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Lasiodiplodia thailandica (CBS 138653). a, b. Colony sporulating on PNA; b. fluffy aerial mycelium on PDA; d – f. conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia; g. brown, 1-septate conidia; h. young, hyaline conidia. — Scale bars: a, b = 300 μm, all others = 10 μm.
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Members of Botryosphaeriales are commonly encountered as endophytes or pathogens of various plant
hosts. The Botryosphaeriaceae represents the predominant family within this order, containing numerous species associated with canker and dieback disease on a wide range of woody hosts. During the course of routine surveys from various plant hosts in T...
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... Based on other studies, D. seriata is a main pathogen in grapevines in Australia, South Africa, Chile, and France that manifests vascular signs such dark streaking in the wood and cankers (Amponsah et al. 2011;Bruez et al. 2013 (Martin and Cobos 2007;Ramírez et al. 2018;Dissanayake et al. 2021). In terms of D. neojuniperi, it was previously mentioned as being connected to saprobic woody hosts in China in 2017 (Dissanayake et al. 2021) and with leaf blight symptoms on Juniperus chinensis in Thailand (Trakunyingcharoen et al. 2015). To our knowledge, this is the first record of D. neojuniperi associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Morocco and worldwide. ...
For decades, the grapevine has been produced as a commercial fruit crop in Morocco. From 2004 to 2022, the area dedicated to cultivating and producing grapes has increased across the country. Despite the implementation of adequate agricultural practices, grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) lead to significant yield losses and a remarkable reduction in viticultural quality. Many grape growers encounter this issue in their vines each year and seek strategies to cope with it. In the most significant grapegrowing regions globally, including Morocco, grapevine decline is a common and significant disease that is brought on by a multitude of latent fungal plant diseases. Due to the use of poorly informative markers in phylogenetic analyses and the lack of relevant morphological characteristics, the classification of these pathogens has proven to be challenging. Numerous genera and families have not yet been extensively studied, especially in Morocco. To identify the dieback-causing agents, surveys were carried out in 152 Moroccan vineyards in Marrakech-Safi, Casablanca-Settat, RabatSale-Kenitra, and Fez- Meknes regions between 2019-2021. Samples of symptomatic trunks were collected and processed for mycological analysis. Afterward, fungal identification of representative isolates was performed combining morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA and protein-coding gene (β-TUB). Pathogenicity tests were fulfilled under greenhouse conditions for 15 days. Among the fungi collected in the current study, 54 fungal isolates were obtained belonging to different genera and families namely: Botryosphaeria (11 species), Fusarium (10 species), Pestialiotiopsis (4 species), Clonostachys (3 species), Entoleuca mammata, Phaeoacremonium hungaricum, Trichothecium roseum, Diaporthe ampelina, Epicoccum nigrum, Alternaria alternata, and Rosellinia convexa. Pathogenicity test revealed that Diplodia mutila, Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae, Neopestalotiopsis vitis, and Trichothecium roseum isolates are the most pathogenic. This is the first detailed report of species associated with GTDs in Morocco where new records of species worldwide are highlighted.
... The Botryosphaeriaceae family are worldwide pathogens that cause a range of disease symptoms, including leaf spots, fruit and root rots, dieback, and cankers, in multiple woody hosts [1][2][3]. They have diverse ecological roles as endophytic, saprobic, and plant pathogenic species [4]. ...
