complex ( Oliva and Vall?s, 1994; Vall?s and Siljak-Yakovlev, ...
Context 4
... here considered, the genus contains more than 600 taxa (at specific and infraspecific levels), although different treatments have attributed to the genus from 350 to around 550 species (Bremer and Humphries, 1993;Ling, 1982Ling, , 1991aLing, ,b, 1995aMabberley, 2008;McArthur, 1979;Vall?s and Garnatje, 2005;Vall?s and McArthur, 2001). One of the last revisions of subtribe Anthe- mideae ( Oberprieler et al., 2009) assigns 522 species to the genus and 18 to satellite genera often considered within the mother genus. Largely cosmopoli- tan, inhabiting from sea level to around 4000 masl and often landscape dom- inating, it is distributed in all continents but Antarctica (where no members of the Asteraceae occur; Funk et al., 2005), with a dramatic preference for the Northern Hemisphere and a low degree of colonisation of the Southern Hemi- sphere. The type species of the genus is A. vulgaris L. ( Jarvis et al., 1993). Four representative species of the genus are illustrated in Fig. ...
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Citations
... The active constituents of the selected plant were searched from the world's largest chemical databank, i.e. PubChem [14,24,[32][33][34]. From PubChem 25 active constituents of Artemisia annua based on resolution, chemical class, binding affinity and conformations, the 3D structures were downloaded in SDF format. ...
... The energies of the downloaded structures were minimized using MM2 force field in chem draw 3D software so that no effect on the docking score occurs. The selected ligands include Alpha-pinene, Beta-pinene, Carvone, Myrtenol, Quinic acid, Caffeic acid, Quercetin, Rutin, Apigenin, Chrysoplenetin, Arteannunin b, Artemisnin, Scopoletin, Scoparone, Artemisnic acid, Deoxyartemisnin, Artemetin, Casticin, Sitogluside, Betasitosterol, Dihydroartemisnin, Scopolin, Artemether, Artemotil and Artesunate (Table S2) [13,14,32,33,35]. ...
Background
In November 2019, the world faced a pandemic called SARS-CoV-2, which became a major threat to humans and continues to be. To overcome this, many plants were explored to find a cure.
Methods
Therefore, this research was planned to screen out the active constituents from Artemisia annua that can work against the viral main protease Mpro as this non-structural protein is responsible for the cleavage of replicating enzymes of the virus. Twenty-five biocompounds belonging to different classes namely alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, carvone, myrtenol, quinic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, rutin, apigenin, chrysoplenetin, arteannunin b, artemisinin, scopoletin, scoparone, artemisinic acid, deoxyartemisnin, artemetin, casticin, sitogluside, beta-sitosterol, dihydroartemisinin, scopolin, artemether, artemotil, artesunate were selected. Virtual screening of these ligands was carried out against drug target Mpro by CB dock.
Results
Quercetin, rutin, casticin, chrysoplenetin, apigenin, artemetin, artesunate, sopolin and sito-gluside were found as hit compounds. Further, ADMET screening was conducted which represented Chrysoplenetin as a lead compound. Azithromycin was used as a standard drug. The interactions were studied by PyMol and visualized in LigPlot. Furthermore, the RMSD graph shows fluctuations at various points at the start of simulation in Top1 (Azithromycin) complex system due to structural changes in the helix-coil-helix and beta-turn-beta changes at specific points resulting in increased RMSD with a time frame of 50 ns. But this change remains stable after the extension of simulation time intervals till 100 ns. On other side, the Top2 complex system remains highly stable throughout the time scale. No such structural dynamics were observed bu the ligand attached to the active site residues binds strongly.
Conclusion
This study facilitates researchers to develop and discover more effective and specific therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections. Finally, chrysoplenetin was identified as a more potent drug candidate to act against the viral main protease, which in the future can be helpful.
... Artemisia is among the largest and most wide-ranging genera in the Asteraceae (Compositae) family, boasting approximately 400 species . It is distributed mainly in Northern Hemisphere areas, such as Eurasia, North Africa, and North America, with rare occurrences in the Southern Hemisphere (Torrell et al. 2003;Vallès et al. 2011;Malik et al. 2017;Jiao et al. 2023). The genus contains life forms of herbs (including annual, biennial, and perennial), subshrubs, and shrubs, growing in a wide range of habitats, mainly in arid and semiarid environments (Konowalik et al. 2010;Sanz et al. 2011;Malik et al. 2017). ...
