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... assumption that accompanies the model specification for a block design concerns the additivity (no interaction) effects of blocks and treatments. Figure 1. The data is in the Block file. ...
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... results of this test are presented in the following table. In Figure 15, shows that the points for higher pH values have less scatter than the rest, which is why a formal test of homogeneity of variances would be advisable. In the selector variables, Dependent variable was identified as the "biomass" and as Regressors to "pH", "Salinity", "Zinc" and "Potassium". ...
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... field should be activated in a first step in a multiple linear regression analysis since it allows for a preliminary idea of the adequacy of the model. Figure 16 presents these graphics, in which we can see that: 1) There is a positive linear relationship between biomass and soil pH, 2) There is a negative relationship between biomass and soil salt content, but the chart also suggests the presence of a quadratic component in this relationship, 3) There is a negative relationship between biomass and soil zinc content, 4) Apparently there is no linear relationship between biomass and soil potassium. ...
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... with the addition of the quadratic term for salinity, the Cp of Mallows for Potassium increased 5.95 (Table 40) to 13.94 (Table 41), suggesting that this regressor has important predictive model incorporating the quadratic term for salinity. To verify the adequacy of the final model were made studentized residual plots (SR) versus each of the regressor ( Figure 17) and they can be seen that there are trends that suggest lack of fit. ...
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... coefficient also measures the association, is based on the Chi square statistic and it is calculated only for 2×2 tables (Conover, 1999). The Cramer's contingency coefficient in 2×2 tables corresponds to the measure of association known as Phi squared and it is also equivalent to Goodman and Kruskal tau (Agresti, 1990 1,1) respectively. This statistic does not depend on a and d since they represent the number of cases where both variables assume the same value and are discarded from the analysis because it aims to study changes in the modalities of the variables. ...
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... are two examples of graphs of the empirical distribution. Figure 61 shows the graph of the empirical distribution of petal length in the pooled sample that includes three species of Iris (setosa, versicolor and virginica, Iris file). The graph has grid-enabled modeling. ...
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... the Output window will list the mean and range for each sample and values of the center line and control limits of the diagrams for the mean and range. Figure 81: Average control diagram. File Diagram_MR. ...
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... assumption that accompanies the model specification for a block design concerns the additivity (no interaction) effects of blocks and treatments. Figure 1. The data is in the Block file. ...
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... results of this test are presented in the following table. In Figure 15, shows that the points for higher pH values have less scatter than the rest, which is why a formal test of homogeneity of variances would be advisable. In the selector variables, Dependent variable was identified as the "biomass" and as Regressors to "pH", "Salinity", "Zinc" and "Potassium". ...
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... field should be activated in a first step in a multiple linear regression analysis since it allows for a preliminary idea of the adequacy of the model. Figure 16 presents these graphics, in which we can see that: 1) There is a positive linear relationship between biomass and soil pH, 2) There is a negative relationship between biomass and soil salt content, but the chart also suggests the presence of a quadratic component in this relationship, 3) There is a negative relationship between biomass and soil zinc content, 4) Apparently there is no linear relationship between biomass and soil potassium. ...
Context 11
... with the addition of the quadratic term for salinity, the Cp of Mallows for Potassium increased 5.95 (Table 40) to 13.94 (Table 41), suggesting that this regressor has important predictive model incorporating the quadratic term for salinity. To verify the adequacy of the final model were made studentized residual plots (SR) versus each of the regressor ( Figure 17) and they can be seen that there are trends that suggest lack of fit. ...
Context 12
... coefficient also measures the association, is based on the Chi square statistic and it is calculated only for 2×2 tables (Conover, 1999). The Cramer's contingency coefficient in 2×2 tables corresponds to the measure of association known as Phi squared and it is also equivalent to Goodman and Kruskal tau (Agresti, 1990 1,1) respectively. This statistic does not depend on a and d since they represent the number of cases where both variables assume the same value and are discarded from the analysis because it aims to study changes in the modalities of the variables. ...
Context 13
... are two examples of graphs of the empirical distribution. Figure 61 shows the graph of the empirical distribution of petal length in the pooled sample that includes three species of Iris (setosa, versicolor and virginica, Iris file). The graph has grid-enabled modeling. ...
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... Three samplings coincided with periods of normal rains with respect to those expected for the season, while the remaining period was below the average rainfall (Appendix A). The data was analysed using generalized and mixed linear models of the Infostat statistical package [30]. The statistical models included "treatment", "patch height", "sampling period" and their interactions as fixed factors, and "block" as a random factor. ...
... If the 95% confidence interval of the slopes of the regressions overlapped between fertilisation treatments, they were grouped in the analysis. These regression analyses were performed using InfoStat software [30]. In addition, we used a partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to estimate how fertilisation, forage patch height and SWA affected FCPC, either directly or indirectly through intermediate variables. ...
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... were subjected to two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine main genotype (WT, P106S-rr, TIPS-RR, TIPS-Rr) and glyphosate (control, 1080 g/ha) effects on traits, using InfoStat statistical software (Di Rienzo et al., 2020). Means were separated using Tukey's HSD (honestly significant difference) test (α = .05). ...
