Figure 14 - uploaded by Ana Cristina Tavares
Content may be subject to copyright.
Laserpitium eliasii subsp. thalictrifolium (Samp.) P. Monts. Drybed of Homem river, Serra do Gerês (Mi). Umbel and leaves.
Similar publications
Apiaceae familyası kapalı tohumlu bitkiler arasındaki en geniş ve kozmopolit familyalardan biridir.
Familyanın en tipik özelliklerinden biri şizokarp tipte olan meyveleridir. Meyvenin morfolojik ve anatomik özellikleri oldukça önemli ayırt edici karakterlere sahiptir. Taksonomik açıdan en önemli meyve karakterlerinin başında ise “vitta” yani salgı...
Citations
... peixotoanum (Samp.) M. Lains has been studied as a biotechnological object (Tavares et al., 2010b). In Russia, the investigation S. lehmannii inflorescence in vitro introduction was started (Mitrofanova et al., 2019). ...
Seseli lehmannii Degen (genus Seseli L., family Apiaceae) is a rare endemic species of the Mountain Crimea flora which is listed in the European Red List and regional Red Book. In nature, the number of S. lehmannii local populations ranges from 300 to 600 individuals, depending on climatic conditions of the year. Preservation of the genepool of regional flora rare endangered species is particularly relevant. According to the Global Strategy of Plant Biodiversity Conservation, in many countries, biotechnological methods have been used to conserve rare endangered plants. For the first time, studies to identify the ways of in vitro morphogenesis in S. lehmannii have been carried out. The initial material was inflorescences collected from donor plants in the summer. An effective method for explants sterilization was developed and the number of aseptic explants was up to 70%. It was demonstrated that the realization of the morphogenetic capacity in S. lehmannii took place via indirect regeneration through in vitro adventitious shoot formation from callus and somatic embryogenesis. It was revealed that 1.0-2.0 mg L-1 BAP and 0.5-2.0 mg L-1 NAA in RG culture medium induced organogenesis. The formation of etiolated seedlings and morphogenic callus occurred after 70-90 days of culture in the dark at a temperature of 24±1°C. The initiation of adventitious bud development, single microshoots, as well as somatic embryogenesis was observed after 2-3 weeks culture. Histological analysis of the morphogenic structures in S. lehmannii revealed the formation of meristematically active zones with subsequent differentiation of adventitious buds and somatic embryoids.
... Micropropagation is a convenient measure suggested for preserving endangered species by rapidly increasing the number of plants in the case of natural population loss in a relatively short period of time and introducing them to their natural or to new environments (Sarasan et al. 2006, Kapai et al. 2010, Cruz-Cruz et al. 2013, González-Benito and Martín 2011. Beside this, tissue culture allows genotype conservation (Tavares et al. 2010b), constitutes a kind of living ex situ collection and is a basic method for other biotechnological conservation measures like cryopreservation of shoots (Cruz-Cruz et al. 2013). Several institutions, like the Kew and Missouri Botanical Gardens (Sarasan et al. 2006), and the Botanic Garden of the University of Coimbra for endemic Apiaceae, are now using this strategy to propagate and maintain endangered and endemic species (Tavares et al. 2009(Tavares et al. -2010(Tavares et al. , 2010b). ...
... Beside this, tissue culture allows genotype conservation (Tavares et al. 2010b), constitutes a kind of living ex situ collection and is a basic method for other biotechnological conservation measures like cryopreservation of shoots (Cruz-Cruz et al. 2013). Several institutions, like the Kew and Missouri Botanical Gardens (Sarasan et al. 2006), and the Botanic Garden of the University of Coimbra for endemic Apiaceae, are now using this strategy to propagate and maintain endangered and endemic species (Tavares et al. 2009(Tavares et al. -2010(Tavares et al. , 2010b). The problems with such propagation include the potential for somaclonal variation, as a consequence of either genetic or epigenetic changes in the tissue culture-propagated material (Bairu et al. 2011). ...
