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Larvae of Jadera haematoloma, dorsal (15, 17, 19) and ventral (16, 18, 20) views 15–16 fourth instar (old) 17–18 fifth instar, male (old) 19–20 fifth instar, female (old). Scale bar in mm.
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The soapberry bug, Jadera haematoloma (Herrich-Schäffer, 1847) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Rhopalidae: Serinethinae), a species native in tropical and subtropical regions of the New World and accidentally introduced to Hawaii, is reported for the first time from Asia (Taiwan). This record represents the first occurrence of the species in Asia...
Citations
... There are three soapberry bug host plant species in our southeastern Texas study area and these hosts differ dramatically in fruit size: (1) native balloon vine (Cardiospermum halicacabum; 35,36 . In this humid subtropical region, soapberry bugs breed continuously year-round, with overlapping generations (adult lifespan <60 days; ref. 42) and do not enter diapause at sites with host seeds available 43 . Once mated, females oviposit eggs in shallow (~1 cm) holes in the ground that they excavate beneath their host plants 38 . ...
Predicting future evolutionary change is a critical challenge in the Anthropocene as geographic range shifts and local extinction emerge as hallmarks of planetary change. Hence, spatial sorting—a driver of rapid evolution in which dispersal-associated traits accumulate along expanding range edges and within recolonized habitats—might be of growing importance in ecology and conservation. We report on the results of a natural experiment that monitored recolonization of host plants by the seed-feeding, red-shouldered soapberry bug, Jadera haematoloma, after local extinctions from catastrophic flooding in an extreme hurricane. We tested the contribution of spatial sorting to generate rapid and persistent evolution in dispersal traits, as well as in feeding traits unrelated to dispersal. Long-winged dispersal forms accumulated in recolonized habitats and due to genetic correlation, mouthparts also became longer and this shift persisted across generations. Those longer mouthparts were probably adaptive on one host plant species but maladaptive on two others based on matching the optimum depth of seeds within their host fruits. Moreover, spatial sorting eroded recently evolved adaptive divergence in mouthpart length among all host-associated biotypes, an outcome pointing to profound practical consequences of the extreme weather event for local adaptation, population resilience and evolutionary futures.
... Adults are regularly attracted to light as many collection records show. Most early host plant records from Puerto Rico are possibly in error, given the well documented coevolution between Jadera species and Sapindaceae (Carroll and Loye, 1987 gous seed-predator on plants of the soapberry family (Sapindaceae), hence its common name "soap-berry bug" (Tsai et al., 2013). This species was first reported by Ramos (1946), who found numerous nymphs and adults under dead leaves and culms of Panicum maximum Jacq. ...
... It is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of North, Central and South America (Göllner-Scheiding, 1979), and it is also found in temperate parts of the USA. According to Tsai et al. (2013), this species forms large aggregations on various native and cultivated soapberries (Sapindaceae). This species has only been reported from Mona Island, and was first reported by Ramos (1946) at Uvero Beach on April 5, 1944. ...
Superfamilies Aradoidea, Pyrrhocoroidea and Coreoidea from Puerto Rico are discussed as part of an updated account of Hemiptera: Heteroptera. In this final part, we present 48 species belonging to the three superfamilies, with six families known from Puerto Rico: Aradoidea: Aradidae (12); Pyrrhocoroidea: Largidae (1) and Pyrrhocoridae (3); and Coreoidea: Alydidae (5), Rhopalidae (7) and Coreidae (20). Taxonomic accounts presented here include synonymies, known distribution, lists of host plants and a listing of examined specimens. Taxonomical keys are also provided for the identification of all taxa included. Color plates for 43 species are included. Five species are new records for Puerto Rico: Brachyrhynchus membranaceus (F.), Leptoglossus confusus Alayo and Grillo, Eubule scutellata (Westwood), Mamurius cubanus Barber and Bruner, and Merocoris typhaeus (F.). Most species are widespread in the West Indies, with the largest number of island endemics in the Aradidae. A discussion of the origins, biodiversity, biogeography, and endemism of all Puerto Rican Pentatomomorpha is presented.
... Many workers have dealt with the morphological studies of Rhopalidae family for the life cycle and host plant studies [9,[15][16][17][18]. However, the present study provides a detailed description of both male and female genitalia of soapberry bug, L. augur, based on scanning electron microscopic studies for the first time. ...
Morphological studies were conducted on male and female genitalia of Leptocoris augur (Fabricius, 1781) by using light microscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. Detailed morphological descriptions of the genitalia of L. augur (male and female) were studied for the first time. Five main types of sensilla, i.e., sensilla trichoidea, sensilla basiconica, microtrichia, sensilla coeloconica, and setae, were observed, and their possible role with respect to taxonomy, host plant selection, and copulatory behavior have been discussed.
... Soapberry bugs are native to coastal dry hammock forest, along the Caribbean Sea from the US Gulf of Mexico to South America ( Supplementary Fig. 4). Jadera feed on several plants of the soapberry family, native to the United States, including Cardiospermum sp. in Florida 35 . Since about 1950, a population of J. haematoloma has adapted to a novel host plant, the introduced goldenrain tree (Koelreuteria sp.) [36][37][38] . ...
