Fig 13 - uploaded by Yoshitomi Hiroyuki
Content may be subject to copyright.
Larval mouth parts of Nosodendron (N.) asiaticum. A, B, Mandibles in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) aspects; C, labium; D, maxilla; E, epipharynx; F, hypopharynx. ab, Anterior branch of suspensoria; bg, bridge sclerite of hypopharynx; ss, suspensorial sclerite.
Source publication
The Japanese and Taiwanese species of the genus Nosodendron is revised. The genus is subdivided into two subgenera: Nosodendron and Dendrodipnis. Four species are recognized, including two new species, Nosodendron (D.) ogasawaraense and N. (D.) taiwanense, described in this paper. The larvae of three species, N. (N.) asiaticum, N. (D.) coenosum, an...
Similar publications
The Japanese species of the genus Prostomis are reviewed based on some museum collections. Four species including two new species are recognized and described: P. mordax, P. latoris, P. okinawaensis sp. nov., and P. yaeyamaensis sp. nov. The larvae of three species, Prostomis latoris, P. yaeyamaensis sp. nov., and P. okinawaensis sp. nov. are also...
Katsujia Togashi, 1964 is a monotypic sawfly genus only known from Japan (Tenthredinidae, Nematinae). The generic characters are revised. New taxonomic and bionomic information are given for the type species, Katsujia planaritibia Togashi, 1964. The male and immature stages are described for the first time. The larva is a solitary leaf feeder of Ac...
The genus Diplopherusa Heller, 1922 from Japan and Taiwan is reviewed. Diplopherusa yonaguniensis Murakami, 2016 is synonymized with Diplopherusa kitamurai Nakane, 1989. Diplopherusa shibatai (Miyatake, 1965) is recorded from Toku-no-shima and Okinoerabu-jima. A key to all species and the distributional map of Japanese and Taiwanese species are upd...
The present Japanese Donaciinae includes 23 species in three genera: Plateumaris akiensis Tominaga & Katsura, 1984, P. constricticollis (Jacoby, 1885), P. weisei (Duvivier, 1885), P. sericea (Linnaeus, 1758), P. shirahatai Kimoto, 1971, Donacia (Donaciomima) bicoloricornis Chen, 1941, D. (Donaciomima) clavareaui Jacobson, 1906, D. (Donaciomima) fle...
Japanese species of the genus Cymodusa Holmgren, 1859, are revised. Cymodusa aenigma Dbar, 1985, is newly placed in a junior synonym of C. orientalis Uchida, 1956. A new species, C. japonica sp. nov., is described. Cymodusa antennator Holmgren, 1860 is newly recorded from Japan. A key to Japanese species of this genus is provided.
Citations
... Nosodendridae is a small beetle family with a high degree of morphological uniformity, represented by two genera and about 100 species in the extant fauna (e.g., Reichardt 1976;Háva 2003Háva , 2019Háva , 2021Hisamatsu et al. 2011;Yoshitomi 2013aYoshitomi , 2013bYoshitomi et al. 2015). Recent molecular analyses have revealed that Nosodendridae occupies a relatively isolated position within the suborder Polyphaga, and represent the sole member of the recently recognized superfamily Nosodendroidea (Zhang et al. 2018;McKenna et al. 2019;Cai et al. 2021). ...
... Nosodendrid adults generally share a highly conserved morphology (Fig. 1), which has been well illustrated by Nomura & Kamezawa (2014) and Nomura (2015). Both adults and larvae are often found submerged in the sap exudations of wounded trees (Osborne & Kulhavy 1975;Kulhavy 1980), where they may feed on fungi by filtering (Yoshitomi 2015;Yoshitomi et al. 2015; but also see Hirota et al. 2020). ...
Nosodendridae is a small polyphagan beetle family with a sparse fossil record. Herein, the fossil Nosodendridae from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (ca. 99 Ma) are systematically reviewed. Nosodendron cretaceum Deng et al. is transferred into Archaenosodendron Li & Cai gen. nov., as A. cretaceum (Deng et al.) comb. nov., primarily based on the morphology of prosternum. Three new species of Archaenosodendron from Burmese amber, A. explanatum Li & Cai sp. nov., A. remotidens Li & Cai sp. nov., and A. angulare Li & Cai sp. nov., are also described and illustrated. A key to nosodendrid genera and species from Burmese amber is provided.
