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Layout of dental radiology office to ensure adherence to infection control protocol.
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The pandemic of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has emerged as a global catastrophe that is plaguing mankind. In the past eight months since the world discovered about COVID-19, we learned a lot about server acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) and perhaps there is much more to discover and understand about the virus. With the curre...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... room for wearing and uncovering the PPEs is essential. The tactical placement of the old and new stock should be done so that new stock remains undisturbed till the potential virus remains viable on inanimate objects (Figure 1). To further setup the mitigation measures of cross-contamination, layout of the health centre can be modified to have separate entry and exit gates along with the placement of horizontal directional signage at multiple strategic place [30]. ...
Context 2
... room for wearing and uncovering the PPEs is essential. The tactical placement of the old and new stock should be done so that new stock remains undisturbed till the potential virus remains viable on inanimate objects ( Figure 1). To further setup the mitigation measures of cross-contamination, layout of the health centre can be modified to have separate entry and exit gates along with the placement of horizontal directional signage at multiple strategic place [30]. ...
Context 3
... such a situation, patient should be advised to undergo screening test for COVID-19 and should remain in quarantine for about 14 days [25]. Additionally, the level of oxygen saturation can be assessed with pulse Figure 1. Layout of dental radiology office to ensure adherence to infection control protocol. ...
Context 4
... room for wearing and uncovering the PPEs is essential. The tactical placement of the old and new stock should be done so that new stock remains undisturbed till the potential virus remains viable on inanimate objects (Figure 1). To further setup the mitigation measures of cross-contamination, layout of the health centre can be modified to have separate entry and exit gates along with the placement of horizontal directional signage at multiple strategic place [30]. ...
Context 5
... room for wearing and uncovering the PPEs is essential. The tactical placement of the old and new stock should be done so that new stock remains undisturbed till the potential virus remains viable on inanimate objects ( Figure 1). To further setup the mitigation measures of cross-contamination, layout of the health centre can be modified to have separate entry and exit gates along with the placement of horizontal directional signage at multiple strategic place [30]. ...
Context 6
... such a situation, patient should be advised to undergo screening test for COVID-19 and should remain in quarantine for about 14 days [25]. Additionally, the level of oxygen saturation can be assessed with pulse Figure 1. Layout of dental radiology office to ensure adherence to infection control protocol. ...
Context 7
... room for wearing and uncovering the PPEs is essential. The tactical placement of the old and new stock should be done so that new stock remains undisturbed till the potential virus remains viable on inanimate objects (Figure 1). To further setup the mitigation measures of cross-contamination, layout of the health centre can be modified to have separate entry and exit gates along with the placement of horizontal directional signage at multiple strategic place [30]. ...
Context 8
... room for wearing and uncovering the PPEs is essential. The tactical placement of the old and new stock should be done so that new stock remains undisturbed till the potential virus remains viable on inanimate objects ( Figure 1). To further setup the mitigation measures of cross-contamination, layout of the health centre can be modified to have separate entry and exit gates along with the placement of horizontal directional signage at multiple strategic place [30]. ...
Context 9
... such a situation, patient should be advised to undergo screening test for COVID-19 and should remain in quarantine for about 14 days [25]. Additionally, the level of oxygen saturation can be assessed with pulse Figure 1. Layout of dental radiology office to ensure adherence to infection control protocol. ...
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Citations
... However, accurate interpretation is often challenging with two-dimensional radiographs due to the superimposition of anatomical structures [15]. Concerns regarding radiation exposure, the number of radiographs taken, and the time required to acquire radiographs [16][17][18]. ...
Background
Successful endodontic treatment needs accurate determination of working length (WL). Electronic apex locators (EALs) were presented as an alternative to radiographic methods; and since then, they have evolved and gained popularity in the determination of WL. However, there is insufficient evidence on the post-operative pain, adequacy, and accuracy of EALs in determining WL.
Objective
The systematic review and meta-analysis aims to gather evidence regarding the effectiveness of EALs for WL determination when compared to different imaging techniques along with postoperative pain associated with WL determination, the number of radiographs taken during the procedure, the time taken, and the adverse effects.
Methods
For the review, clinical studies with cross-over and parallel-arm randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in seven electronic databases, followed by cross-referencing of the selected studies and related research synthesis. Risk of bias (RoB) assessment was carried out with Cochrane's RoB tool and a random-effects model was used. The meta-analysis was performed with the RevMan software 5.4.1.
