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The microstructural features and microhardness of ZrB2-reinforced Ti-SiC coatings on Ti-6Al-4V substrate were studied. The deposition of these coatings was achieved via laser cladding technique. A 4.0(Formula presented.)kW fiber-delivered Nd: YAG laser was used to deposit the coatings on the titanium substrate at a laser power of 700(Formula presen...
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In the framework of Additive Manufacturing of metals, Directed Energy Deposition of steel powder over flat surfaces and edges has been investigated in this paper. The aims are the repair and overhaul of actual, worn-out, high price sensitive metal components. A full-factorial experimental plan has been arranged, the results have been discussed in t...
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... Due to the extremely high hardness, high wear resistance, low density, and high designability, ceramic particles have often been added to metal to improve the mechanical strength and wear resistance of the laser cladding coating [11]. Ti-SiC systems are very prone to in situ reactions during the laser cladding process, thereby generating a TiC ceramic phase with high hardness and wear resistance, a Ti 3 SiC 2 phase with self-lubrication, and a Ti 5 Si 3 phase with good high-temperature resistance [12][13][14]. However, the addition of SiC particles is limited to less than 50%. ...
Titanium alloys are widely used in various structural materials due to their lightweight properties. However, the low wear resistance causes significant economic losses every year. Therefore, it is necessary to implement wear-resistant protection on the surface of titanium alloys. In this study, four types of in situ composite ceramic coatings with two-layer gradient structures were prepared on a Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) substrate using laser cladding. In order to reduce the dilution rate, a transition layer (Ti-40SiC (vol.%)) was first prepared on TC4 alloy. Then, a high-volume-fraction in situ composite ceramic working layer (Ti-xFe-80SiC (vol.%)) with different contents of Fe-based alloy powder (x = 0, 5, 10 and 15 vol.%) was prepared. The working surface of Ti-40SiC (TL) exhibited a typical XRD pattern of Ti, TiC, Ti5Si3, and Ti3SiC2. In comparison, both Ti-80SiC (WL-F0) and Ti-5Fe-80SiC (WL-F5) exhibited similar phase compositions to the TL coating, with no new phase identified in the coatings. However, the TiFeSi2 and SiC phases were presented in Ti-10Fe-80SiC (WL-F10) and Ti-15Fe-80SiC (WL-F15). It is proven that the addition of the Fe element could regulate the in situ reaction in the original Ti-Si-C ternary system to form the new phases with high hardness and good wear resistance. The hardness of the WL-F15 (1842.9 HV1) is five times higher than that of the matrix (350 HV1). Due to the existence of self-lubricating phases such as Ti5Si3 and Ti3SiC2, a lubricating film was presented in the WL-F0 and WL-F5 coatings, which could block the further damage of the friction pair and enhance the wear resistance. Furthermore, a wear-transition phenomenon was observed in the WL-F10 and WL-F15 coatings, which was similar to the friction behavior of structural ceramics. Under the load of 10 N and 20 N, the wear volume of WL-F15 coating is 5.2% and 63.7% of that in the substrate, and the depth of friction of WL-15 coating is only 14.4% and 80% of that in the substrate. The transition of wear volume and depth can be attributed to the wear mechanism changing from oxidation wear to adhesive wear.
... With a series of elements in great proportions, they consist of five or more principal substances [5][6][7][8]. Conventional materials, such as Ti6Al4V, SS and Ni-based super alloys, have shown poor heat mechanical properties, namely, hardness, fracture toughness and compressive strength, due to changes in their hotness, thermal expansion and phases [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Sigrum [15] stated that the AlCrFeNiMn HEA behavior, in a geothermal power plant, revealed poor resistance, with high corrosion rates of 3.25 mm/year. ...