... The wounded-tree beetles, Nosodendridae, are an elusive early-diverging family belonging to the megadiverse coleopteran suborder Polyphaga. In total, 98 extant species placed into two genera, Nosodendron Latreille and Nosoglobulus Háva, inhabiting mainly tropical regions have been described to date (Háva, 2014(Háva, , 2015a(Háva, , b, 2018aYoshitomi et al., 2015). Recent transcriptomic analyses have recovered Nosodendridae as an isolated branch on the beetle tree of life, sister to a clade comprising Hydrophiloidea, Staphylinoidea, Scarabaeoidea, Bostrichoidea, Cleroidea, Tenebrionoidea, Coccinelloidea, Cucujoidea, and Phytophaga (McKenna et al., 2019). ...
Nosodendridae, the wounded-tree beetles, are a small polyphagan family with less than 100 described species placed into two extant and one fossil genera. Here we describe a new nosodendrid genus and species, Mesonosa scandens gen. et sp. nov., from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber from northern Myanmar (ca. 99 Ma). The new genus differs from extant nosodendrids in its bilobed tarsomeres 2–4, as well as putatively plesiomorphic characters such as strongly protuberant compound eyes and relatively elongate prosternum. The distinctly lobed tarsi are a unique feature within Nosodendridae, and likely represent an adaptation for climbing plants. The discovery of a third wounded-tree beetle genus from the Mesozoic indicates that while their body plan remained relatively conserved since the Cretaceous, nosodendrids have been more ecomorphologically diverse in the geological past than the present day, and thus are an example of a true “living fossil” lineage.
... The wounded-tree beetles, Nosodendridae, are a small family belonging to the megadiverse coleopteran suborder Polyphaga. The family has a global distribution, but most of its 98 described species occur in tropical regions (H ava, 2014, 2015a, b, 2018aYoshitomi et al., 2015;Deng et al., 2019). Wounded-tree beetles are morphologically rather uniform, rounded to somewhat elongate beetles that mostly do not exceed 10 mm in size (Endr€ ody-Younga, 1989). ...
... They appear to be attracted to injured trees secreting sap and to slime flux at tree wounds (Lawrence, 1991;Leschen and Beutel, 2010). Adults and larvae can remain submerged in fermenting tree sap for prolonged periods of time, probably feeding on fungal hyphae (Leschen and Beutel, 2010;Lawrence and Slipi nski, 2013;Yoshitomi et al., 2015). The position of Nosodendridae within Polyphaga has historically been contentious. ...
The wounded-tree beetles (Nosodendridae) are a small and enigmatic polyphagan family with just under 100 species in two extant genera comprising minute round-oval beetles associated with fermenting tree sap. Here we describe the first extinct genus of Nosodendridae from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber from northern Myanmar (ca. 99 Ma). Basinosa pengweii gen. et sp. nov. can be distinguished from extant genera by a combination of potentially plesiomorphic characters, namely its strongly protuberant compound eyes, long prosternum, slender tarsi, elongate tibiae not strongly widened apically, and metacoxae narrowly separated by a sharp anterior process of the basalmost abdominal ventrite. The new fossil provides further evidence of an ancient origin of Nosodendridae and a ‘missing link’ between the family and more basal polyphagan superfamilies.
... The Nosodendridae is a small family of tree sap beetles, containing only 91 described species representing three genera from around the world (Háva, 2019). Both adults and larvae of nosodendrid beetles are found in tree sap or slime flux seeping from tree injuries, but their exact feeding habit and physiology remain unknown (Yoshitomi et al., 2015). Stammer (1933) briefly reported that the European tree sap beetle Nosodendron fasciculare possesses bacteriaharboring bacteriomes, although the paper presented neither data nor figures. ...
