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Context 1
... of the territory is covered by forest and uncultivated areas, while mining and mineral processing facilities (mines, open pits, smelters and dumps) of the Copperbelt are generally situated in the surroundings of the urban settlements (Fig. ...
Context 2
... type of land use in the Copperbelt Province (Fig. 2) (FAO, 2009) was associated with a specific value of a Land Use Risk Coefficient (LURC) according to Poggio et al. (2008) (Table ...
Context 3
... distribution maps of LURC values for both soil/dust (Fig. 6A) and food (Fig. 6B) ingestion were generated by ascribing the corresponding coefficient (Table 1) to each land use type (Fig. ...
Context 4
... scoring ( Fig. 10; Table 2), based on the sum of the WRr for each exposure pathway, indicated that the constituency of Kwacha, with a score of 66 ( Fig. 10; Table 2), as the one with the highest priority, in case the local government would consider to take action. The constituencies of Kabushi and Chimwemwe, with scores of 50 and 48, respectively, also represent a major priority compared to the rest of the territory of the Zambian Copperbelt ...
Context 5
... of the territory is covered by forest and uncultivated areas, while mining and mineral processing facilities (mines, open pits, smelters and dumps) of the Copperbelt are generally situated in the sur- roundings of the urban settlements (Fig. ...
Context 6
... type of land use in the Copperbelt Province (Fig. 2) (FAO, 2009) was associated with a specific value of a Land Use Risk Coefficient (LURC) according to Poggio et al. (2008) (Table ...
Context 7
... distribution maps of LURC values for both soil/dust (Fig. 6A) and food (Fig. 6B) ingestion were generated by ascribing the corre- sponding coefficient (Table 1) to each land use type (Fig. ...
Context 8
... scoring ( Fig. 10; Table 2), based on the sum of the WRr for each exposure pathway, indicated that the constituency of Kwacha, with a score of 66 ( Fig. 10; Table 2), as the one with the highest priority, in case the local government would consider to take action. The constitu- encies of Kabushi and Chimwemwe, with scores of 50 and 48, respec- tively, also represent a major priority compared to the rest of the territory of the Zambian Copperbelt ...
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... Globally, environmental pollution has detrimental effects on human health, and remains a relevant topic among policy makers and researchers (Gaur and Adholeya, 2004;J€ arup, 2003;Liu et al., 2013;Martin and Griswold, 2009). Metal[oid] pollution of soil is an important issue confronting global food security and food safety as they can enter the food chain when contaminated crops are consumed (Kong, 2014). Fe in excesses result in nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hepatic damage, diabetes, testicular atrophy, arthritis, cardiomyopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and hyperpigmentation (Andrew, 1999;Gill and Ferreira, 2014;Lieu et al., 2001). ...
The current study investigated the growth, uptake and distribution of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L) grown in soil collected from two sites near Kette-Batouri Goldmines, Eastern Cameroon. Seeds were germinated and grown in the two soil types for 12 weeks under greenhouse conditions. The length of the roots and shoots were significantly affected by the soil type. Thereafter, PHEs in the plant organs were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The translocation factor (TF) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of greenhouse-grown Swiss chard were calculated. The order of abundance of PHEs in Soil 1 were: Fe >Al >Ba >Pb >Mg and in Soil 2 were: Al >Fe >Ba >Mg >Pb. Pb, Al and Ba had higher concentrations in the roots compared to the shoots of Swiss chard. Mg, Fe and Ba had TF and BAF >1 with Mg having the highest TF and BAF. The current findings add to a better understanding of elemental uptake by plants from soils. This will assist with in situ phyto-technology that can be crafted into tools for educating farmers and locals within the mining vicinity. Such knowledge will guide their choice of appropriate reclamation and restoration of soil health for sustainable agriculture.
... They indicated that the mining area was risky to the health of local residents due to the use of mercury. For example, Bose-O'Reilly et al. [20,21] noted that a woman from the gold mine whose breast milk of up to 149 μg/l, from mercury contamination by inhaling mercury vapour and eating food (especially fish). And with high levels of potentially toxic elements released in copper waste, improper disposal threatens ecosystems and human health. ...