Plasticity, the capacity of an organism to respond to its environment, is thought to evolve through changes in development altering the integration of environmental cues. In polyphenism, a discontinuous plastic response produces two or more phenotypic morphs. Here we describe evolutionary change in wing polyphenism and its underlying developmental regulation in natural populations of the red-shouldered soapberry bug, Jadera haematoloma (Insecta: Hemiptera: Rhopalidae) that have adapted to a novel host plant. We find differences in the fecundity of morphs in both sexes and in adult expression of insulin signaling components in the gonads. Further, the plastic response of ancestral-state bugs can be shifted to resemble the reaction norm of derived bugs by the introduction of exogenous insulin or RNA interference targeting the insulin signaling component encoded by FoxO. These results suggest that insulin signaling may be one pathway involved in the evolution of this polyphenism, allowing adaptation to a novel nutritional environment.
... The derived population on the tree has, however, lost its ability to perform well on the native host (Carroll et al. 1998 ). Ironically, the most detailed description of the nymphal stadia of this species is in a beautifully complete review of the species by Tsai et al. ( 2013 ), based on observations of the recently introduced population in Taiwan. Nymphs and adults of J. haematoloma cluster on seeds of the balloon vine Cardiospermum corundum (L.) forming a bright red "ball of bugs" around it ( Fig. 20.2c ). ...
... Distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Belize, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Uruguay, Argentina, Cuba, Puerto Rico, United States, Hawaii, and Taiwan (Tsai et al. 2013 ). Relevant literature: Schaefer ( 1965 ), 10 (morphology, genitalia, fi gures); Göllner-Scheiding ( 1979 ), 57 (redescription, lectotype, genitalia, fi gures, distribution); Schaefer and Chopra ( 1982 ), 226 (morphology, host plants) ;Schaefer and Mitchell ( 1983 ), 593 (host plants); Mead ( 1985 ) (diagnostic characters, wing polymorphism, larva, photos, host plant, distribution, map, phenology, aggregation, impact on human, control); Carroll and Loye ( 1987 ), 373 (host plants, feed-ing, coevolution with host plants, aggregation, ecology, distribution, map); Carroll ( 1988 ), 54 (records, distribution, host plants, phenology, development, reproductive behavior, and ecology); Ribeiro ( 1989 ), 466 (records, host plant, aggregation, aposematism, development); Aldrich et al. ( 1990a ), 200 (laboratory rearing, chemical ecology); Carroll ( 1991 ), 510 (reproductive behavior and ecology); Carroll and Boyd ( 1992 ), 1,053 (intraspecifi c variability, evolution); Carroll ( 1993 ), 156 (reproductive ecology); Carroll and Dingle ( 1996 ), 210 (records, host plants, feeding, intraspecifi c variability, evolution); Dingle and Winchell ( 1997 ), 365 (genetic and physiological control of wing polymorphism); Carroll et al. ( 1998 ), 956 (records, host plants, reproductive ecology, adaptation); Reinert et al. ( 1999 ) Liorhyssus hyalinus (F.) (Fig. 20.5a ) Worldwide and throughout the Neotropics (Göllner-Scheiding 1983 ), this species is distinguished by a hyaline membrane of the hemelytra extending beyond the abdomen. ...
... Yet very little is known about the biology of most of its approximately 200 species. Ironically, while members the subfamily Serinethinae are commonly noted as nuisance pests because many species form large aggregations in domestic settings (e.g., Mead 1985 ), they are little studied from a practical perspective and instead are more commonly the subject of theoretically motivated studies in evolution and ecology (reviewed by Tsai et al. 2013 ). Genus Jadera is speciose and common throughout the Neotropics but has not been actively studied at low latitudes since the 1980s. ...
Rhopalidae are closely related to the much more speciose Coreidae, and like them are plant feeders, although more associated with reproductive tissues and seeds. The two rhopalid subfamilies, Rhopalinae and Serinethinae, occur worldwide, with the latter more restricted to tropical latitudes. About 38% of the ca. 210 rhopalid species and 38% of the 21 genera have at least partially Neotropical distributions. The Serinethine genus Jadera Stål is particularly associated with the neotropics, and like other members of the subfamily feeds on seeds of Sapindaceae (soapberry family). Most Neotropical rhopalid species are unstudied, and few appear to have major economic importance. However, Serinethines are important models in insect reproductive life history, behavior and human-induced evolution. Rhopalids are not scentless, and a more accurate family name is needed.
This paper provides a comprehensive faunal survey of the Rhopalidae from southern South America with emphasis on the fauna of Argentina, based on published and unpublished data. The biodiversity from Argentina comprises 38 recorded species from six genera: Arhyssus Stål 1870 (one species), Liorhyssus Stål 1870 (two species), Niesthrea Spinola 1837 (five species), Xenogenus Berg 1883 (two species), Harmostes Burmeister 1835 (20 species), and Jadera Stål 1862 (eight species). We established accurate distributions for most of the species and report new distributional information for 27 of them. Most of these records are from Argentinean provinces, but we also report five new country records: three from Argentina – Harmostes (Harmostes) splendens Harris 1944, H. (Neoharmostes) bergi Göllner-Scheiding 1998 and Arhyssus tricostatus (Spinola 1852); one from Brazil – Xenogenus picturatum Berg 1883; and one from Paraguay – Harmostes (Harmostes) gravidator (Fabricius 1794).