The family Nosodendridae is a small group of tree sap beetles with only 91 described species representing three genera from the world. In 1930s, bacteria-harboring symbiotic organs, called bacteriomes, were briefly described in a European species Nosodendron fasciculare. Since then, however, no studies have been conducted on the nosodendrid endosymbiosis for decades. Here we investigated the bacteriomes and the endosymbiotic bacteria of Nosodendron coenosum and Nosodendron asiaticum using molecular phylogenetic and histological approaches. In adults and larvae, a pair of slender bacteriomes were found along both sides of the midgut. The bacteriomes consisted of large bacteriocytes at the center and flat sheath cells on the surface. Fluorescence in situ hybridization detected preferential localization of the endosymbiotic bacteria in the cytoplasm of the bacteriocytes. In reproductive adult females, the endosymbiotic bacteria were also detected at the infection zone in the ovarioles and on the surface of growing oocytes, indicating vertical symbiont transmission via ovarial passage. Transmission electron microscopy unveiled bizarre structural features of the bacteriocytes, whose cytoplasm exhibited degenerate cytology with deformed endosymbiont cells. Molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that the nosodendrid endosymbionts formed a distinct clade in the Bacteroidetes. The nosodendrid endosymbionts were the most closely related to the bacteriome endosymbionts of bostrichid powderpost beetles and also allied to the bacteriome endosymbionts of silvanid grain beetles, uncovering an unexpected endosymbiont relationship across the unrelated beetle families Nosodendridae, Bostrichidae and Silvanidae. Host-symbiont co-evolution and presumable biological roles of the endosymbiotic bacteria are discussed.
... Similar spiracular modifications are known in several other beetle larvae which live "submerged" and must reach the atmosphere for breathing, e.g. larvae of the hydraenid genus Tym- panogaster Perkins, 1979 living on seepages and wet rocks in Australia (Perkins 2006) or the larvae of Noso- dendron Latreille, 1804 living submerged in ferment- ing tree sap flows (e.g., Yoshitomi et al. 2015). In Tri- tonus, this spiracular modification is combined with modification of the end of the abdomen into a spiracu- lar atrium that pumps atmospheric air to the spiracu- lar system (e.g., Wichard et al. 2002;Fikáček, pers. ...
The egg case and larvae of all three instars of the cascade beetle Tritonus complanatus Short, 2008 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) are described based on specimens found co-occurring with adults and associated with them by comparing histone 3 nDNA sequences. The morphology of the larva is congruent with the phylogenetic position of Tritonus Mulsant, 1844 in the Paracymus-group of the Laccobiini, but also exhibits characters shared with larvae of Hydrobiusini, and some presumed adaptations to the hygropetric life style. The larva has open mesothoracic and abdominal spiracles situated on top of long spiracular tubes in the first instar, likely working as 'spiracular snorkels', and on low tubercles in later instars, along with a well-developed spiracular atrium. Similar spiracular morphology was found in the larva of the terrestrial laccobiine genus Tormus Sharp, 1884, and a brief examination of larvae of few other genera (Oocyclus Sharp, 1882, Hydrobius Leach, 1815) reveals that the peripneustic spiracular system (mesothoracic plus 8 abdominal functioning spiracles) may be more widespread in larval Hydrophilidae than currently believed.
The first representative of the family Nosodendridae, Nosodendron cretaceum sp. nov., is described and figured from the Myanmar amber (ca. 98.79 ± 0.62 Ma). It differs from all known species of Nosodendron in having relatively elongate-oval body, the antennal scape and pedicel elongate with antennomere 3 subequal to or only slightly longer than pedicel. This is the first Mesozoic and the earliest record of the Nosodendridae. The Eocene Nosotetocus Scudder, 1892 (TS: Nosotetocus marcovi Scudder, 1892), Nosotetocus debilis Scudder, 1900, Nosotetocus vespertinus Scudder, 1900 and Nosodendron tritavum Scudder, 1900 not belong to Nosodendridae and are here provisionally transferred to Byrrhidae.
