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Lasiodiplodia indica ( Line drawings) A-Cross- section of conidiomata showing paraphyses, conidiogenous cells and conidia, B-Conidiogenous cells, paraphyses and hyaline conidia, C-Mature septate conidia with striations. Bars A= 20 ì m; B, C=10 ì m.
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Lasiodiplodia indica sp. nov. is described as a new species based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequence data of
ITS1 and ITS4. It differs from other species in the nature of the conidiomata, conidial septation, branching and septation of
paraphyses. Detailed description, taxonomical remarks, and illustrations are provided.
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... Lasiodiplodia is one of the largest genera in the family Botryosphaeriaceae. In recent years, many Lasiodiplodia species have been found globally confirming their cosmopolitan distribution, e.g., Algeria, Australia, Botswana, Brazil, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Egypt, Germany, India, Iran, Italy, Laos, Madagascar, Namibia, Netherlands, Papua New Guinea, Portugal, South Africa, Thailand, Tunisia, USA, Venezuela (Abdollahzadeh et al. 2010, Ismail et al. 2012, Marques et al. 2013, Machado et al. 2014, Netto et al. 2014, Prasher & Singh 2014, Linaldeddu et al. 2015, Trakunyingcharoen et al. 2015, Dou et al. 2017, rodríguez-Gálveza et al. 2017. Lasiodiplodia theobromae, the type species of the genus, is one of the most common pathogens that causes various diseases in woody plants (Punithalingam 1980, Burruano et al. 2008, Wright & Harmon 2009, Luo et al. 2011, Fan et al. 2013, Sinha et al. 2018. ...
Lasiodiplodia species are commonly as endophytes, saprobes and pathogens in tropics and subtropics. During an investigation of Botryosphaeriaceae in Thailand, two Lasiodiplodia taxa were isolated. Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses based on combined ITS, tef and tub2 sequence data support the establishment of a novel species, Lasiodiplodia chiangraiensis, isolated from woody hosts. Lasiodiplodia chiangraiensis is phylogenetically close to L. iraniensis and L. thailandica, but represents a distinct lineage. The new species could be distinguished from extant Lasiodiplodia species by its mature conidial dimensions. A detailed description and illustration are provided, as well as an updated phylogenetic tree (ITS, tef and tub2) including all species (with available molecular data) of Lasiodiplodia. In addition, the accepted genera in Botryosphaeriaceae based on recent studies are given.
... g on u bi e n s i s , L . i n d i c a, L. m a cro s p or a, and L. mediterranea, while the smaller-sized conidia of L. tropica are distinguishable from these four species (Pavlic et al. 2004;Prasher and Singh 2014;Machado et al. 2014;Linaldeddu et al. 2015). Thus, we treat it as a separate species of Lasiodiplodia. ...
Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae) is a genus of evergreen trees, which is well-known in producing resinous heartwood (known as agarwood). Infection by Lasiodiplodia spp. has been reported effectively inducing the agarwood formation in members of Aquilaria. In this study, 12 taxa of Lasiodiplodia were retrieved from trunks of healthy, brown, and ligaloes tissue of Aquilaria crassna in Laos, of which eight species are new to science. Fungal identification was conducted using a combination of morphology and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses based on combined translation elongation factor 1-a sequence (tef1-a), internal transcribed spacer (ITS), ß-tubulin (TUB), and RNA polymerase II beta subunit (RPB2) nuDNA sequences. Cashew nut-shaped conidia and the baculate ornamentation on the conidia of Lasiodiplodia spp. are first reported in this study. Aquilaria crassna proved a good host for Lasiodiplodia, and the function of Lasiodiplodia spp. in inducing agarwood formation needs further study.