Trunk canker poses a major threat to the production of Chinese hickory tree (Carya cathayen-sis Sarg.), which is primarily determined by Botryosphaeriaceae. In our previous work, we identified Botryosphaeria dothidea as the predominant pathogen of this disease. However, it is still unclear about corresponding gene families and mechanisms associated with B. dothidea's pathogenicity on Chinese hickory tree. Here, we present a comparative analysis of high-quality genome assemblies of Botryosphaeria dothidea and other isolated pathogens, showing highly syntenic relationships between B. dothidea and its closely related species and the conservative evolution of the Botryosphaeriaceae family. Higher GC contents were found in the genomes of B. dothidea and three other isolated pathogens (Botryshaeria cortices, Botryshaeria fabicerciana, and Botryshaeria qingyuanensis) compared to Macrophom-ina phaseolina, Neofusicoccum parvum, Diplodia corticola, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. An investigation of genes specific to or expanded in B. dothidea revealed that one secreted glucanase, one orsellinic acid biosynthesis enzyme, and two MFS transporters positively regulated B. dothidea's pathogenicity. We also observed an overrepresentation of viral integrase like gene and heterokaryon incompatibility proteins in the B. dothidea's genome. In addition, we observed one LRR-domain-containing protein and two Sec-domain-containing proteins (Sec_1 and Sec_7) that underwent positive selection. This study will help to understand B. dothidea's pathogenicity and potential influence on the infection of Chinese hickory, which will help in the development of disease control and ensure the security of Chinese hickory production.
... So far, 37 ex-type/isotype/neotype species entries have been accepted and uploaded to the Botryosphaeriales website [16,65,66]. It is worth noting that most of the species were introduced as asexual morphs of Lasiodiplodia, and only a few species of sexual morph have been found in nature, such as L. gonubiensis, L. lignicola and L. theobromae [44,67,68]. The three Lasiodiplodia species collected in this study were all asexual morphs and collected from woody plants. ...
Species in the Botryosphaeriaceae are common plant pathogens, endophytes, and saprobes found on a variety of mainly woody hosts. Botryosphaeriaceae is a high-profile fungal family whose genera have been subjected to continuous revisions in recent years. Surveys conducted during 2019 and 2020 on several decaying woody hosts (from dead arial twigs, branches, stems, bark, and seed pods) in China and Thailand revealed a high diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae fungi. Identification of 16 Botryosphaeriaceae isolates was carried out based on both morphological characteristics and phylo-genetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, tef1-α, and tub2 sequence data. Four novel species (Dothiorella ovata, Do. rosacearum, Do. septata, and Lasiodiplodia delonicis) and seven previously known species (Botryosphaeria fujianensis, Diplodia mutila, Di. seriata, L. crassispora, L. mahajangana, Macrophomina euphorbiicola and Sphaeropsis eucalypticola) were identified while new hosts and geographical records were reported. This study indicates that the fungal family Botryosphaeriaceae seems to be common and widespread on a broad range of hosts in China and Thailand.
... The sexual structure of Lasiodiplodia species has rarely been observed in nature, and only a few species have had their sexual stages described [8,[10][11][12][13]. These species are generally considered to reproduce primarily through asexual reproduction mainly. ...
The genus Lasiodiplodia, a member of the family Botryosphaeriaceae, is an important fungal disease genus in agriculture. However, the Lasiodiplodia species survey and genetic diversity in Taiwan remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the Lasiodiplodia species associated with various fruit species to explore the cryptic Lasiodiplodia species diversity, validate species delimitation, and unveil cryptic genetic diversity. Overall, six Lasiodiplodia species were identified, with several new records of infection identified. Additionally, phylogenetic analyses indicated that the relations of all isolates of L. theobromae might be paraphyletic. They were grouped with L. brasiliense based on Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), Automatic Partitioning (ASAP) and structure-based clustering analyses. These analyses did not provide conclusive evidence for L. brasiliensis as a stable species. It may be necessary to gather more information to clarify the species delineation. The multiple new records of Lasiodiplodia species with high genetic diversity and differentiation revealed that the diversity of Lasiodiplodia in Taiwan was underestimated in the past. We found that L. theobromae has the highest number of haplotypes but the lowest number of haplotype and nucleotide diversities, indicating a recent population expansion. This was supported by the significant negative Tajima’s D and Fu and Li’s D* tests. The high genetic diversity, low gene flow, and host-associated differentiation of Lasiodiplodia species indicate that they might harbour powerful evolutionary potential in Taiwan. This study provided critical insights into genetic variation, host-associated differentiation, and demography of Lasiodiplodia species, which would be helpful for disease management of related pathogens.