Results
Eleven eligible RCTs were incorporated into the review and eight RCTs into the meta-analysis, of which five had high RoB and the remaining six had unclear RoB. Following meta-analysis, no significant difference in postoperative pain was found among the EAL and radiograph groups (SMD 0.00, CI .29 to .28, 354 participants; P value = 0.98). Radiograph group showed better WL accuracy (SMD 0.55, CI .11 to .99, 254 participants; P value = 0.02), while the EAL group had 10% better WL adequacy (RR 1.10, CI 1.03–1.18, 573 participants; P value = 0.006).
Conclusion
We found very low-certainty evidence to support the efficacy of different types of EAL compared to radiography for the outcomes tested. We were unable to reach any conclusions about the superiority of any type of EAL. Well-planned RCTs need to be conducted by standardizing the outcomes and outcome measurement methods.
... The masticatory system is a combination of digestive and neuromuscular functions, including the teeth and supporting structures (the jaws, temporomandibular joints, and muscles) [6][7][8], circulatory system, and neurological networks [9][10][11][12]. The masticatory system operates as a single unit; if any elements develop a functional or structural abnormality [13], this may be reflected in one or more of the other elements suffering their own functional or structural disorders [14], in addition, muscle tone is often also influenced by psychological aspects [15] such as anxiety and stress, which are greatly increased in this period due to Covid-19 [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. ...
The primary function of prosthetic restoration is to keep the function of the mouth healthy. That must be achieved through complete harmony between the masticatory system and the restoration. Prosthodontists should have a clear understanding of how the masticatory system functions. That encompasses knowing the muscles’ origins, insertions, movements, and functional and para-functional activities to understand the prosthetic restorations’ influences on these muscles. This review aimed to refresh the knowledge of the prosthodontists about the masticatory systems, including hard and soft tissues, and give ideas about their relationship to prosthetic restorations.
... 25 In this context, the CDC's guidelines included specific considerations for infection control in oral radiology, 26 since restricting access to care and implementing infection control protocols were the only mechanisms that could mitigate the spread of the disease. 27 Although there are several recommendations for infection control in oral radiology, little is known about professional compliance in routine practice. Considering the recent emergence of COVID-19, studies evaluating the adherence of dentists and dental students to infection control have become increasingly relevant. ...
Purpose: In the context of COVID-19, studies evaluating the adherence of dentists and dental students to infection
control are relevant due to their high occupational exposure and risk, as well as their responsibility for disseminating
information and good practices. This study evaluated the adherence of dentists and dental students to infection control
in the oral radiology field in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic on different continents.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study involved individuals who performed intraoral
radiographic examinations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Questionnaire on Infection Control in Oral Radiology
was administered virtually using a Google Form. Participants from different continents (the Americas, Africa, Europe,
Asia, and Oceania) were recruited. Data were subjected to descriptive analysis and simple and multiple binary
regression (5%).
Results: There were 582 valid answers, and 68.73% of the participants were from the Americas, 18.90% from Europe,
and 12.37% from Asia. The median score for infection control protocols was 94 points for dental students and 104
points for dentists, and participants below the median were considered to have low adherence to infection control in
oral radiology. Low access to infection control was found for 53.0% of dentists in the Americas, 34.0% from Europe,
and 26.9% from Asia.
Conclusion: The adherence to infection control protocols in oral radiology was low even in the face of the COVID-19
pandemic. The results may help improve the awareness of students and professionals, since oral radiology routines
have the potential for transmitting COVID-19.
... Radiographs can be especially helpful in assessing the presence and extent of oral cancer as they provide a non-invasive and comprehensive view of the affected areas, aiding in early detection and precise treatment planning. One of the most valuable, standard, and routinely used diagnostic tools are radiographs, which are an adjunct to clinical examination in diagnosing dental diseases [6,7]. It is a painless and quick method that is the most preferred and reliable [8]. ...
Background and Objective
Dental panoramic radiographs are utilized in computer-aided image analysis, which detects abnormal tissue masses by analyzing the produced image capacity to recognize patterns of intensity fluctuations. This is done to reduce the need for invasive biopsies for arriving to a diagnosis. The aim of the current study was to examine and compare the accuracy of several texture analysis techniques, such as Grey Level Run Length Matrix (GLRLM), Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), and wavelet analysis in recognizing dental cyst, tumor, and abscess lesions.
Materials & Methods
The current retrospective study retrieved a total of 172 dental panoramic radiographs with lesion including dental cysts, tumors, or abscess. Radiographs that failed to meet technical criteria for diagnostic quality (such as significant overlap of teeth, a diffuse image, or distortion) were excluded from the sample. The methodology adopted in the study comprised of five stages. At first, the radiographs are improved, and the area of interest was segmented manually. A variety of feature extraction techniques, such GLCM, GLRLM, and the wavelet analysis were used to gather information from the area of interest. Later, the lesions were classified as a cyst, tumor, abscess, or using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Eventually, the data was transferred into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) (version 21) was used to conduct the statistical analysis. Initially descriptive statistics were computed. For inferential analysis, statistical significance was determined by a p value < 0.05. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were used to find the significant difference between assessed and actual diagnosis.