... This was, however, before the advent of DNA sequence-based identification (Pavlic et al. 2004;Slippers et al. 2004;Alves et al. 2008;Pavlic et al. 2009;Phillips et al. 2013). For many years L. theobromae was the only species in Lasiodiplodia, but 28 additional species have been described since 2004, based on both DNA sequence data and morphological characteristics (Pavlic et al. 2004;Burgess et al. 2006;Damm et al. 2007;Alves et al. 2008;Pavlic et al. 2008;Abdollahzadeh et al. 2010;Begoude et al. 2010;Ismail et al. 2012;Liu et al. 2012;Urbez-Torres et al. 2012;Machado et al. 2014;Netto et al. 2014;Prasher and Singh 2014;Chen et al. 2015;Linaldeddu et al. 2015;Trakunyingcharoen et al. 2015). It has also become clear that some of the reports of L. theobromae prior to 2004 represent other species of Lasiodiplodia and a new list of host species for this fungus is required. ...
Lasiodiplodia species (Botryosphaeriaceae, Ascomycota) infect a wide range of typically woody plants on which they are associated with many different disease symptoms. In this study, we determined the identity of Lasiodiplodia isolates obtained from baobab (Adansonia species) trees in Africa and reviewed the molecular markers used to describe Lasiodiplodia species. Publicly available and newly produced sequence data for some of the type strains of Lasiodiplodia species showed incongruence amongst phylogenies of five nuclear loci. We conclude that several of the previously described Lasiodiplodia species are hybrids of other species. Isolates from baobab trees in Africa included nine species of Lasiodiplodia and two hybrid species. Inoculation trials with the most common Lasiodiplodia species collected from these trees produced significant lesions on young baobab trees. There was also variation in aggressiveness amongst isolates from the same species. The apparently widespread tendency of Lasiodiplodia species to hybridise demands that phylogenies from multiple loci (more than two and preferably four or more) are compared for congruence prior to new species being described. This will avoid hybrids being incorrectly described as new taxa, as has clearly occurred in the past.
... Using morphological and phylogenetic data, Alves et al. (2008) revealed the existence of cryptic species within what was formerly regarded as L. theobromae. Since then a large number of species have been described, and the genus currently comprises 30 species known from culture (Marques et al. 2013;Phillips et al. 2013;Netto et al. 2014;Prasher & Singh 2014;Slippers et al. 2014;Chen et al. 2015;Trakunyingcharoen et al. 2015). Of these 30 species, at least seven including Lasiodiplodia crassispora, Lasiodiplodia egyptiacae, Lasiodiplodia hormozganensis, Lasiodiplodia iraniensis, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Lasiodiplodia thailandica, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae have been reported from mango (Abdollahzadeh et al. 2010;Costa et al. 2010;Sakalidis et al. 2011;Ismail et al. 2012;Marques et al. 2013;Phillips et al. 2013;Trakunyingcharoen et al. 2015). ...
Mango, which is an important tropical fruit crop in the region of Piura (Peru), is known to be prone to a range of diseases caused by Lasiodiplodia spp. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and prevalence of mango dieback in the region of Piura, and to identify the species of Lasiodiplodia associated with the disease and evaluate their pathogenicity towards mango. Mango dieback was present in all orchards surveyed but incidence varied with location. Identification of fungal isolates was based on morphological and cultural characteristics as well as sequence data of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef1-α). The following Lasiodiplodia species were identified: L. brasiliense, L. egyptiacae (for which the new combination L. laeliocattleyae is introduced), L. iraniensis, L. pseudotheobromae, L. theobromae, and a Lasiodiplodia sp. Individual and combined gene genealogies suggest that this Lasiodiplodia sp. is possibly a hybrid of L. citricola and L. parva. Apart from L. theobromae, which was the most prevalent species, all other species are newly reported from Peru. Moreover, L. iraniensis is reported for the first time on mango. Inoculation trials of mango plants confirmed Koch’s postulates, and revealed differences in aggressiveness among species and isolates.