... Diplodia neojuniperi was detected on diseased samples of Juniperus chinensis and Microbiota decussata submitted to the UMass Plant Diagnostic Laboratory. This species was only recently described from Thailand (Trakunyingcharoen et al., 2015) and has not been reported previously in North America. The other fungi detected here from Q. rubra (Coryneum, Dendrostoma, Gnomoniopsis, Pestalotiopsis and Tubakia) illustrate the diversity of fungal pathogens that may attack and further weaken stressed oaks in the region. ...
The 2015–2018 outbreak of spongy moth ( Lymantria dispar ) in southern New England initiated a severe oak decline and mortality event. While defoliation was a primary driver, increased secondary pest and pathogen activity contributed to decline and death. Following this large defoliation event, Diplodia was frequently recovered from northern red oaks ( Quercus rubra ) with serious outbreaks of twig cankering. Given the many recent reports of Diplodia corticola on oak in eastern North America, it was presumed to be the causal agent. To confirm, a limited survey was conducted from five states in the region (Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont). Based on ITS, tef1 and tub2 sequences generated from 28 isolates collected primarily from northern red oak, Diplodia gallae , two potentially novel Diplodia species and Diplodia sapinea were identified. Surprisingly, D. corticola was not found in this study. ITS sequences alone failed to discriminate among isolates of D. gallae and D. corticola , creating uncertainty over previous reports of D. corticola in eastern North America. Only a combined ITS + tef1 dataset successfully distinguished D. gallae and D. corticola along with two other closely related species that also occur on oak ( Diplodia quercicola and Diplodia quercivora ). Additional cankering and endophytic fungi ( Coryneum , Dendrostoma , Gnomoniopsis , Pestalotiopsis and Tubakia ) were also found on symptomatic oaks in the region. Identification of Diplodia isolates from non‐ Quercus hosts also detected Diplodia neojuniperi on Juniperus chinensis and Microbiota decussata , which has not been reported previously in North America.
... Morphologically, the size of matured conidia of MUCC 2738 was within the range of that of L. thailandica. This species has been reported from woody plants only, including M. indica and Phyllanthus acidus in Thailand and Podocarpus macrophyllus and Albizia chinensis in China (Trakunyingcharoen et al., 2015;Dou, He, & Zhang, 2017;de Silva et al., 2019). This study is the first record of the herbaceous host plant for L. thailandica, and the species has been newly added to the Japanese mycoflora. ...
Lasiodiplodia species cause dieback, shoot blight, fruit rot, and stem-end rot of woody plants. Recently, studies on taxonomic revision of Lasiodiplodia species have been conducted globally and have led to more clarification of the species diversity of this genus. However, only three species of the genus have been reported in Japan. To evaluate the species diversity of Lasiodiplodia in Japan, we re-examined the taxonomical positions of 30 isolates based on their morphological and cultural characteristics and phylogenetic relationships. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using a matrix comprising ITS, tef1, tub2, and rpb2 sequences, and the results indicate that the examined Japanese isolates belong to six species: Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis, L. hormozganensis, L. pseudotheobromae, L. thailandica, L. theobromae, and Lasiodiplodia sp. Moreover, three of these species were newly added to the Japanese mycoflora.
... This article reports L. thailandica from a leaf spot on A. nidus and a dead leaf of N. cordifolia (Figures 1 and 2). Lasiodiplodia thailandica was first reported from symptomless twigs of Mangifera indica [21]. It was also isolated from canker on branches of Podocar-pus macrophyllus and Albizia chinensis in China [67]. ...