Introduction
Concurrent natural evolution of glyphosate resistance single and double point EPSPS mutations in weed species provides an opportunity for the estimation of resistance fitness benefits and prediction of equilibrium resistance frequencies in environments under glyphosate selection.
Methods and Results
Assessment of glyphosate resistance benefit was conducted for the most commonly identified single Pro‐106‐Ser and less frequent double TIPS mutations in the EPSPS gene evolved in the global damaging weed Eleusine indica. Under glyphosate selection at the field dose, plants with the single Pro‐106‐Ser mutation at homozygous state (P106S‐rr) showed reduced survival and compromised vegetative growth and fecundity compared to TIPS plants. Whereas both homozygous (TIPS‐RR) and compound heterozygous (TIPS‐Rr) plants with the double TIPS resistance mutation displayed similar survival rates when exposed to glyphosate, a significantly higher fecundity in the currency of seed number was observed in TIPS‐Rr than TIPS‐RR plants. The highest plant fitness benefit was associated with the heterozygous TIPS‐Rr mutation, whereas plants with the homozygous Pro‐106‐Ser and TIPS mutations exhibited, respectively, 31% and 39% of the fitness benefit revealed by the TIPS‐Rr plants. Populations are predicted to reach stable allelic and genotypic frequencies after 20 years of glyphosate selection at which the WT allele is lost and the stable genotypic polymorphism is comprised by 2% of heterozygous TIPS‐Rr, 52% of homozygous TIPS‐RR and 46% of homozygous P106S‐rr. The high inbreeding nature of E. indica is responsible for the expected frequency decrease of the fittest TIPS‐Rr in favour of the homozygous TIPS‐RR and P106S‐rr.
Discussion
Mutated alleles associated with the glyphosate resistance EPSPS single EPSPS Pro‐106‐Ser and double TIPS mutations confer contrasting fitness benefits to E. indica under glyphosate treatment and therefore are expected to exhibit contrasting evolution rates in cropping systems under recurrent glyphosate selection.
... A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using InfoStat software [33] to test the effects of treatments and locations using the following fixed effects model: yijkl = μ+ locationi + block (location)ij + treatmentk + treatment × locationik + eijkl where yijkl represented measured variable, μ is overall mean; locationi is the effect of ith location, block(location)ij represented the effect of jth block on the ith location, treatmentk represented the effect of the kth treatment, treatment × locationik is the interaction effect of kth treatment and ith location, and eijkl is the residual. Mean separations were performed using Fisher's least significant difference procedure. ...
Kernza intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) is the first commercially developed perennial grain crop in North America, with multiple environmental and economic benefits. One of the major challenges for adoption of this dual-use forage and grain crop is the decline in grain yield in subsequent harvest years. Post-harvest management practices (e.g., chopping, burning , chemical, and mechanical thinning) could reduce the intraspecific competition for light and maintain Kernza grain yields over time. We aimed to identify management practices that improve light penetration and propose a conceptual model to explain the mechanisms contributing to Kernza grain yield. We applied 10 management practices after the first Kernza grain harvest in a randomized complete block design experiment with three replications, at two different locations in Wiscon-sin, USA. Light penetration increased when post-harvest management practices were applied. Mechanical or chemical thinning had relatively lower lodging and increased yield components per row, but not per area due to a reduction in the number of productive rows. Threshed grain yield per area in the second year of Kernza was similar among the treatments despite the differences in vegetative biomass generated. Further research is needed to optimize management practices to maintain Kernza grain yield over time.
... Statistical analyses were done using Mplus software version 7.31 (Muthén & Muthén, 2007) and IBM SPSS statistics version 23 (George & Mallery, 2016). The first goal of our study was to examine the psychometric properties of the short UPPS-P-C. ...
Objective: Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct known to play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of a wide range of problematic behaviors and psychological disorders in children.
Method: In this study, we adapted the short French adult version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale for use with children (short UPPS-P-C) and tested its psychometric properties.
Results: Confirmatory factor analyses conducted on a sample of 425 children (aged from 8 to 14 years) supported the five-factor structure of the scale. Additional analyses emphasized the good internal and test-retest reliability of the short UPPS-P-C. Furthermore, our results also revealed that lack of premeditation and urgency subscales were able to discriminate between children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their matched controls.
Conclusion: These results suggest that the short UPPS-P-C may be considered as a promising time-saving tool to assess impulsivity traits in healthy children and in children with psychiatric disorders.
... The statistical analysis of comparison between the methods was performed by calculating the confidence interval with 95% reliability, using the InfoStat software version 2008 (Di Rienzo et al., 2008). ...
A total of 480 milk samples were analyzed in four repetitions with four preservative treatments (no preservative, Bronopol, Bronolat and Brononata), three storage times at temperatures up to 4 °C (24, 48 and 72hours after reception), five different water additions (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0%) and two analytical instruments (electronic cryoscope and FTIR). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of these parameters in the determination of the freezing point by the reference method and by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thus determining the best analytical conditions and establishing a mathematical equation for electronic determination by FTIR spectroscopy. Bronolat was the best preservative and Brononata was the worst and is not recommended to analyze freezing point by FTIR. The storage time of the samples did not interfere in the analytical determinations by the precision method and by FTIR.