Results
The findings demonstrate that 98% accuracy was achieved using GLCM, 91% accuracy using Wavelet analysis & 95% accuracy using GLRLM in distinguishing between dental cyst, tumor, and abscess lesions. The area under curve (AUC) number indicates that GLCM achieves a high degree of accuracy. The results achieved excellent accuracy (98%) using GLCM.
Conclusion
The GLCM features can be used for further research. After improving the performance and training, it can support routine histological diagnosis and can assist the clinicians in arriving at accurate and spontaneous treatment plans.
... Finally, proper control of infections by dental surgeons/oral pathologists/oral radiologists/technicians is a must and they should follow everything according to new guidelines in a COVID-19 scenario from handling a patient to various dental procedures/radiological procedures whether in a dental setup or academic institute [46]. ...
During the second wave of coronavirus disease, or COVID-19, infection due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus in the year 2021 around the globe, there is a surge in the number of cases of mucormycosis or “Black Fungus” that is directly/indirectly associated with COVID-19.
In this review article, mucormycosis of the orofacial region has gained importance from the maximum published literature (45 articles) from various databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase.
Rhino-orbital cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is a fatal condition associated with COVID-19 among categories of mucormycosis such as pulmonary, oral, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, and disseminated. ROCM targets the maxillary sinus, also involving teeth of the maxilla, orbits, and ethmoidal sinus. These are of particular interest to dentists and oral pathologists for proper diagnosis and identification. Co-morbid conditions, especially diabetes mellitus type II, have to be monitored carefully in COVID-19 patients as they have a higher risk of developing mucormycosis. In this review article, various presentations of COVID-19-linked mucormycosis are mentioned having particular emphasis on pathogenesis, signs and symptoms, clinical presentation, various diagnostic modalities including histopathology, radiology like CT and MRI, serology, tissue culture, various laboratory investigations, treatment protocols, management with prognosis, and so on. Any suspected case of mucormycosis needs quick detection and treatment since it progresses quickly due to the destructive course of infection.
Long-term follow-up along with proper care is a must to detect any kind of recurrence.
... Due to the close contact with the patient's saliva and the possibility of stimulating coughing and/or vomiting through the technical procedure, intraoral exams are the ones that most pose a risk of crossinfection [12]. To reduce this risk, extra oral exams were recommended during the outbreak of the coronavirus as an infection control strategy [8,10,13]. In this study, we can observe an increase in the number of extra oral exams, panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), respecting the recommendations regarding to the safest type of radiographic exam to avoid contamination by coronavirus. ...
... It is important to emphasize that conventional (non-digital) imaging exams can bring an increased risk of transmission of harmful agents. On the other hand, many private dental offices, which contain devices for intraoral radiographs, still maintain the analog pattern of the images, requiring more cautious measures during the execution of the exams [10,13,14]. ...
... On the other hand, in specific radiology clinics, the digital flow, added to their high mastery of image processing software and the ease of file sharing through teleradiology [13], allows exams to be evaluated and documented remotely, which makes the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 more difficult in these environments, either by reducing the staff at the workplace or by not handling printed exams. Teleradiology is extremely important for situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic or even to facilitate patient care, or to share information through digital means more quickly and efficiently [15]. ...
Objective:
To analyze the challenges and impacts of COVID-19 on the routine of Brazilian oral radiologists regarding changes in biosafety protocols, number of patients and staff, the flow of acquisition, and availability of images.
Methods:
Structured digital questionnaires with questions related to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Oral Radiology were applied and analyzed. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to describe the items included in the survey, and means and standard deviations were calculated to describe continuous variables and frequency percentages to describe categorical data.
Results:
A high number of Brazilian oral radiologists continued to work in the pandemic period, with little or no change in their working hours. Digital flow and teleradiology are in most of their workplaces and the changes imposed by the pandemic will be incorporated and permanent, according to most of the participants in this study.
Conclusions:
The COVID-19 pandemic brought important impacts on radiology clinics, with changes in the flow of patients, in the service and in the type of exam performed. In addition, adaptation to biosafety standards became necessary, with a significant increase in spending on personal protective equipment.