In this work, an equi-atomic AlCrFeMnNiV HEA was synthesized by means of arc-melting and casting processes. The casted alloy ingots were heat-treated (annealed) at temperatures of 400, 600 and 800 ºC, for 2 h. The effect of the heat-treatment temperature on the HEA microstructural evolution, compressive strength and corrosion behavior was investigated. Heat-treatment temperatures of 400 and 600 ºC resulted in increased micro-hardness properties that, at 800 ºC, were drastically reduced, although a good combination between strength and ductility was observed. HEA showed an extreme decrease in the current density (J (A/cm 2)), after the heat-treatment, with a lower potential (V). The heat-treated HEA demonstrated a good corrosion rate in acidic conditions, as compared to that of nickel (Ni) based, titanium (Ti) alloys and stainless steel (SS) super alloys. Introduction As human beings have improved their ability to fabricate materials, alloys have evolved from simple to complex compositions, improving functions and performances, and promoting the advancements of civilization. The stability of materials at great heat is one of the most exotic characteristics that are required for manufacturing high temperature applications. These components are required to have high thermo-mechanical fatigue endurance, creep strength and corrosion resistance. Failure of conventional market materials, such as Ni-based, Ti and SS alloys, due to oxidation, wear, thermo-mechanical failure and corrosion at high temperatures, gives room for the design and properties optimization of new alloys
... The corrosion behavior of Al15Ti30Si30Mo15Ni10 in 0.5 M H2SO4 was studied. This could be attributed to the formation of the protective oxide layer of titania (TiO2) and alumna (Al2O3) at higher temperature [42][43][44]. Furthermore, the good corrosion resistance behavior of the fabricated alloy could linked to the fact that sintering at higher temperatures encourages diffusion which hinders the corroding acid to penetrate the alloy [28]. ...
The need for new advanced high temperature materials is in high demand. High
Entropy Alloy (HEAs) has been described to possess excellent mechanical oxidation
and good corrosion resistance properties even far above the ambient temperature.
Attempts are made in this research to study the corrosion, oxidation, microhardness
and densification properties of Al15Ti30Si30Mo15Ni10 HEA produced by spark plasma
sintering (SPS) for high temperature applications. In addition, the effects of SPS
temperature (800, 900 and 1000oC) on the microstructure and phase formation of the
developed HEA were reported. The microstructural modification and phases present
were examined using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with the
energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) respectively.
Ordered FCC and BCC systems were identified along with clearly defined crystal
lattice along with Mo, Ti and Si rich regions were observed. No pores or cracks were
observed from the microstructures. Densification of 98.8% accompanied with
microhardness of 1445.29HV was achieved for both HEA at 1000°C. The
Al15Ti30Si30Mo15Ni10 HEA fabricated at 1000°C displayed a higher polarization value
of 3477 Ω.
... The performance and safety are critical to the aircraft; therefore, the materials used in the main components of the aero engine such as the compressor blades serve an enormous role in the success of the aircraft [2]. Nevertheless, failure of the current commercial material (Ti6Al4V alloy) used in such application is restricted to nonfriction occasions due to the low microhardness, poor wear resistance properties, and also poor oxidation properties at temperatures higher than 450°C [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Hence, more demands for new materials with enhanced properties under harsh operating conditions are increasing. ...
Failure of aerospace components from extreme operating temperatures due to oxidation in components such as turbine blades and compressor blades results in catastrophic consequences, which mostly lead to loss of lives and economic decline. Hence, a need for new novel materials with good corrosion, oxidation, and wear-resistant properties remains a necessity. Near-equiatomic Ti0.3AlMoSi0.3W0.1 high-entropy alloy (HEA) with enhanced mechanical properties and good corrosion-resistant properties was synthesized by means of spark plasma sintering technology. The influence of spark plasma sintering temperature of developed Ti0.3AlMoSi0.3W0.1 HEA was investigated at 800 °C, 900 °C, and 1000 °C. The microstructural evolution was studied by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Vickers microhardness and wear-resistant properties were evaluated using diamond base microhardness tester (EMCO) and tribometer (Rtec), respectively. The corrosion resistance properties and oxidation resistance of the synthesized HEA were also evaluated in 0.5 M H2SO4 using 101 Autolab potentiostat/galvanostat devices and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA), respectively. Heat treatment effect on the synthesized HEA was also studied; the samples were exposed to high temperature of 900 °C in isothermal furnace with holding time of 8 h. From the results, it was found that fabricated HEA showed outstanding microhardness properties and good anticorrosion resistance properties in 0.5-M sulfuric acid medium.