Artemisia is a large genus encompassing about 400 diverse species, many of which have considerable medicinal and ecological value. However, complex morphological information and variation in ploidy level and nuclear DNA content have presented challenges for evolution studies of this genus. Consequently, taxonomic inconsistencies within the genus persist, hindering the utilization of such large plant resources. Researchers have utilized satellite DNAs to aid in chromosome identification, species classification, and evolutionary studies due to their significant sequence and copy number variation between species and close relatives. In the present study, the RepeatExplorer2 pipeline was utilized to identify 10 satellite DNAs from three species (Artemisia annua, Artemisia vulgaris, Artemisia viridisquama), and fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed their distribution on chromosomes in 24 species, including 19 Artemisia species with 5 outgroup species from Ajania and Chrysanthemum. Signals of satellite DNAs exhibited substantial differences between species. We obtained one genus-specific satellite from the sequences. Additionally, molecular cytogenetic maps were constructed for Artemisia vulgaris, Artemisia leucophylla, and Artemisia viridisquama. One species (Artemisia verbenacea) showed a FISH distribution pattern suggestive of an allotriploid origin. Heteromorphic FISH signals between homologous chromosomes in Artemisia plants were observed at a high level. Additionally, the relative relationships between species were discussed by comparing ideograms. The results of the present study provide new insights into the accurate identification and taxonomy of the Artemisia genus using molecular cytological methods.
... The basic chromosome number x = 9, which is commonly found in the genus Artemisia, as well as the tribe Anthemideae and the family Asteraceae (Gupta et al. 2014). The evolutionary pathway of the genus is influenced by the effects of both autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy, along with dysploidy, either sequentially or concurrently (Vallès et al. 2011). Earlier reports have identified multiple cytotypes for A. vulgaris, among which the tetraploid form with 36 chromosomes, derived from the basic chromosome number x = 9, is the most commonly observed (Ekiert et al. 2020). ...
Artemisia vulgaris is a medicinally important essential oil-yielding plant belonging to Asteraceae, used as a traditional remedy against chronic diseases. The essential oil of this plant has been used as an insect repellent and antimicrobial agent. The growing concern of antibiotic resistance has forced to find an alternative way to control multi-drug-resistant urinary tract-infecting bacterial pathogens by using the essential oil and leaf extract of A. vulgaris for the first time. The antibacte-rial activity showed that the essential oil (in situ, ex vitro) and leaf crude extract (ex vitro) are highly effective on all human urinary tract-infecting pathogens. In contrast, ex vitro plant-mediated essential oil is most significant with an 18.07 ± 0.17-mm inhibition zone against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The ex vitro plants are also superior to the in situ plants for obtaining greater extract and essential oil content (950 µl), over a time period of 12 wk. To obtain the ex vitro plants, meta-topolin is used for in vitro regeneration of A. vulgaris for the first time, showing the highest mean shoot number (98.11 ± 0.31) regen-eration after 42 d, which is more significant in comparison with other studies conducted till date. The cytogenetic stability of the regenerated plantlets has been checked using start codon targeted polymorphism and cytological studies, conferring the homogeneity among regenerants along with in situ plant. Furthermore, the essential oil of the ex vitro plants was analysed through gas-chromatography mass spectroscopy, which detected a few compounds with bio-significance from A. vulgaris, including 2-carene, 2-(4-nitrophenyl) acetamide, β-guaiene, α-acorenol, and 10,12-Tricosadiyonic.
... Reproductive features and ecological preferences are usually regarded as key biological attributes to explain adaptive radiation in oceanic islands (García-Verdugo et al. 2014;Takayama et al. 2018). The small achenes of Artemisia present anemochorous dispersal (Vallès and McArthur 2001;Watson et al. 2002;Vallès et al. 2011), which ensures its long-range transport on a regular basis. Large capacity of seed dispersal may provide good inter-and intra-island colonization capabilities as well as high genetic diversity levels in island endemics (Pérez de Paz and Caujapé-Castells 2013), but may also prevent the genetic isolation of populations, a factor that has been identified as a major driving force in the process of radiation of species in oceanic islands (Losos and Ricklefs 2009;García-Verdugo et al. 2014). ...