Mining operation brings great economic benefits to human society and seriously threatens the health of the ecological environment. It is urgent to restore the ecosystem and the treatment of the ecological environment in the mining area. Most academic articles only focus on researching a specific mine area, and the solutions proposed are single and not universal, which is difficult to use for reference by other mine restoration work. Therefore, based on a broader perspective, this paper comprehensively and systematically summarizes the public ecological environment problems and treatment methods of different mining operations. The main work is as follows: (1) through the comparative analysis of many mining academic articles, the main environmental hazards are summarized. This paper mainly introduces the threat of mining to the human living environment from the aspects of water source, soil, and biology. (2) Referring to different mining area restoration practices and mining waste treatment cases, the author combined with the main hazardous substances produced by mining and summarized the effective treatment methods and intervention means. This paper summarizes the methods to reduce Mining Hazards in detail from the perspectives of physics, chemistry, biology, and government. These summary contents have extremely important guiding significance for the restoration of the ecological environment of the mining area and the reuse of waste mining resources to maintain the orderly circulation of the ecological environment and realize the sustainable development of the mining area.
... The problem of dust in sea ports mainly refers to cargoes such as coal, metal ores, and chemical products [5]. Most attention is paid to the problems of dust and its impact on the environment (including explosiveness) or physiology and health [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. ...
The aim of the study is to identify and determine the role of microbial degradation taking place in dusty deposits in potential threats (i.e., destruction of protective coatings and development of corrosion) to the means of transport in conditions of transshipment of energy biomass. This paper presents the results of research on the impact of powdery fractions of wood biomass and biomass obtained from oil plants in the degradation of paint coatings and corrosion processes. During the research, exposure to simulated port climate, OM, SEM, and EDS studies were used. It has been found that the presence of the fraction containing protein compounds and amino acids (e.g., dust of rapeseed meal) stimulates the growth of microorganisms whose metabolism products favour the destruction of protective coatings and the development of corrosion. Under the same conditions, the destruction of protective zinc coatings has been observed. It was found that already 14 days of exposure to oily biomass deposits results in damage to paint coatings caused by microbiological processes. The 8-week exposure causes serious degradation of protective coatings and the base material itself. The biomass of wood origin, containing compounds of the tannin type, did not show as much aggressive activity as the biomass with protein compounds.
... From this exercise, two projects (UNESCO/Sida IGCP-594 and IGCP-606) emerged as a research networking platform between scientists from Africa and Europe on the environmental and health challenges of mining activities in Africa. At the end of their implementation, the two projects jointly prepared and published a Special Issue on "Impacts of mining and mineral processing on the environment and human health in Africa" in the Journal of Geochemical Exploration in 2014 edited by Kříbek et al. (2014). However, it was obvious that the challenges facing African countries as a result of mining activities go well beyond simple IGCP projects, and need extensive mobilisation in terms of human resources, laboratory facilities and fund raising. ...
Over>40 years of implementation of the International Geoscience
Programme (IGCP), a partnership and flagship programme between
UNESCO and the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS),
UNESCO realized that the involvement of Africa both in terms of projects devoted to the continent and leadership, was marginal. Between 2011 and 2013, UNESCO collaborated with the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) to support capacity-building activities aiming to increase the participation of Africa in IGCP. From this exercise, two projects (UNESCO/Sida IGCP-594 and IGCP-606) emerged as a research networking platform between scientists from Africa and Europe on the environmental and health challenges of mining activities in Africa. At the end of their implementation, the two projects jointly prepared and published a Special Issue on “Impacts of mining and mineral processing on the environment and human health in Africa” in the Journal of Geochemical Exploration in 2014 edited by Kříbek et al. (2014). However, it was obvious that the challenges facing African countries as a result of mining activities go well beyond simple IGCP projects, and need extensive mobilisation in terms of human resources, laboratory facilities and fund raising. The success of two major IGCP projects (IGCP-594 and IGCP-606) encouraged UNESCO to enter into a new Programme Cooperation Agreement with Sida for the period 2014–2018 to support an expanded project entitled “Mapping and Assessing the Environmental and Health Impacts of Abandoned Mines in Sub-Saharan African Countries”. The project aimed to reduce the adverse effects of mining activities on the ecosystem and health of adjacent communities while, at the same time, promote a peaceful mining atmosphere among industry, authorities and local communities.
An important advancement in the mining sector is the legal obligation
for mining companies to rehabilitate former operational mine sites and ensure that they are restored to a safe environmental state after the mine is closed. While this concept is well rooted in mining legislation in many developed countries, this is not always the case in
developing countries, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Apart from poor environmental governance as highlighted in the Africa Mining Vision, many African countries lack a precise inventory and assessment of abandoned and derelict mines. It is therefore important to make an assessment of the true extent of the detrimental effects of metal and metalloid pollutants and their impact on human and animal health, as well as on ecosystems. This is a pre-requisite for appropriate legislation development and enforcement.