The monotypic Hladnikia pastinacifolia Rchb. is a narrow endemic species, with an extremely small distribution area in Slovenia, prone to any kind of threat that could lead to species extinction. Tissue culture techniques are proposed as a conservation measure for rapid propagation and ex-situ conservation. Tissue culture was initiated from seeds and juvenile plants obtained from natural sites on a solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, with and without growth regulators. We tested various combinations and concentrations of growth regulators, and the best proliferation of axillary shoots, on average 14, was obtained on MS medium with 5 μM BAP and 3 μM IBA and 3% sucrose. Rooting was achieved after transferral of the shoots to an MS medium with 2 μM IBA and 3% sucrose. The rooted plants were acclimatized on a mixture of limestone sand, potting soil and vermiculite in a ratio of 10 : 2 : 2, with pH in the range of 7.5-8.0. In vitro propagation methods provide an important opportunity for the propagation and preservation of H. pastinacifolia by rapidly increasing the number of plants, without disturbing the wild population.
... All plant material analysed was collected taking into account the phenology and the geographic distribution of the four native D. carota subspecies documented in Continental Portugal, following Tavares et al. (2012). Specimens were repeatedly harvested during seven consecutive years, between 2005 and 2011, and used for the analyses of DNA content and essential oil characterization (Table 1), and for fruit morphometric analysis ( Table 2). ...
Coriandrum sativum L. and Foeniculum vulgare Mill. are two aromatic and medicinal Apiaceae species commonly grown in Portugal, whose essential oils (EOs) are used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. The present study evaluated EOs isolated from the fruits and vegetative aerial parts (VAPs) of 11 samples of Coriandrum sativum L. and from the fruits of 19 samples of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. The plant material was grown in experimental fields, after collection from several regions of mainland Portugal. The EOs were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The coriander EOs analysis evidenced two main clusters, with the first containing the fruits’ EOs dominated by linalool (60–73%), γ-terpinene, and α-pinene and the second with the VAPs’ EOs, which showed 2-trans-decenal (37–63%) and n-decanal (13–30%) as the main compounds. The fennel EOs analysis revealed two well correlated clusters, the first dominated by estragole (34–76%) and fenchone (16–30%) and the other dominated by trans-anethole (37–56%) and fenchone (14–34%). The present data suggest coriander EOs’ chemical descriptors as linalool for the fruits’ EOs and 2-trans-decenal with n-decanal for the VAPs’ EOs. For the fennel fruit EOs, the putative descriptors were trans-anethole and estragole, with variable fenchone content. The gathered data reinforce the relevance of clarifying variability of these species’ EOs, particularly when considering aromatic and medicinal plants with such a wide range of applications.
Abstract
The increasing threats to biodiversity loss require measures to reverse this trend, being phytodiversity the basis of life on Earth and vital to the functioning of ecosystems. Conservation of priority species is critical, particularly taxa at higher risks, such as endemics, restricted to very special habitats.
Wild plants offer a wealth of services and goods of essential livelihood value, asking for alertness on the balance between to conserve and to consume. The educative and conservation activities of botanic gardens and similar institutions are crucial to connect people with nature, raising awareness of issues related to access to wild plant resources, the sharing of benefits from their use and the need for their sustainability. On this context, a study with the Apiaceae family in the University of Coimbra Botanic Garden is described, as an example for conservation and valuation of endangered plants collections.
The Apiaceae are aromatic and medicinal plants producing essential oils, with potential secondary bioactive metabolites and are represented in the Iberian Peninsula by several endemic taxa. Micropropagation techniques with protocols for ex situ, in vitro and in situ multiplication were developed to recover the Iberian Apiaceae endemism in Portugal, as well as the characterization and the antifungal activity of their essential oils, investigating the intrinsic properties of these rare taxa promoting their interest and value.
A similar scientific design can be followed for the conservation through a sustainable practice of other endangered taxa and the construction of an “Exotic Garden with Native Plants” is proposed, providing ecological and cultural systems meet “as a Lab”. This collection, knowledge and resources on the endemic Portuguese Apiaceae can be a first contribute, enabling to sustain Mediterranean wild places and rare plants.
Under the “Garden as a Lab” Colloquium goal and perspective, ecology, landscape preservation and environment protection are the thematic context for this presentation, regarding Botanic Gardens as key actors in the conservation and sustainable use of rare medicinal plants.
Considering key actors, we mean both plants and people, as garden are not made by themselves, depending on People for creation, and, even more important, for maintenance.
In reality, the crucial starting point of any garden is not to have a garden - is to keep the garden. A broader problematic can be redirect from this viewpoint, so corresponding to Plants and People action or else Biodiversity and Conservation.
