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Challenges in the ubiquitous networks deployment are to guarantee the information transparency in the distributed systems. In particular in online market, studies warned that information deception by online sellers and by price comparison site could be fatal in the success of e-marketplace. However, handful of studies had conducted this issue and t...
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Context 1
... CR values should exceed 0.70 cut-off level, which indicates that the indicators are internally consistent [43]. I could have confirmed that the convergent validity and reliability could be acquired, because all values of AVE and CR exceeded the recommended cut-off level in Table 4. Discriminant validity refers to the extent to which a construct is independent with the other constructs, and it could be accessed by the comparison between the square root of AVE and correlation to the other constructs [41]. ...
Context 2
... a construct share more variance with its indicators than with the indicators of the other constructs, I could confirm the discriminant validity to be acquired [44]. All squares of AVE (diagonal values in right part of Table 4) in this study are greater than the correlations among the other latent variables (off-diagonal values in right part of Table 4). Another way to demonstrate the convergent and the discriminant validity is to access the factor loadings of each indicator. ...
Context 3
... a construct share more variance with its indicators than with the indicators of the other constructs, I could confirm the discriminant validity to be acquired [44]. All squares of AVE (diagonal values in right part of Table 4) in this study are greater than the correlations among the other latent variables (off-diagonal values in right part of Table 4). Another way to demonstrate the convergent and the discriminant validity is to access the factor loadings of each indicator. ...
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Citations
... We posit that this principle augments the interactive behavior among agents by modulating specific factors. Prior studies have corroborated the efficacy of augmented information transparency in bolstering trust within constituent systems [71][72][73], especially in analogous distributed SoSs [74]. Additionally, increased transparency has been shown to bolster the efficiency of knowledge support, subsequently amplifying the innovative capacity of organizational members [75]. ...
System-of-systems (SoS) evolution is a complex and unpredictable process. Although various principles to facilitate collaborative SoS evolution have been proposed, there is a lack of experimental data validating their effectiveness. To address these issues, we present an Agent-Based Model (ABM) for SoS evolution in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), serving as a quantitative analysis tool for SoS research. By integrating multiple complex and rational behaviors of individuals, we aim to simulate real-world scenarios as accurately as possible. To simulate the SoS evolution process, our model employs multiple agents with autonomous interactions and incorporates external environmental variables. Furthermore, we propose three evaluation metrics: evolutionary time, degree of variation, and evolutionary cost, to assess the performance of SoS evolution. Our study demonstrates that enhanced information transparency significantly improves the evolutionary performance of distributed SoS. Conversely, the adoption of uniform standards only brings limited performance enhancement to distributed SoSs. Although our proposed model has limitations, it stands out from other approaches that utilize Agent-Based Modeling to analyze SoS theories. Our model focuses on realistic problem contexts and simulates realistic interaction behaviors. This study enhances the comprehension of SoS evolution processes and provides valuable insights for the formulation of effective evolutionary strategies.
... We posit that this principle augments the interactive behavior among agents by modulating specific factors. Prior studies have corroborated the efficacy of augmented information transparency in bolstering trust within constituent systems [86][87][88] , especially in analogous distributed SoSs [89]. Additionally, increased transparency has been shown to bolster the efficiency of knowledge support, subsequently amplifying the innovative capacity of organizational members [90]. ...
System-of-systems (SoS) evolution is a complex and unpredictable process. Although various principles to facilitate collaborative SoS evolution have been proposed, there is a lack of experimental data validating their effectiveness. To address these issues, we present an Agent-Based Model (ABM) for SoS evolution in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) , serving as a quantitative analysis tool for SoS research. By integrating multiple complex and rational behaviors of individuals, we aim to simulate real-world scenarios as accurately as possible. To simulate the SoS evolution process, our model employs multiple agents with autonomous interactions and incorporates external environmental variables. Furthermore, we propose three evaluation metrics: evolutionary time, degree of variation, and evolutionary cost, to assess the performance of SoS evolution. Our study demonstrates that enhanced information transparency significantly improves the evolutionary performance of distributed SoS. Conversely, the adoption of uniform standards only brings limited performance enhancement to distributed SoSs. Although our proposed model has limitations, it stands out from other approaches that utilize Agent-Based Modeling to analyze SoS theories. Our model focuses on realistic problem contexts and simulates realistic interaction behaviors. This study enhances the comprehension of SoS evolution processes and provides valuable insights for the formulation of effective evolutionary strategies.
... It's evident that the deceptive condition was more negatively evaluated. Therefore, we infer that price deception triggers unfavourable attitudinal and behavioural changes in consumers, which is consistent with prior studies on information deception [15,29]. ...
As a kind of information deception, price deception is adopted by some online sellers as an approach to mislead the consumers into buying their products. However, when consumers have sufficient knowledge about the price information, the effect of price deception on their purchase decision making remains elusive. Therefore, behavioural and event-related potentials measures were combined to investigate this issue. Behaviourally, a higher purchase rate and reduced reaction time were observed in the truthful condition relative to the deceptive condition, suggesting that the truthful condition was more favourable to the participants. At the neural level, the truthful condition triggered an attenuated N2 and an increased LPP compared with the deceptive condition, indicating less cognitive and decisional conflict and more positive evaluation of the truthful condition. Taken together, these results revealed the negative impact of price deception on purchase decision making and its potential neural substrates.
This study aimed to address the concept of deceptive marketing in the most important activity of companies, i.e., marketing, which is the lifeline on which companies depend on the process of financing and product selling. Additionally, through marketing, companies can communicate directly with customers, and this activity includes marketing practices that are deceptive or misleading. The study dealt with the presentation of the components of the marketing mix, and how each component can include deceptive or misleading practices. Marketers practice customer manipulation with the intention of changing customers' behavior and attitudes towards achieving the greatest possible profit in lesser time. With the spread of marketing deception and marketing fraud in various areas, the phenomenon is growing not only in product marketing but also in service marketing, especially insurance services, as many marketers and sales representatives believe that success and profit-making are associated with those practices. The study addressed many factors facilitating these practices, as well as the ways in which marketing deception is practiced and the impact of such practice on the perceptions that form in the minds of customers about companies. One of the most important objectives of the study was to substantiate the relationship between the dimensions of marketing deception and the dimensions of the mental image of the organization by relying on the statistical analysis of the initial data of the study, which was collected through questionnaire that was prepared for this purpose and distributed to a random sample of 225 customers of insurance companies operating in the insurance market in Iraq. The most important findings of the study show that deceptive marketing practiced through the service marketing mix, among other dimensions, affects the mental image that the customers hold towards the organization in negative and varying ways. This study presents a number of recommendations, the foremost of which is the necessity of educating marketers and companies about the negativity of deceptive practices on the company in the long term, as well as paying attention to the mental image held by customers towards the insurance companies because of its impact on the formation of positive impressions towards the company, and thus increasing market share of the company through its reputation in the insurance market .