This new project intended to provide crucial scientific knowledge that will contribute to understanding of the factors that control cycling of pollutants from abandoned mines in soils, water and vegetation and the impact on the food chain. Development of appropriated technologies to mitigate environmental risk associated with mining activities was also at the heart of the project. Furthermore, influencing policies, training, education and awareness focusing on communities involved or living around mine sites were important aspects of the project. We anticipate that the results of the project will be used to improve the environmental norms in individual countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and the efficiency of governments in addressing the challenges related to the adverse effects of abandoned mines.
The new project builds on a strong network of>100 scientists working on 29 sites in 17 African countries, with focus on field assessment of pollution (soil, water, crops, health of human and animals), rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems, and policy issues for the attention of communities and governments. For the monitoring of the project, UNESCO put in place a scientific board composed of international experts in this field, some of whom have served as Co-Guest Editors of this Special Issue. An important meeting took place in April 2018 in Nairobi, Kenya, where all project leaders met with the members of the scientific board to evaluate the progress of the project. A key resolution by participants of this meeting was the preparation of another Special Issue to avail the new research contributions to the scientific community.
As recalled in the previous Special Issue [Kříbek et al. (Ed.), 2014], the problem of assessing the degree of contamination of the environment in Africa is due to the lack of geochemical “background” data, making it difficult or even impossible, in many cases, to distinguish between primary geogenic impact and anthropogenic contamination. We believe that this issue has not only benefited from its predecessor [Kříbek et al. (Ed.), 2014], but also contributed in its own ways, to making some progress in addressing the “background” issue. The 13 papers published in this issue cover the following three themes: (1) assessment of pollution in soil, water and plant; (2) human exposure to uranium; (3) microorganism and site remediation; and (4) management of abandoned mines legacies.
... Africa is richly endowed with mineral resources and ranks second in quantity of world reserves of bauxite, cobalt, industrial diamond, phosphate rock, platinum-group metals (PGM), vermiculite, zirconium and galena among many others. Mining of georesources stands at number two after agriculture in contributing to the toxic metal load of agricultural soils and water bodies (Davies and Humbulani, 2010;Davies, 2010;Davies, 2013;Raja and Namburu, 2014;Kříbek et al., 2014;Muibat et al., 2016). Gold mining is one of Africa's main mining resources (Thomas et al., 2012). ...
... The quality of the soil will determine whether human life and terrestrial wildlife can be supported and whether safety will be guaranteed for local communities. Pollution with minor and trace elements may persist for many years, threatening local ecosystems and jeopardizing local community health (Kříbek et al. 2014). Mining site rehabilitation may thus be required before handing over the site to the local population and local government bodies. ...
The present study aims to assess the impact of a gold mine located in the southeastern part of Burkina Faso on local soil quality. This information is needed in order to determine any health hazards and potential remediation strategies as the mining site is expected to be turned over to the local community after the closure of the mine. For the purpose, total minor and trace elements analysis as well as a sequential extraction were performed and results were interpreted using different methodologies: enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo) computed using two separate background samples, and comparison to selected national standard. The soil analysis revealed a moderate to significant soil EF and Igeo with hotspots located closer to the ore processing plant and on the east side of the site, with a maximum arsenic concentration of 286.55 ± 12.50 mg/kg. Sequential extraction revealed, however, that less than 2% of the arsenic is found in the exchangeable part. Cobalt and zinc are more distributed in the different fractions than arsenic. Geogenic and anthropogenic contributions were revealed by the study.
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... loss of soil fertility for agriculture, air pollution, noise, vibrations, waste-water discharge, groundwater destabilization, wildlife destabilization, geomorphologic changes, soil and flora changes, soil and vegetation contamination from dust (soluble and insoluble) and water acidification (Agbo & Honkpehedji, 2009;Kříbeka et al., 2014;M. S. Lagnika, 2004). ...
... The increase of industrial activity in recent decades has revolutionized many lifestyles since the industrial revolution. The various ores processing levels into products of public or individual utility are known to be a source of a whole range of risks most of whom start at every step of ore extraction from its natural environment (Kříbeka et al., 2014;Peck & Sinding, 2003;Singh et al., 2011). Accordingly, several environmental factors (EFs) are affected despite the diversity of environmental management tools available. ...
