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In August 2016, severe infestations of sesame crops by the sesame leaf webber and capsule borer, Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), were recorded in rural areas of the Regional Unit of Drama, Northern Greece. Larval feeding-damage symptoms were observed on leaves and capsules. Infestations were recorded in all of the insp...
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... the particular sesame field in the area of Nerofraktis very extensive foliage loss was observed (Fig. 5). Mean percentage of infested plants was greater than 80% and approximately 50% of the capsules were seriously affected. Yield losses were estimated to be higher than 50%, due to direct insect damage and premature opening of the infested capsules. It is worth to mention that even a minimal damage of the capsules resulted in early ...
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Sesame is an essential plant in terms of both the quality and quantity of oil it contains and the fact that it can be cultivated in various places of Turkey. In Mardin Province, no studies have been conducted to determine the best time to sow sesame cultivars (Sesamum indicum L.). In this study, ten different sesame cultivars were analyzed; these w...
В ръководството са разгледани някои общи въпроси за хетерозиса и теориите за обяснението му. Засегнати са селекционно-семепроизводни аспекти по този въпрос при фъстъци, сусам и ориз в световен мащаб. Разгледани са 12 български хибридни комбинации при тези култури. Третирани са общовалидни явления при анализа на хетирозиса, които могат да бъдат изпо...
Citations
... Terminal leaves, flowers and capsules Mandal and Bhattacharya (1980), Shankaramurthy et al. (2015a), Simoglou et al. (2017), Poltavsky et al. (2018), Mally et al. (2019). ...
Spilomelinae includes several pest species on various crop plants and larvae act as shoot borers, fruit borers, leaf webbers, leaf folders and leaf rollers. In the current paper, Spilomelinae fauna associated with crop plants in Karnataka are reviewed. Totally, 27 species were collected and reared on their host plants. Of these, five species are new records from Karnataka. Further, the morphological characteristics of adults of all the 27 species are described with photographs and keys.
... Webworm causes leaf webbing, as well as capsule and seed damage [31]. Simoglou et al. [153] reported more than 50% yield loss due to webworm damage and premature opening of the infested capsules. Most released sesame varieties are susceptible to the major diseases caused by bacteria (e.g., blight caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. ...
Sesame production and productivity are severely constrained by a lack of high-yielding and locally adapted varieties, susceptibility to capsule shattering and low seed retention, biotic and abiotic stresses, and a lack of modern production and pre- and post-harvest technologies. Unimproved landraces are widely cultivated in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. The landrace varieties are low yielders (<0.6 tons·ha−1), but they possess intrinsic seed oil quality characteristics, such as unique aroma and taste. Therefore, current and future sesame genetic improvement programs should integrate yield- and quality-promoting traits, local adaptation, amenability to machine harvesting, and other industrially essential food and feed attributes for multiple utilities. This can be achieved by integrating the conventional breeding methods, as well as genetic and genomic techniques such as mutation breeding and genomics-assisted breeding. Therefore, the objective of this review is to document the breeding progress, opportunities, and challenges of sesame with regard to genetic improvement, variety release, and deployment with enhanced seed yield and related agronomic traits, as well as oil content and fatty acid compositions. The review highlights sesame’s economic values, production status, major production constraints, conventional breeding methods, and genomics-assisted breeding, as well as their integration, for accelerated breeding and cultivar development with market-preferred traits.
... catalaunalis (Simoglou et al., 2017). Ladybird beetles, both adults and larvae feed on aphids and minimize the population of aphids in the field (Snyder et al., 2004). ...
... and Geocoris spp Nabis spp feed on adult flea beetles (Bunn et al., 2015). Mondal & Chakraborty, 2016;Ojo et al., 2014;Simoglou et al., 2017;Sultana & Khan, 2015) A. sativum (garlic), A. muricata (Soursop), P. hydropiper (water pepper) Jassids, carterpillars and thrips ( Ahmed et al., 2014;Bissdorf & Weber, 2007;Saritha, 2020;Ugwu, 2020) A. squamosa (custard apple) Sesame flea beetle, whiteflies, aphids and spider mites ( Lin et al., 2009) Sesame seed oil (S. indicum) and neem seed oil (A. ...
... Braconidae spp and Ichneumonidae spp parasitize and kill the larvae of A. catalaunalis (Simoglou et al., 2017). Also parasitoid M. vittage kill adult flea beetle (Kuepper, 2015). ...