Ferns are one of the most significant plant groupings that comprise a substantial proportion of the plant flora due to the fact of their great diversity, especially in tropical areas. The biodiversity of fungi associated with ferns and fern-like hosts has also received little attention in studies. Plant samples were collected from diseased and dead plants of ten fern or fern-like species from Chiang Rai in northern Thailand. Forty-one isolates were selected from the obtained isolates for molecular and morphological analysis, with a focus on pathogenic fungal genera and consideration of the diversity in host and geographical location. Twenty-six species belonging to seven genera (Colletotrichum, Curvularia, Diaporthe, Fusarium, Lasiodiplodia, Neopestalotiopsis, and Pestalotiopsis) in six families were identified. Thirty new hosts, eight new geographical hosts, and one new species, Colletotrichum polypodialium, are described. Nepestalotiopsis phangngaensis, N. pandancola, Diaporthe tectonendophytica, D. chiangraiensis, and D. delonicis were isolated for the first time from leaf spots. Additionally, new reservoirs and geographical locations for species previously isolated from leaf spots or whose pathogenicity was established were found. However, more studies are necessary to prove the pathogenicity of the fungi isolated from the leaf spots and to identify the fungi associated with other species of ferns.
... (Valle-De la Paz et al., 2019;Ahmed et al., 2020;Chen et al., 2021), Diospyros kaki (Nogueira J unior et al., 2017), Eucalyptus spp. (Pillay et al., 2013), Gossypium hirsutum (Naz et al., 2021), Juglans regia , Juniperus chinensis (Trakunyingcharoen et al., 2015), (Endes et al., 2016), P. salicina (Endes and Kayim, 2022), Rosa spp. (Wee et al., 2017), Sansevieria trifasciata (Kee et al., 2019), Vaccinium spp. ...
... The pathogen has also been reported to cause post-harvest stem-end rot on citrus fruit in Bangladesh (Sultana et al., 2018) and China (Xiao et al., 2021) as well as post-harvest rot of lemon in Cukurova Region of southern T € urkiye, the main lemon-producing area which contributes almost to 70% of the total production in T € urkiye (Awan et al., 2016). Among the Lasiodiplodia species associated with mango (Mangifera indica) diseases worldwide, L. theobromae, L. pseudotheobromae, L. crassispora, L. egyptiacae, L. hormozganensis, L. mahajangana and L. iranensis have been reported as causing cankers, dieback and stem-end rot on mango in Australia (Sakalidis et al., 2011b), Brazil (Marques et al., 2013), Egypt (Ismail et al., 2012), Iran (Abdollahzadeh et al., 2010), Malaysia and Thailand (Trakunyingcharoen et al., 2015). ...
Abstract The EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, a clearly defined fungus of the family Botryosphaeriaceae, which was first described in 2008 as a cryptic species within the L. theobromae complex. The pathogen affects a wide range of woody perennial crops and ornamental plants causing root rot, damping‐off, leaf spots, twig blight, cankers, stem‐end rot, gummosis, branch dieback and pre‐ and post‐harvest fruit rots. Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae is present in Africa, Asia, North and South America and Oceania and has also been reported from Spain with a restricted distribution. However, there is uncertainty on the status of the pathogen worldwide and in the EU because in the past, when molecular tools (particularly multigene phylogenetic analysis) were not available, the pathogen might have been misidentified as L. theobromae. Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae is not included in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072 and there are no interceptions in the EU. Because of the very wide host range of the pathogen, this pest categorisation focused on those hosts for which there is robust evidence that the pathogen was formally identified by a combination of morphology, pathogenicity and multilocus sequence analysis. Plants for planting, including seeds, fresh fruits and bark and wood of host plants as well as soil and other plant‐growing media are the main pathways for the further entry of the pathogen into the EU. Host availability and climate suitability factors occurring in parts of the EU are favourable for the further establishment of the pathogen. In the area of its present distribution, including Spain, the pathogen has a direct impact on cultivated hosts. multilocus measures are available to prevent the further introduction and spread of the pathogen into the EU. Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae satisfies the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as potential Union quarantine pest.