... These genetic differentiation patterns could suggest that the species are experiencing ongoing evolutionary divergence processes eventually leading to a taxonomic diversification. Alternatively, given that the pollination of Artemisia species occurs also through air (Vallès and McArthur 2001;Watson et al. 2002;Vallès et al. 2011), long-range pollen transport could be contributing more than seed dispersal to the gene flow between populations from different islands, avoiding genetic isolation and speciation. ...
Anagenetic speciation is an important mode of evolution in oceanic islands, yet relatively understudied compared to adaptive radiation. In the Macaronesian region, three closely related species of Artemisia (i.e. A. argentea, A. thuscula and A. gorgonum) are each endemic from a single archipelago (i.e. Madeira, Canary Islands and Cape Verde, respectively), representing a perfect opportunity to study three similar but independent anagenetic speciation processes. By analysing plastid and nuclear DNA sequences, as well as nuclear DNA amount data, generated from a comprehensive sampling in all the islands and archipelagos where these species are currently distributed, we intend to find common evolutionary patterns that help us explain the limited taxonomic diversification experienced by endemic Macaronesian Artemisia. Our time-calibrated phylogenetic reconstruction suggested that divergence among the three lineages occurred in a coincidental short period of time during the Pleistocene. Haplotype and genetic differentiation analyses showed similar diversity values among A. argentea, A. thuscula and A. gorgonum. Clear phylogeographic patterns—showing comparable genetic structuring among groups of islands—were also found within the three archipelagos. Even from the cytogenetic point of view, the three species presented similarly lower genome size values compared to the mainland closely related species A. arborescens. We hypothesize that the limited speciation experienced by the endemic Artemisia in Madeira, Canary Islands and Cape Verde archipelagos could be related to their recent parallel evolutionary histories as independent lineages, combined with certain shared characteristics of seed dispersal, pollen transport and type of habitat.
... Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), comprising ca. 500 herb and shrub species, is one of the largest genera in the tribe Anthemideae of the family Asteraceae (Bremer and Humphries 1993;Martin et al. 2003;Oberprieler et al. 2009;Vallès et al. 2011). Most Artemisia species have important medicinal, ecological and economic values (Duffy and Mutabingwa 2006;Vallès et al. 2011). ...
... 500 herb and shrub species, is one of the largest genera in the tribe Anthemideae of the family Asteraceae (Bremer and Humphries 1993;Martin et al. 2003;Oberprieler et al. 2009;Vallès et al. 2011). Most Artemisia species have important medicinal, ecological and economic values (Duffy and Mutabingwa 2006;Vallès et al. 2011). Recent molecular phylogenetic studies of Artemisia have divided it into six subgenera, which are generally accepted: subg. ...
Artemisia qingheensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a new species from Qinghe County, Xinjiang, China, is described and illustrated. We investigated its phylogenetic position and relationships with 35 other species of Artemisia using whole chloroplast DNA sequence data. The molecular phylogenetic results and morphological evidence (multi-layered involucral bracts and homogamous capitula with bisexual flowers) showed that the new species belongs to Artemisia subgenus Seriphidium. A diagnostic table and discussion of morphological characters are provided to distinguish the new species from A. amoena , A. gracilescens , A. lessingiana and A. terrae-albae .
... The Artemisia genus, Asteraceae, comprises around 600 species distributed across all continents except Antarctica (Funk et al. 2005;Vallès et al. 2011). The species in this genus serves multiple purposes, such as being used as ornamentals, spices, and most importantly, traditional remedies in treating various ailments. ...
Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease, affects millions of lives and accounts for thousands of deaths each year. The Schistosoma parasites depend on two hosts during their lifecycle: snails as intermediate hosts and human beings as definitive hosts. Therefore, to control and ultimately eliminate schistosomiasis relies on the reduction of snail populations as well as the prevention and treatment of schistosomiasis infections. Praziquantel is the primary drug for prevention and treatment, and although it is considered safe and efficacious, concerns exist regarding emerging drug resistance due to mass drug administration. For this reason, novel antischistosomal drugs are in need and the genus Artemisia might be a promising source. Notably, Artemisia species not only have been evaluated for their antischistosomal effects against Schistosoma parasites, but also for their molluscicidal effects against the snail vectors. Extracts of Artemisia afra seem to be the most active, with IC 50 values comparable with the positive control, praziquantel. The antimalarial drug artemisinin, obtained from A. annua , and its semisynthetic derivatives artemether, artesunate, and artemisone have also been evaluated against both schistosomes and snail vectors. Artemether and artesunate have been found to be notably active against the adult and juvenile stages of schistosomes, whereas artemisone was shown to be effective in treating hosts harboring juvenile schistosomes. Artemisinin on the other hand in combination with praziquantel presents as a good lead combination in curing schistosomiasis.