Sesame is an important oil seed crop worldwide. However, its production faces a number of challenges such as infestation by insect pests and diseases, use of unimproved seeds by farmers and drought. Among all, insect pest is considered the most serious challenge affecting sesame production particularly in the Africa region. The common insect pests affecting sesame production in African smallholder farmers are Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, Bemisia tabaci, Antigastra catalaunalis, Orosius albicinctus, Tetranychus urticae, Spodoptera frugiperda and Alocypha bimaculata. These insect pests infest sesame at different stages of growth posing immense damage resulting into huge loss of yields. To control these insect pests most African smallholder farmers, use synthetic pesticides. However, most of those synthetic pesticides used cause environmental pollution and detriment effects to pollinators and natural enemies. Therefore, this paper reviews sesame insect pests and how they can be managed using bio-pesticides in African..
... catalaunalis (Simoglou et al., 2017). Ladybird beetles, both adults and larvae feed on aphids and minimize the population of aphids in the field (Snyder et al., 2004). ...
... and Geocoris spp Nabis spp feed on adult flea beetles (Bunn et al., 2015). Mondal & Chakraborty, 2016;Ojo et al., 2014;Simoglou et al., 2017;Sultana & Khan, 2015) A. sativum (garlic), A. muricata (Soursop), P. hydropiper (water pepper) Jassids, carterpillars and thrips ( Ahmed et al., 2014;Bissdorf & Weber, 2007;Saritha, 2020;Ugwu, 2020) A. squamosa (custard apple) Sesame flea beetle, whiteflies, aphids and spider mites ( Lin et al., 2009) Sesame seed oil (S. indicum) and neem seed oil (A. ...
... Braconidae spp and Ichneumonidae spp parasitize and kill the larvae of A. catalaunalis (Simoglou et al., 2017). Also parasitoid M. vittage kill adult flea beetle (Kuepper, 2015). ...
... catalaunalis (Simoglou et al., 2017). Ladybird beetles, both adults and larvae feed on aphids and minimize the population of aphids in the field (Snyder et al., 2004). ...
... and Geocoris spp Nabis spp feed on adult flea beetles (Bunn et al., 2015). Mondal & Chakraborty, 2016;Ojo et al., 2014;Simoglou et al., 2017;Sultana & Khan, 2015) A. sativum (garlic), A. muricata (Soursop), P. hydropiper (water pepper) Jassids, carterpillars and thrips ( Ahmed et al., 2014;Bissdorf & Weber, 2007;Saritha, 2020;Ugwu, 2020) A. squamosa (custard apple) Sesame flea beetle, whiteflies, aphids and spider mites ( Lin et al., 2009) Sesame seed oil (S. indicum) and neem seed oil (A. ...
... Braconidae spp and Ichneumonidae spp parasitize and kill the larvae of A. catalaunalis (Simoglou et al., 2017). Also parasitoid M. vittage kill adult flea beetle (Kuepper, 2015). ...
Sesame is an important oil seed crop worldwide. However, its production faces a number of challenges such as
infestation by insect pests and diseases, use of unimproved seeds by farmers and drought. Among all, insect pest
is considered the most serious challenge affecting sesame production particularly in the Africa region. The
common insect pests affecting sesame production in African smallholder farmers are Myzus persicae, Aphis
gossypii, Bemisia tabaci, Antigastra catalaunalis, Orosius albicinctus, Tetranychus urticae, Spodoptera
frugiperda and Alocypha bimaculata. These insect pests infest sesame at different stages of growth posing
immense damage resulting into huge loss of yields. To control these insect pests most African smallholder
farmers, use synthetic pesticides. However, most of those synthetic pesticides used cause environmental
pollution and detriment effects to pollinators and natural enemies. Therefore, this paper reviews sesame insect
pests and how they can be managed using bio-pesticides in African..
... Severe infestation of sesame webworm, leaf, flower and capsule injury percentage on sesame can affect yield considerably.10 to 71% plant infestation and 10 to 43.5% capsule infestation, resulting in 8.9 to 71.5% yield loss (Singh, 1983). Infestation of sesame webworm was greater than 80% and 50% of the capsules were seriously affected and resulted 50% yield losses (Simoglou et al. 2017 indicated that protection of sesame webworm with chemical insecticides reduced the grain yield losses of sesame. This is in line with (Mamta 2017) who reported that maximum grain yield was recorded on insecticide treated sesame byspinosad (8.22 q ha-1) followed by indoxacarb (8.18 q ha-1), acephate (7.85 q ha-1) and carbaryl (7.59) and these chemicals were best in enhancing the yield of sesame. ...
