Figure 5 - uploaded by Kapil Narula
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Mountainous forested watersheds are important hydrologic systems that are responsible for much of the water supply and run-of-the-river hydropower schemes in many parts of the world. In India, the Western Ghats are one of such important hydrologic systems located in southern peninsular region. Several of these watersheds are ungauged. The Soil and...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... mean elevation for the watershed is 771 m amsl. The land use characteristics for the watershed were derived from the Landsat (ETM+) image and updated from the Quick Bird (0.6 m) image ( Figure 5). Considerable part of the watershed (85 percent) is covered by evergreen forests, followed by barren rocky land area spread over 14 percent of total watershed area. ...
Context 2
... mean elevation for the watershed is 771 m amsl. The land use characteristics for the watershed were derived from the Landsat (ETM+) image and updated from the Quick Bird (0.6 m) image ( Figure 5). Considerable part of the watershed (85 percent) is covered by evergreen forests, followed by barren rocky land area spread over 14 percent of total watershed area. ...
Citations
... Additionally, Ndomba et al. (2008) demonstrated the SWAT model's applicability in watersheds with a dearth of data. Recent studies such as Narsimlu et al. (2015), Kaffas et al. (2018), Khayyun et al. (2019), Guiamel and Lee (2020), Zhang et al. (2021), and Narula and Nischal (2021) employed SWAT for streamflow modelling. Other recent SWAT applications for modelling impacts of climate change are Qatarneh et al. (2018), Yang et al. (2018), Jiao et al. (2020), and Babaeian et al. (2021). ...
A fragile terrain makes a mountainous watershed like Pare in India’s eastern Himalayas extremely sensitive to climate change. However, this watershed has a great deal of potential for the development of water resources; thus, hydrological investigation and impact assessments in light of climate change are essential. Using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT), the current study examined how discharge and soil moisture in the Pare River of Arunachal Pradesh would change in response to climate change. The projected streamflow was compared with the baseline projection during 1976–2005. The future precipitation scenarios predicted that there will be a decrease in rainy episodes and an increase in dry days in the Pare watershed. This meant that more extreme occurrences would occur in the future. The SWAT model’s performances during calibration and validation were deemed satisfactory based on the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency, p-factor, and r-factor. It was discovered that SWAT slightly underestimated the discharge. The findings revealed that discharge would continue to rise as time progressed from the near to the far-future. Variations in discharge showed shrinkage in high flow days with increased flood amplitude, which might result in major flooding in low-lying areas downstream and significant soil erosion from the upland areas. It was predicted that the surface runoff component would increase significantly in the future, possibly leading to frequent flash floods and soil erosion. However, soil moisture in the Pare watershed would remain more or less the same throughout this century. Even if future streamflow was predicted to rise, worry would always persist due to its unequal distribution. The region's water managers may set guidelines for water and soil conservation measures to cope up with these changes. More studies may be conducted to recommend actions in the study region by local authorities and managers associated with various soil and water sectors.
... In some research, SWAT had still successfully simulated the water quantity and water quality even for ungauged watersheds [16] [17] [18]. Other studies have also explored not performing calibration to determine how the default parameters depicted the watershed [15]. ...
... For sustainable management of these particular watersheds, the water's spatial and temporal dynamics are essential [38], particularly in the context of the combined effect of increased temperature, changed patterns of precipitations, and increased frequency of extreme events (floods, droughts, heatwaves) occurrence in southeastern Europe, including Romania [3,39,40]. The combined effect of increased temperatures and the opposite trend of precipitation may cause perilous natural hazards, especially in mountainous regions [41], which are known to be areas sensitive to climate change [42]. ...
... Additionally, the changes in land use categories can modify runoff processes, particularly in small watersheds [43,44]. Considering these issues and the consensus that in mountainous areas, the ongoing changes in climate parameters trigger additional pressures on ecosystem management [6,45], special attention should be devoted to mountainous, forested watersheds that accomplish the water supply function [38,46]. There is evidence that surface runoff in a forested watershed is more impacted by changes in land use categories than climate change [47]. ...
This study aims to evaluate the potential impact of climate and land use change on seasonal dynamics of surface runoff within the Upper Tarlung watershed of 71.62 km2. Using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), we simulated the surface runoff under the projections from four global and regional combination models for two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and three land use change scenarios. In addition, short (2020−2039), mid (2040−2069), and long-term model simulations (2070−2100) were analyzed compared with a ten-year baseline period (1979‒1988). Ensemble SWAT outputs showed that, in spring, surface runoff could decrease by up to 28% or increase by up to 86%, in summer can decrease by up to 69%, while in autumn and winter, increases of approximately two to five times fold are expected. The decreasing tendency is more pronounced under climate conditions, while the sharpest increases are estimated in the comprehensive scenario of climate and land use change by 50%. Those results serve as a support for local water, forest, and land managers in anticipating possible threats and conceiving adaptive strategies to manage the studied watershed efficiently.
The current conventional water resources management planning method realizes the optimal allocation of water resources by constructing a function aiming at economic benefits; it causes poor model planning repercussions as a result of the disregard of comprehensive benefits. In this regard, a hydrological model-based water resource management planning method for climate change is proposed. By combining geological conditions, hydrological conditions and other climate change factors, a hydrological model is constructed to calculate watershed flows, and the hydrological model is used to divide the watershed scale and hydrological response units. A multi-objective function planning model is constructed with economic and ecological benefits as the objective functions. The proposed approach is tested in trials and shown to provide advantages for thorough planning. The results of the study demonstrate that the algorithm has a high value of extensive benefit when the recommended strategy is utilized for the optimum allocation of water resources, and has a more preferable optimal allocation consequence.
The availability of hydrological data for small hydropower plants is an important prerequisite for reservoir scheduling, reservoir flood control and integrated water resources. To address the problem of a lack of hydrological data in small hydropower plants, this paper proposes a method to predict the power generation flow of small hydropower stations without hydrological data using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model (SWAT) when the traditional data-driven methods cannot study the problem of power generation flow prediction in small hydropower stations well. The method can use gridded meteorological data as the input of the model to solve the problem of small hydropower stations without meteorological data. The problem that small hydropower plants without hydrological data cannot calibrate the hydrological model is solved by calculating the generation flow through the output of small hydropower station and by using the similarity analysis method to migrate the generation flow of similar small hydropower stations. The model was tested in a watershed in southwest China to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the coefficient of determination between the predicted and measured values of small hydropower stations without information is about 0.84, which achieves a better prediction.