Graphical Abstract
... These limitations have hindered our understanding of the evolution and taxonomy of these mega-diverse genera, which might be important in the economy (e.g. Syzygium, Parnell et al., 2007; Artemisia, Vallès et al., 2011;Solanum, Gagnon et al., 2022), ecology (e.g. Carex, Roalson et al., 2021) or conservation (e.g., Dendrobium, Niu et al., 2018;Wang et al., 2018). ...
... The genus Artemisia was first described by Linnaeus (1753). It is characterized by having: two types of capitula [heterogamousdisciform capitula (disc florets bisexual or functionally staminate, ray florets pistillate) or homogamous-discoid capitula (disc florets bisexual and fertile, ray florets absent)] (Fig. 1); pollen with short spines or no spines (the so-called Artemisia pollen type, Martín et al., 2003); and cypselae without ribs (Linnaeus, 1754(Linnaeus, , 1767Bremer and Humphries, 1993;Vallès et al., 2011). However, these characters are not diagnostic for Artemisia. ...
... The infrageneric taxonomy of Artemisia including the six subgenera described above is based mainly on morphological characters (Table 2). Traditionally, pollen type and floret functional sex spatial arrangement within the capitula are used to circumscribe the genus Artemisia (Bremer and Humphries, 1993;Watson et al., 2002;Vallès et al., 2011). Capitulum type was the main character for its infrageneric taxonomy (Table 2). ...
Background and aims:
Artemisia is a mega-diverse genus consisting of ca. 400 species. Despite its medicinal importance and ecological significance, a well-resolved phylogeny for global Artemisia, a natural generic delimitation and infrageneric taxonomy heretofore remain missing, owing to the obstructions from limited taxon sampling and insufficient information of DNA markers. Its morphological characters, like capitulum, life form, and leaf show marked variations, and are widely employed in its infrageneric taxonomy. However, their evolution within Artemisia are poorly understood. Here, we aim to reconstruct a well-resolved phylogeny for global Artemisia using phylogenomic approach, to infer the evolutionary patterns of its key morphological characters, and to update its circumscription and infrageneric taxonomy.
Methods:
We sampled 228 species (258 samples) of Artemisia and its allies from both fresh and herbarium collections covering all the subgenera and its main geographic areas, and conducted a phylogenomic analysis based on nuclear single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) obtained from genome skimming data. Base on the phylogenetic framework, we inferred the possible evolutionary patterns of six key morphological characters widely used in its previous taxonomy.
Key results:
The genus Kaschgaria was revealed to be nested in Artemisia with strong support. A well-resolved phylogeny of Artemisia consisting of eight highly-supported clades was recovered, two of which were first identified. Most of the previously recognized subgenera were not supported as monophyletic. Evolutionary inferences of the six morphological characters showed that different states of these characters independently originated more than one time.
Conclusions:
The circumscription of Artemisia is enlarged to include the genus Kaschgaria. The morphological characters traditionally used for the infrageneric taxonomy of Artemisia do not match the new phylogenetic tree. They experienced more complex evolutionary history than previously thought. We propose a revised infrageneric taxonomy of the newly circumscribed Artemisia with eight recognized subgenera to accommodate the new results.
... The genus Artemisia L., comprising ca. 500 herb and shrub species, is one of the largest in the Asteraceae [1][2][3][4][5]. Members of this genus are distributed mainly in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere [1,6], with the current centers of species diversity located in China and surrounding areas followed by Russia and adjacent states, Europe, Americas and North Africa [7][8][9]. ...
... 500 herb and shrub species, is one of the largest in the Asteraceae [1][2][3][4][5]. Members of this genus are distributed mainly in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere [1,6], with the current centers of species diversity located in China and surrounding areas followed by Russia and adjacent states, Europe, Americas and North Africa [7][8][9]. Artemisia typically attracts extensive scientific interest because of its antimalarial properties, and other pharmacological and economic value [1,10,11]. ...
... Members of this genus are distributed mainly in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere [1,6], with the current centers of species diversity located in China and surrounding areas followed by Russia and adjacent states, Europe, Americas and North Africa [7][8][9]. Artemisia typically attracts extensive scientific interest because of its antimalarial properties, and other pharmacological and economic value [1,10,11]. Although Artemisia is currently divided into the generally accepted five subgenera [subg. ...