... A teleodontologia, ramo das competências que englobam a Telessaúde, pode ser definida como a realização de atividades através do uso de tecnologias e do espaço digital visando à promoção da saúde bucal (Associação Brasileira de Ensino Odontológico [ABENO], 2020). Apesar de ser um conceito existente há um bom tempo, desde 1997, era pouco praticado (Saeed, et al., 2020;Sushanth et al., 2020). Com o advento da pandemia e suas implicações referentes à necessidade de distanciamento social, começou a ser utilizada em maior escala visando agilizar o encaminhamento entre os cirurgiõesdentistas, a redução da necessidade de atendimento de urgência presencial, além de facilitar o acesso a populações marginalizadas (Saeed et al., 2020;Sushanth et al., 2020). ...
... Apesar de ser um conceito existente há um bom tempo, desde 1997, era pouco praticado (Saeed, et al., 2020;Sushanth et al., 2020). Com o advento da pandemia e suas implicações referentes à necessidade de distanciamento social, começou a ser utilizada em maior escala visando agilizar o encaminhamento entre os cirurgiõesdentistas, a redução da necessidade de atendimento de urgência presencial, além de facilitar o acesso a populações marginalizadas (Saeed et al., 2020;Sushanth et al., 2020). ...
... Os profissionais da Odontologia passaram a verificar a temperatura corporal e aplicar um questionário de sintomas referentes à COVID-19 (Quadro 1) aos pacientes. Essa triagem possibilita avaliar a urgência do atendimento e o protocolo de tratamento (ABENO, 2020;Ali et al., 2020;CDC, 2020a;Chigurupati et al., 2020;Lins et al., 2020;Sa et al., 2021;Sukumar et al., 2021;Sushanth et al., 2020). Barabari & Moharamzadeh, 2020;CDC, 2020a;Chigurupati et al., 2020;Fernandez et al., 2020;Ghani, 2020;Gurgel et al., 2020;León et al., 2020;Lins et al., 2020;Machado et al., 2020;Meng, Hua, & Bian, 2020;Ministério da Saúde , 2022;Peres, Reher, Castro, & Vieira, 2020;Sa et al., 2021;Sukumar et al., 2021;Sushanth et al., 2020). ...
A pandemia da COVID-19 afetou o ensino superior no mundo inteiro. Em especial, os cursos de Odontologia que paralisaram suas práticas e, atualmente, retornaram suas atividades com adequações de biossegurança para garantir um retorno seguro. Este trabalho visou contribuir com a discussão dos impactos da COVID-19 na educação odontológica brasileira durante os dois primeiros anos dessa pandemia. Realizou-se uma revisão narrativa e análise documental exploratória e comparativa. Houve uma busca inicial livre por documentos oficiais e notas técnicas. Após, uma busca por artigos científicos nas bases de dados Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCOhost e GoogleScholar com os descritores: COVID-19 AND ODONTOLOGIA AND DIRETRIZES AND ENSINO ODONTOLÓGICO. Depois, os dados foram organizados em planilhas do Microsoft Excel para comparação. Foram propostas adequações nas formas de acolhimento, recepção e assistência ao paciente, a fim de evitar a contaminação em ambientes coletivos. O distanciamento social, a teletriagem, a conduta correta frente ao paciente sintomático e o uso de novos equipamentos de proteção individual, também foram implementados. Algumas medidas já existentes como a higiene das mãos foi reforçada, visto que é uma das principais formas de prevenção contra o SARS-CoV-2 e outros patógenos. Verificou-se a necessidade de assegurar aos usuários a adequada ventilação do ambiente, para evitar a disseminação dos aerossóis gerados durante o atendimento. Diante desse cenário que impulsiona transformações no ensino odontológico e considerando a possibilidade de novas pandemias, é fundamental incluir no ensino odontológico treinamentos e protocolos para gestão de crises durante colapsos na saúde.
... The World Health Organization (WHO) reported of series of pneumonia like cases in Wuhan, People's Republic of China in December 2019 (Zhu et al., 2020). Consequently, the causative pathogen for this atypical pneumonia-like disease was declared as a novel Coronavirus which originated from the beta-corona virus family tree (Anu Sushanth et al., 2020;Zhu et al., 2020). Initially, it was named as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV); following further elaborate findings through multinational research, the WHO named the disease as coronavirus disease 2019 and the causative pathogen as severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (Tang et al., 2020;World Health Organization, 2020a). ...