... Some collapses or failures of dams occurred over the world are registered: a coal mine at Saunders(USA, 1972), in Stava (Italy, 1985, in Spain (1998), in Sweden(2000)and in an aluminium mine at Kolontar (Hungary, 2010). Also, authors notice significant pollution and environmental degradation around extraction operations and production processes(Kříbeka, De Vivob, & Davies, 2014;Singh, Ihlenfeld, Oates, Plant, & Voulvoulis, 2011). Others do not hesitate to expose the impacts of unbalancing incidences on basic human need as loss of soil fertility, air contamination by dust, health and safety issues, acidification of wastewater, destabilization of: groundwater, wildlife, geomorphology, etc.(Agbo & Honkpehedji, 2009;M. ...
Les activités industrielles dont les mines influencent les modes de vie par leurs besoins en
matériaux de base. L’extraction des matériaux enfouis sous terre se subdivise en quatre
phases d’activités : l’exploration, la construction, l’exploitation et la clôture, qui se
fragmentent en opérations. Mais, ces opérations font des mines une niche de risques
responsables d’enjeux environnementaux à gérer. Ces risques varient selon le type
d’opération, la sensibilité des facteurs environnementaux, les interactions entre eux et le
cycle de vie. Pour réduire leur occurrence, les normes de gestion environnementale et les
législations territoriales imposent l’implantation de systèmes de gestion avant l’installation
de toute unité de production, principalement les études d’impact sur l’environnement. Elles
consistent à identifier les risques ou leurs sources, à prédéterminer les mesures d’atténuation
et établir des plans d’action. Nombreuses sont les investigations menées pour développer de
meilleures approches de gestion, mais, malheureusement, les risques dans les mines ont une
portée négative difficile à éradiquer.
Toutefois, l’avènement de nouvelles technologies ces dernières décennies a favorisé
l’émergence des systèmes dynamiques majoritairement orientés vers l’optimisation des
productions. Mais, possédant la propriété novatrice d’une gestion non compartimentée, les
principes dynamiques avec à la gestion environnementale renforcent la procédure
d’évaluation environnementale. Ils offrent alors un nouvel outil de gestion intégrateur de
l’évolution du système, de ses composants et des vecteurs de risques générés. La majorité des
facteurs environnementaux étant tributaire de l’eau, source de vulnérabilité connue, les
résultats vont se structurer spécifiquement autour. Les contributions se déclinent en trois
parties après la recension bibliographique.
La première partie consiste à élaborer des stratégies d’évaluation environnementale et de
maintenance du système de production dans son contexte dynamique en intégrant les phases
du cycle de vie de ܶ à ܶା. Plusieurs étapes ont servi à déterminer qualitativement et
quantitativement les risques dans le temps et à faire l’évaluation environnementale continue
du système une fois la mine en opération. Cette réalisation a permis une caractérisation
raffinée à jour des facteurs affectés.
Suite à cela, l’investigation sur les systèmes dynamiques a démontré leurs propriétés
compatibles à la gestion environnementale minière. Ceci au niveau de : la prise de décisions,
la modélisation opérationnelle, la numérisation de la communication des risques, la
planification des mesures d’atténuation et la résolution des risques. Enfin, la troisième partie
est un cas pratique qui favorise la validation du potentiel des systèmes dynamiques aux
pratiques de gestion environnementale existantes. Un modèle temporel de gestion des
risques, dont ceux découlant des effluents, a été produit.
Les analyses permettent de montrer un niveau de maturité de ce secteur à intégrer le temps,
les aspects rétroactifs et interactifs à la gestion environnementale. Cette nouvelle approche
répond ainsi aux besoins du principe d’amélioration continue, à la prise en compte des
données dynamiques correspondantes au niveau de développement des mines et favorise
ainsi l’arrimage aux normes internationales.
Mots-clés : industrie, mines, dynamique, gestion, évaluation environnementale
... The increase of industrial activity in recent decades has revolutionized many lifestyles since the industrial revolution. The various ores processing levels into products of public or individual utility are known to be a source of a whole range of risks most of whom start at every step of ore extraction from its natural environment (Kříbeka, De Vivob, & Davies, 2014;Peck & Sinding, 2003;Singh, Ihlenfeld, Oates, Plant, & Voulvoulis, 2011). Accordingly, several environmental factors (EFs) are affected despite the diversity of environmental management tools available. ...