Background:
Artemisia subg. Seriphidium, one of the most species-diverse groups within Artemisia, grows mainly in arid or semi-arid regions in temperate climates. Some members have considerable medicinal, ecological, and economic value. Previous studies on this subgenus have been limited by a dearth of genetic information and inadequate sampling, hampering our understanding of their phylogenetics and evolutionary history. We therefore sequenced and compared the chloroplast genomes of this subgenus, and evaluated their phylogenetic relationships.
Results:
We newly sequenced 18 chloroplast genomes of 16 subg. Seriphidium species and compared them with one previously published taxon. The chloroplast genomes, at 150,586-151,256 bp in length, comprised 133 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes, and one pseudogene, with GC content of 37.40-37.46%. Comparative analysis showed that genomic structures and gene order were relatively conserved, with only some variation in IR borders. A total of 2203 repeats (1385 SSRs and 818 LDRs) and 8 highly variable loci (trnK - rps16, trnE - ropB, trnT, ndhC - trnV, ndhF, rpl32 - trnL, ndhG - ndhI and ycf1) were detected in subg. Seriphidium chloroplast genomes. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole chloroplast genomes based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses resolved subg. Seriphidium as polyphyletic, and segregated into two main clades, with the monospecific sect. Minchunensa embedded within sect. Seriphidium, suggesting that the whole chloroplast genomes can be used as molecular markers to infer the interspecific relationship of subg. Seriphidium taxa.
Conclusion:
Our findings reveal inconsistencies between the molecular phylogeny and traditional taxonomy of the subg. Seriphidium and provide new insights into the evolutionary development of this complex taxon. Meanwhile, the whole chloroplast genomes with sufficiently polymorphic can be used as superbarcodes to resolve interspecific relationships in subg. Seriphidium.
... In China, A. borotalensis is distributed over desert or semi-desert grassland in the Gobi and on gravel hillside areas in Xinjiang (Figure 1). Most Artemisia species have important medicinal, ecological, and economic value (Duffy and Mutabingwa 2006;Vall es et al. 2011). Song et al. (2021) reported that the essential oils contained in A. borotalensis can effectively kill cotton aphids and psyllids. ...
Artemisia borotalensis Poljakov is an endemic and endangered herb in China. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the complete chloroplast genome of this species. Sequencing revealed the genome to be 151,179 bp in length, containing a large single copy region (82,862 bp), a small single copy region (18,377 bp), and a pair of inverted repeat regions (24,970 bp each). Our analyses demonstrated that it contained 133 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes, and one pseudogene (ycf1). Furthermore, we found the genome to have an overall GC content of 37.4%. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that A. borotalensis and A. maritima clustered together as sister group to A. annua and A. fukudo clade.
... Extensive research has resulted in the isolation of a number of bioactive secondary metabolites, such as essential oils, flavonoids, terpenes, esters, and phenolic [13,14]. Many compounds from the genus showed antimalarial, antiviral, anticancer, antipyretic, antihemorrhagic, anticoagulant, antianginal, antioxidant, antiulcer, and antispasmodic properties [1,[15][16][17]. ...
As a promising source of biologically active substances, the Artemisia species from Kazakhstan have not been investigated efficiently. Considering the rich history, medicinal values, and availability of the Artemisia plants, systematic investigations of two Artemisia species growing in the East Kazakhstan region were conducted. In this study, one new germacrane-type sesquiterpene lactone (11), together with 10 known sesquiterpenes and its dimer, were characterized from A. nitrosa Weber. Additionally, one new chromene derivative (1’) with another 12 known compounds, including coumarins, sesquiterpene diketones, phenyl propanoids, polyacetylenics, dihydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, fatty acids, naphthalene derivatives, flavones, and caffeic acid derivatives were isolated from A. marschalliana Spreng. All compounds were isolated and identified for the first time from these two Artemisia species. The structures of new compounds (11, 1’) were established by using UV, TOFMS, LC–MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses. The cytotoxicity of all isolated compounds was evaluated. As a result, all compounds did not show significant inhibition against HL-60 and A-549 cell lines. The sesquiterpenoids isolated from A. nitrosa were tested for their inhibitory activity against the LPS-induced NO release from the RAW624.7 cells, and neither of them exhibited significant activity.