... In Thailand, studies on palm fungi have been carried out by outside researchers, e.g., Spaulding (1961), followed by Watson (1971), Giatgong (1980), and Hyde (1988b). Studies of microfungi associated with palms by Thai together with international mycologists have revealed quite a few novel and interesting taxa (Pinnoi et al. 2006, 2009, Pinruan et al. 2007, 2010a, Hidayat et al. 2006, To-anun et al. 2009, 2011, Liu et al. 2010, 2012, Phengsintham et al. 2013, Trakunyingcharoen et al. 2015, Konta et al. 2016b, 2017, 2020b, c 2021b, Mapook et al. 2016, Tibpromma et al. 2018, Doilom et al. 2018, Wanasinghe et al. 2018, Phookamsak et al. 2019, Zhang et al. 2018. Pinruan et al. (2004a, b) used both morphology and DNA sequence data for the first time, to identify microfungi associated with palms in Thailand, whereas earlier studies used only morphological characteristics. ...
... The substrates of Arecaceae have been reported to harbor a high fungal diversity in Thailand, especially those belonging to the Ascomycota. The members of the Sordariomycetes are the dominant group with 232 taxa, followed by Dothideomycetes (162 taxa), Ascomycetes genera incertae sedis (15 taxa), Leotiomycetes (17 taxa), Eurotiomycetes (seven taxa), Orbiliomycetes (six taxa), Lecanoromycetes (two taxa), and only a few taxa in the Basidiomycota (two taxa from Agaricomycetes and one taxon from the Exobasidiomycetes) (Pinruan et al. 2002, 2004a, b, c, d, 2007, 2008, 2010a, b, Pinnoi et al. 2003a, b, 2004, 2006, 2009, Liu et al. 2010, 2012, Phookamsak et al. 2015, Trakunyingcharoen et al. 2015, Hyde et al. 2016, 2017, 2020a, b, Konta et al. 2016a, b, c, 2017, 2020a, b, c, 2021a, b, Kumla et al. 2016, Zhang et al. 2018, 2020, Jayasiri et al. 2019, Chen et al. 2020, Saengket et al. 2021, Tian et al. 2022). In addition, Pleosporales and Xylariales are the best-represented orders in Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes, respectively. ...
Arecaceae is one of the important plant families in Thailand, and several of its representative genera are used for food, cosmetics, and energy sources. During the past eight years (2014 to 2022), more than 50 new taxa associated with terrestrial palm substrates have been reported in Thailand. The present study continued the survey of fungi associated with terrestrial palms in Thailand and based on both morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of combined sequence data, fungal taxa belonging to the orders Amphisphaeriales, Diaporthales, Distoseptisporales, Glomerellales, Pleosporales, and Xylariales were identified. A new genus Triseptatospora and nine new species viz., Acremoniisimulans cocois, Acrocalymma arengae, Bartalinia adonidiae, Cytospora calamicola, Distoseptispora licualae, Neopestalotiopsis elaeidis, Pteridiospora arengae, Triseptatospora calami, and Xenoanthostomella calami are described and introduced here. Morphological illustrations, descriptions, and phylogenetic trees which indicate the placement of the new taxa are provided.
... Substrata: Mangifera sylvatica [80]; Syzygium sp. [81]; Acacia mangium [82]; Camellia sinensis [83]; Vaccinium sp. [84]; Eucalyptus sp. ...
... Substrata: on twigs of Artocarpus heterophyllus [81]; on a dead branch of Mangifera indica (this study). ...
... Distribution: Thailand [81]; China (this study). 14-19 × 7-10µm vs. 13-20 × 8-12 µm) [31,81]. ...
During investigations of saprobic fungi associated with mango (Mangifera indica) in Baoshan and Honghe of Yunnan Province (China), fungal taxa belonging to the orders Botryosphaeriales, Calosphaeriales, Chaetothyriales, Diaporthales, and Xylariales were recorded. Morphological examinations coupled with phylogenetic analyses of multigene sequences (ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1-α, rpb1, rpb2, β-tubulin and CAL) were used to identify the fungal taxa. A new genus viz. Mangifericola, four new species viz. Cyphellophora hongheensis, Diaporthe hongheensis, Hypoxylon hongheensis, and Mangifericola hongheensis, four new host and geographical records viz. Aplosporella artocarpi, Hypomontagnella monticulosa, Paraeutypella citricola and Pleurostoma ootheca, and two new collections of Lasiodiplodia are reported.