Natural resources are sources of much ecological instability. They are subjects of many types of research and led to the strengthening of measures. However, the exposure to hazards (water-air-soil pollution, radiation, degradation, etc.) due to such industries as mining continuous. This paper intends to show the dynamic relationships between production and time as part of the synergy of the whole extraction system over time. Given to sensitives issues known in the heart of mining operations, water is, therefore, the only environmental factor considered to lighten the research methodology. So, after the hypothesis, a temporal graphic with time and mining production level as explanatory and dependent variables is developed. Then, attention is given to the hypothesis validation used to highlight the joint result of the two variables. This is done by a literature review on environmental management risks tools existing, in-depth on the open pit mines with the simple linear regression analysis. The paired T-test Student result will help to clarify the potential of this statistical approach.
... Some collapses or failures of dams occurred over the world are registered: a coal mine at Saunders (USA, 1972), in Stava (Italy, 1985), in Spain (1998), in Sweden (2000 and in an aluminium mine at Kolontar (Hungary, 2010). Also, authors notice significant pollution and environmental degradation around extraction operations and production processes (Kříbeka, De Vivob, & Davies, 2014;Singh, Ihlenfeld, Oates, Plant, & Voulvoulis, 2011). Others do not hesitate to expose the impacts of unbalancing incidences on basic human need as loss of soil fertility, air contamination by dust, health and safety issues, acidification of wastewater, destabilization of: groundwater, wildlife, geomorphology, etc. (Agbo & Honkpehedji, 2009;Lagnika et al., 2017). ...
Environment impacts are usually determined by quantification or an evaluation system derived from several methodologies including environmental assessment, matrices, and data cross-referencing. This study uses a dataset obtained from validated mining Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), some monitoring reports and scientific insights on open-pit mines (OPM). The purpose here is to build a dynamic matrix system over time to facilitate a systemic evaluation of environmental impacts and to find in-depth preventive measures in any OPM. The four dynamic matrices are built with qualitative and numerical values in both magnitude and significance terms. As one of the issues is to minimize negative risks in OPMs, one outcome points out the environmental factors of mining operations sensitive to the variations over time and the variability of the parameters themselves. The results show secondly that the data (qualitative and quantitative) vary from EIA stage to a post EIA status like activities or environmental factors numbers. Thirdly, the impact of activities on each part of environment components and the incidence of all activities during the mines’ life cycle is easier to identify whatever the data density. In the fourth line, this paper indicates that the dynamic matrix in an optimal alternative in the process of determining preventive measures to mitigate the risks and the need for an interactive environmental follow-up program in mining or similar industry. This approach reduces the following-up monitoring weaknesses and allows managers, as a multi-criterion decision-making approach, to take enlightened actions.
... There were numerous ERs identified in the literature associated with the operation of OPMs: loss of soil fertility for agriculture, air pollution, noise, vibrations, waste-water discharge, groundwater destabilization, wildlife destabilization, geomorphologic changes, soil and flora changes, soil and vegetation contamination from dust (soluble and insoluble) and water acidification (Lagnika 2004;Agbo & Honkpehedji 2009;Kříbeka et al. 2014). Moreover, the type of ore and the geological formation coupled to the various mining activities (digs, sampling, spraying, drilling and blasting) and enrichment of deposits such as gold (with mercury, cyanidation, etc.) are also other serious sources of contaminant emissions (MAC 2010;NMA 2010). ...
The buoyancy of the minerals market, due to price and demand continually rising, maintains an increased interest for investors in mining. However, it is a sector particularly facing many negative environmental impacts, technical and environmental conditions to which are added the meeting of financial and production goals. Nevertheless in lockstep together, risk management of these extractive activities on environment – in this age where the society’s level of awareness in ecological balance has evolved – continues to fuel discussions and interventions. Therefore, it becomes unavoidable to manage more effectively the environmental factors around mines. This study aims to propose the integration of environmental management (EM) tools based on dynamic simulation (DS) for mining. This research is structured in four main topics: (1) the dynamics of open-pits system, (2) the management of their environmental effects, (3) the EM tools at the disposal of managers and (4) the proposed EM by DS. The results show that the challenges are numerous and the volume of DS approaches in mining is constantly growing, even if only few are directed towards EM. Some approaches of DS in a few open-pits with the proven effectiveness, show a new opportunity to investigate.
