Fig 3 - uploaded by Usukhjargal Dalaikhuu
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Larvae of (a) gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) and of (b) grasshopper Bryodema tuberculata feeding on planted 2-yr-old seedlings of U. pumila. (c) Stem of planted seedling decorticated by grasshoppers or small mammals.
Source publication
The potential of Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila) to regenerate from seeds was experimentally studied on south-facing slopes in the northern Mongolian mountain taiga. These slopes are covered with a vegetation mosaic of different steppe communities and small, savanna-like, U. pumila open woodlands. The hypothesis is tested that the xeric microclimate an...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... planted seedlings of U. pumila survived the first growing season, but were differently damaged by herbivores or drought. At the start of the growing season in late May and June, briefly after planting, leaves were consumed by larvae of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar; Fig. 3a). Afterwards grasshoppers and mice became active through the rest of the growing season, which decorticated stems (grasshoppers and mice; Fig. 3b, c) Leaf herbivory was highest in the early growing season under the influence of gypsy moth, and was moderate in August and September (Table 4). Herbivory damage of more than 50% of the ...
Context 2
... but were differently damaged by herbivores or drought. At the start of the growing season in late May and June, briefly after planting, leaves were consumed by larvae of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar; Fig. 3a). Afterwards grasshoppers and mice became active through the rest of the growing season, which decorticated stems (grasshoppers and mice; Fig. 3b, c) Leaf herbivory was highest in the early growing season under the influence of gypsy moth, and was moderate in August and September (Table 4). Herbivory damage of more than 50% of the leaves occurred in less than 1% of the seedlings, while >25-50% of the leaves were consumed in 13% seedlings, as were >5-25% of the leaves in 39% of the ...
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Citations
A trait coordination network is constructed through intercorrelations of functional traits, which reflect trait‐based adaptive strategies. However, little is known about how these networks change across spatial scales, and what drivers and mechanisms mediate this change.
This study bridges that gap by integrating functional traits related to plant carbon gain and water economy into the coordination network of Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila), a eurybiont that survives along a 3800 km environmental gradient from humid forest to arid desert.
Our results demonstrated that both stomatal density and stomatal size reached a physiological threshold at which adjustments in these traits were not sufficient to cope with the increased environmental stress. Network analysis further revealed that the mechanism for overcoming this threshold, the stomatal opening ratio, gratio, was represented by the highest values for centrality across different spatial scales, and therefore mediated the changes in the trait coordination network along environmental gradients. The mediating roles manifested as creating the highest maximum theoretical stomatal conductance (gsmax) but lowest possible gratio for pathogen defense in humid regions, while maintaining the gratio ‘sweet spot’ (c. 20% in this region) for highest water use efficiency in semihumid regions, and having the lowest gsmax and highest gratio for gas exchange and leaf cooling in arid regions.
These results suggested that the stomatal traits related to control of stomatal movement play fundamental roles in balancing gas exchange, leaf cooling, embolism resistance and pathogen defense. These insights will allow more accurate model parameterization for different regions, and therefore better predictions of species’ responses to global change.