Sesame (Sesamumindicum L.) is an annual plant that belongs to the family Pedaliaceae and it is one of the most export oil crops in Ethiopia. However, the production of sesame is low because of different insect pests damaged. Among the insect pest sesame webworm is one of the most important and causes a significant loss. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of different insecticides against sesame webworm. A field experiment was conducted at Humera Agricultural Research Center at three locations (Humera, Banat and Maygeba) during the main growing season in 2017 and 2018.The experiment was laid down in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The newly released sesame variety Setit-2 was used as a planting material. Results revealed that the highest incidence, leafinjury, flower injury and capsule injury were recorded on untreated (control) as compared with chemical sprayed plots. The highest grain yield was obtained from the plots sprayed with Agro-lambacin supper315EC (417.15 kg/ha), Diaznon60%EC (413.02kg/ha), Dimethoate40%EC (407.99kg/ha), Pritacet10 EC (406.05kg/ha), Carbaryl85% WP (403.16kg/ha), and Modan5%EC (400.27kg/ha). The highest avoidable yield losses due to sesame webworm was also recorded on Agro-lambacin super 315 EC (32.33%), Diazinon60% EC (31.66%), Dimethoate40%EC (30.82%), Pritacet1 0 EC (30.49%) and Modan5%EC (30.07%) respectively compared to the other sprayed plots and untreated plot. The highest benefit cost ratio was obtained from Agro-lambacin super 315 EC (5.07), Pritacet10 EC (4.57) and Modan5%EC (4.46) while the lowest was in Selecron720EC (0.04) and Chloropyriphos48% EC (0.15). Therefore, based on the benefit cost ratio (BCR) and their efficacy insecticides such as Agro-lambacin super 315 EC and Modan5%EC are help full to reduce sesame webworm damage in the study area and other similar agro ecologies.
... The higher damage of leaf (8.1%), flower (39.8%) and capsule (39.7%) was recorded on the control (untreated), and it was significantly similar with the one-time-sprayed plots. Minimum percent of seed loss per damaged capsule (30.0%) was calculated on the weekly sprayed plot, while the maximum percent of seed loss per damaged capsule (87.3%) was from the untreated plot (Table 2) and Simoglou et al. [24] estimated more than 50% of seed losses. Thus, it could be noted that the frequent insecticide spray had less leaf, flower and capsule damage and reduced seed loss. ...
Background
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the most important crops in Ethiopia for international market, while its production is challenged by insect infestations and inappropriate agronomic practices. Sesame webworm (Antigastra catalaunalis) is the major pest, which causes heavy losses in Humera areas, Northern Ethiopia. This study aims to determine optimum sowing time and insecticide application frequency for controlling A. catalaunalis.
Results
The results showed that the early sowing gave minimum infestation of sesame webworm and better sesame grain yield. The integration of early sowing and weekly spray (T16) resulted in low incidence (8.8%) and higher grain yield (651 kg/ha), where the combination of late sowing and untreated (control) plot (T3) gave higher incidence (100%) and lower grain yield (69.1 kg/ha). The maximum level of leaf, flower and capsule damage was scored on the late sowing and untreated plot, while the lowest was in the early sowing and weekly sprayed plot.
Conclusions
Planting sesame early on the onset of rainfall followed with two application of insecticide at 2 and 4 weeks after emergence was found economical and optimum management option for controlling A. catalaunalis.
The incidence ofthe leaf webber/capsule borer, Antigastra catalaunalis Duponchel (Lepidoptera:Crambidae) is common during vegetative, flowering and pod formation stages of sesame during two seasons. The sesame genotypes (n=60) were screened for A. catalaunalis during two season 1 and 2. In season 1, four genotypes, SES-K-20-2010, SES-K-20-3002, SES-K-20-1062 and SES-K-20-2022 were found free from A. catalaunalis incidence. The sesame genotypes (n=60) graded for A. catalaunalis as highly resistant (15 genotypes), resistant (12 genotypes), moderately resistant (15 genotypes), susceptible (6 genotypes) and highly susceptible (12 genotypes) based on incidence. In season 2, none of genotype was found free from A. catalaunalis incidence. The sesame genotypes (n=60) graded for A. catalaunalis as highly resistant (1 genotype), resistant (17 genotypes), moderately resistant (28 genotypes), susceptible (13 genotypes) and highly susceptible (1 genotype) based on incidence. To summarize, 16 genotypes were highly resistant to A. catalaunalis and the resistant genotypes can be used as donor in future breeding programmes.
An updated checklist of insect pests of sesame Sesamum indicum L. is provided, with 201 species included. Among these, the Cicadellidae with 20 species and Pentatomidae with 19 species are the predominant ones followed by Noctuidae (14), Miridae (11) and Chrysomelidae (10). Crop pest diversity analysis indicated that the foliage feeders were dominant group (54%) comprising both sucking pests (Orosius albicinctus, Nesidiocoris tenuis, Bemisia tabaci and Aphis gossypi) and defoliators (Antigastra catalaunalis, Spilosoma obliqua, Acherontia lachesis and A. styx). The pod feeding bugs (Elasmolomus sordidus, Clavigralla gibbosa, Nezara viridula and Dolycoris indicus) (16%) follow.
Key words: Sesame, insect pests, Cicadellidae, Pentatomidae, Noctuidae, Miridae, Chrysomelidae, foliage feeders, pod feeders