The Botryosphaeriaceae accommodates many important pathogens of woody plants, including Eucalyptus. Recently, Botryosphaeriaceae were isolated from diseased plant parts from surveys of Eucalyptus plantations in the YunNan Province, China. The aims of this study were to identify these Botryosphaeriaceae isolates and to evaluate their pathogenicity to Eucalyptus. A total of 166 isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae were obtained from six regions in the YunNan Province, of which 76 were from Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis hybrids, 49 from E. globulus trees, and 41 isolates were from other unknown Eucalyptus species or hybrids. Isolates were identified by comparing DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal RNA locus (ITS), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), β-tubulin 2 (tub2) and DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2) genes, and combined with their morphological characteristics. Eleven species were identified, including Botryosphaeria fusispora, B. wangensis, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Neofusicoccum kwambonambiense, N. parvum, and six novel species described as B. puerensis, N. dianense, N. magniconidium, N. ningerense, N. parviconidium and N. yunnanense. The dominant species across the regions were N. yunnanense, N. parvum and B. wangensis, representing 31.3, 25.3 and 19.9% of the total isolates, respectively. Species diversity and composition changed across the different climatic zones, despite their relatively close geographic proximity and the fact that some of the species have a global distribution. All the Botryosphaeriaceae species were pathogenic to one-year-old plants of an E. urophylla × E. grandis clone and E. globulus seed-derived plants, but showed significant inter- and intra-species variation in aggressiveness amongst isolates. The study provides a foundation for monitoring and management of Botryosphaeriaceae through selection and breeding of Eucalyptus in the YunNan Province of southwestern China.
The Botryosphaeriaceae is a species-rich family that includes pathogens of a wide variety of plants, including species of Eucalyptus. Recently, during disease surveys in China, diseased samples associated with species of Botryosphaeriaceae were collected from plantation Eucalyptus and other plants, including Cunninghamina lanceolata, Dimocarpus longan, Melastoma sanguineum and Phoenix hanceana, which were growing adjacent to Eucalyptus. In addition, few samples from Araucaria cunninghamii and Cedrus deodara in two gardens were also included in this study. Disease symptoms observed mainly included stem canker, shoot and twig blight. In this study, 105 isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae were collected from six provinces, of which 81 isolates were from Eucalyptus trees. These isolates were identified based on comparisons of the DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions and intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene (ITS), and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), β-tubulin (tub), DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2) and calmodulin (cmdA) genes, the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU) and the nuclear ribosomal small subunit (SSU), and combined with their morphological characteristics. Results showed that these isolates represent 12 species of Botryosphaeriaceae, including Botryosphaeria fusispora, Cophinforma atrovirens, Lasiodiplodia brasiliense, L. pseudotheobromae, L. theobromae and Neofusicoccum parvum, and six previously undescribed species of Botryosphaeria and Neofusicoccum, namely B. pseudoramosa sp. nov., B. qingyuanensis sp. nov., B. wangensis sp. nov., N. hongkongense sp. nov., N. microconidium sp. nov. and N. sinoeucalypti sp. nov. Aside from B. wangensis, C. atrovirens and N. hongkongense, the other nine Botryosphaeriaceae species were isolated from Eucalyptus trees in South China. Botryosphaeria fusispora (26 % of the isolates from Eucalyptus) is the dominant species, followed by L. pseudotheobromae (23 % of the isolates from Eucalyptus). In addition to species found on Eucalyptus trees, we also found B. pseudoramosa on M. sanguineum; B. wangensis on C. deodara; C. atrovirens on D. longan; L. theobromae on C. lanceolata, D. longan and P. hanceana; and N. hongkongense on A. cunninghamii. Pathogenicity tests showed that the 12 species of Botryosphaeriaceae are pathogenic to three Eucalyptus clones and that Lasiodiplodia species are the most aggressive. The results of our study suggest that many more species of the Botryosphaeriaceae remain to be discovered in China. This study also provides confirmation for the wide host range of Botryosphaeriaceae species on different plants.
A new species of Lasiodiplodia (L. hyalina) is described and illustrated from Acacia confusa and an unidentified woody plant collected in Southern China. Only asexual states of L. hyalina were observed, which is characterized by most conidia remaining hyaline with only about 10% conidia becoming pigmented after three months in culture. Phylogenetically, L. hyalina is closely related to L. thailandica. Morphologically, the larger conidiogenous cells and paraphyses of L. hyalina are distinct from those of L. thailandica, which leads to the conclusion that the collected taxon is new to science. Lasiodiplodia thailandica is reported as a new record in China with Podocarpus macrophyllus and Albizia chinensis as its new hosts.