... As of June 2020, the Faculty of Dentistry of Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) developed a set of guidelines related to COVID-19 prevention as part of the academic institution's protective measures (Faculty of Dentistry USIM, 2020). This step was in line with other institutions that were developing current specific protocols and guidelines for clinical and teaching practices during the pandemic (Al Kawas et al., 2020;Aldahlawi & Afifi, 2020;Anu Sushanth et al., 2020;Ghani, 2020). After the COVID-19 lockdown in Malaysia, clinical and academic practices in the Faculty of Dentistry of USIM were conducted in accordance with the clinical guidelines. ...
COVID-19 can be transferred via aerosols. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, dental practitioners, supporting clinical staff and clinical-year dental students are directly exposed to aerosols produced during dental treatment. Thus, the Faculty of Dentistry of Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) developed dental guidelines that included a standard operating procedure for clinical settings. This study aimed to assess the adherence of clinical staff and students to dental guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate the nature and extent of difficulties encountered by the faculty members in complying with the guidelines. The dental guidelines were explained to all faculty members, and then an audit form was developed on the basis of the guidelines. A series of clinical audits was conducted on a weekly basis. Afterwards, a survey was conducted to investigate any problems faced by dental clinical staff and students in terms of complying with the guidelines. The percentage of noncompliance to wearing goggles and face shields during dental procedures was 7.1% and 2.1%, respectively. Amongst 128 respondents, 84.1% reported unclear vision due to the fogging of the goggles, whereas 45.2% reported blurred vision when goggles and face shields were worn together. Moreover, approximately 30.2% of the respondents claimed that KN95 masks contribute to difficulty in breathing. Nevertheless, most of the dental clinical staff and students were compliant to the dental guidelines. Noncompliance was mainly caused by the fogging issue when wearing goggles. Thus, this issue should be tackled to prevent the impairment of treatment quality.
... The manuscript entitled "Water Contamination Risk on Dental Office" by M. Cicciù, published in 2020, is highly interesting and in this regard [26]; it concerns all the risks of contamination and infection related to the delivery and discharge pipes of the dental unit and regarding the risk to premises and apartments close to a dental office. The possibility of the latter spreading through could also be considered [33][34][35][36]. Therefore, dental units that are connected to the municipal water supply should be imme diately converted into reservoir into which water disinfectants can be added. ...
... The manuscript entitled "Wate Contamination Risk on Dental Office" by M. Cicciù, published in 2020, is highly interes ing and in this regard [26]; it concerns all the risks of contamination and infection relate to the delivery and discharge pipes of the dental unit and regarding the risk to premise and apartments close to a dental office. The possibility of the latter spreading throug could also be considered [33][34][35][36]. Dental units are often equipped with an internal water bowl, to avoid using wate from the main water supply. ...
The current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the entire world population, and in particular the medical-health field, especially dentistry [...]
... As per recent recommendations, 5 a screening triage should be established to obtain information related to symptoms, medical history, travel history and close contact with suspected cases of COVID-19. 42 Despite a screening protocol, a recent travel history may place a patient in the high-risk category. Kamate et al. 16 found that 92.6% of DHCPs record travel history as a screening protocol to aid in the diagnosis and prevention of disease transmission. ...
... Telephone triage has also been recommended to avoid unnecessary travelling and to prioritize cases. 42 Our respondents scored well on questions related to the referral protocol, identification of risk factors and screening protocol, indicating that they practiced the above-mentioned guidelines. ...
... Thus, wearing goggles and shields can prevent the virus from coming into contact with the conjunctiva epithelium. 42,44 Therefore, DHCPs should focus on procedures that produce fewer aerosols, 5,10,45 which could help to reduce disease transmission. This is in consensus with the guidelines of the CDC, the WHO and various dental societies. ...
Objectives
With the increasing severity of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, it is essential that dental health care professionals (DHCPs) are prepared. The study aim was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding COVID-19 among DHCPs in Saudi Arabia.
Methods
A cross-sectional study using a web-based survey was conducted. A validated and reliable questionnaire was developed that comprised 44 questions. Using Qualtrics survey software, DHCPs working in different settings were approached across five geographical regions of Saudi Arabia.
Results
A total of 318 respondents voluntarily participated in the survey. Most DHCPs showed a moderate level of knowledge (51.6%), a positive attitude (92.1%) and adequate practice standards (86.5%). We found that 94.7% of DHCPs had an adequate overall level of KAP. DHCPs with a doctorate significantly outscored DHCPs with other educational levels with respect to knowledge and practice. Older (51–60 years) DHCPs reported significantly more knowledge than younger DHCPs.
Conclusion
DHCPs displayed an average level of knowledge that needs to be enhanced through continuing education programmes. However, they showed a positive attitude and an acceptable level of practice, as they were abiding by guidelines issued from various international and national health agencies.