... The properties consist of low-density which provides good strength to weight ratio, high specific strength and good corrosion resistance properties in many environmental conditions [1]. Other properties are outstanding high temperature resistance and biocompatibility [2][3][4]. As a result, titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V) find broad applications in the aerospace, automobile, chemical, marine, petrochemical and engineering industries mostly for manufacturing of airframes and undercarriage components [3,4]. ...
... Other properties are outstanding high temperature resistance and biocompatibility [2][3][4]. As a result, titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V) find broad applications in the aerospace, automobile, chemical, marine, petrochemical and engineering industries mostly for manufacturing of airframes and undercarriage components [3,4]. Nevertheless, Ti6Al4V alloy applications are restricted to non-friction occasions due to the low hardness and poor wear resistance properties. ...
... These materials mainly act as binding phases between the matrix and the ceramic reinforced phases, which mostly reduce the chances of cracks successfully. In addition, they would perhaps partake in the chemical reactions for the period of laser cladding progression, resulting in intermetallic phases [3,6]. The choice of materials which are used for cladding are based mainly on desire to produce coatings which are hard and applicable for aerospace and marine application coating. ...
The use of Titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V) is highly evident in applications such as aerospace, automobile, marine and petrochemical environments owing to their outstanding specific strength to weight ration and good corrosion properties. Although they have high strength useful for fabrication of engineering components and movable parts in a mechanical system, Ti6Al4V are restricted to non-friction applications as a result of their low hardness and poor wear resistance. In this work, TiNi intermetallic hard coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy via coaxial laser cladding method. The effects of laser processing parameters on morphological evolution, microhardness and electrochemical behaviour were studied. The phase present and microstructural evolution were characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) respectively. The corrosion behaviour of the synthesized hard coating was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization technique in 0.5M H2SO4. The microstructures showed no evidence of porosity, crack or initiation of stress.
In this study, laser remelting was used to prepare Ta/Ni-based composite coatings using a combination of Ta-doping in a Ni-based powder. The effects of laser remelting specific energy and Ta-doping content on the surface morphology, phase composition, microstructure, bonding interface, microhardness, and wear resistance of the cladding layers were investigated. The unmelted powder particles on the coating surface disappeared after laser remelting. Laser remelting significantly decreased the grain size of the Ta/Ni-based composite coating, and the bright white microstructure of the doped Ta hindered crystal growth. With increase in the specific energy of the remelts, the internal porosity of the coating significantly decreased, overall grain size of the upper part of the composite coating gradually increased, central columnar crystal content gradually increased, overall crystal size of the lower part first decreased and then increased, and Ta and Ni diffused more fully at the bonding interface between the matrix and the coating, which decreased the difference in the chemical composition of the two sides of the bonding interface. The Ta/Ni-based composite remelted layers had significantly improved microhardness and wear resistance compared to before remelting, and both these parameters tended to increase and then decrease with increasing remelting specific energy.
Because of inadequate hardness, low resistance to wear, and excess friction coefficient of titanium, and its alloys are limited in their applicability. Cladding, a type of surface modification process, is used to create layers on titanium and its alloys that have superior mechanical qualities, wear characteristics, oxidation resistance at high temperatures, and good biocompatibility. Material selection is critical for achieving the increased qualities mentioned above, in addition to various cladding techniques and associated process parameters. A review of the outcomes of various common wear-resistant cladding techniques applied to the titanium alloy surface is the subject of this study. The most important functional claddings in this domain are also presented and investigated in depth. The present issues and future initiatives are also discussed, with an emphasis on identifying knowledge and technological gaps as well as attempting to establish future research possibilities. On this foundation, it is suggested that in the coming years, resistant-to-wear cladding with significant improvements in toughness and hardness should progress on the path of smart manufacturing techniques, optimising and precisely customising microstructural configurations, and developing numerical simulation techniques of cladding.
