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Recently, due to increase of the impervious layer, the storage of surface layer has been reduced. Otherwise the peak runoff and the total surface runoff have been raised. Because of larger amount of the peak runoff and the rapid time of concentration, the flood damage of the urban watershed was increased. The groundwater level is descended by reduc...
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... 15.74% . 유입되며 , 창 원천 하고 있다 (Fig. 11 ). 115.97 km2 , 15.37 km, 유역 1/1150 ~ 1/51 로서 중 ᆞ 급한 유역이다 (Fig. 12 ). , 2011 1 2011 12 . SWMM . , , GIS , , , . Engman (1986) 의 조도계수 추정 값 을 이용하여 불투수 지역에는 0.013, 투수 지역에는 0.4 를 적용하였다 . 지면 저류 깊 이는 Tholin and Keifer (1960) 의 추정 값 을 이용하여 투수지역에는 6.4 mm, 불투수 지역에 는 1.6 mm 를 입력하였다 . SWMM 모형의 침투모형으로는 Horton, Green-Ampt, Curve Number 가 있으며 본 연구에서는 Green-Ampt 를 이용하였다 . Green-Ampt 식 은 Darcy 의 법 칙 을 기초로 하고 있으며 , 간단하면서도 연 직 침투과정의 기본적인 특성 . (Wallace et al., 1975). Fig. 13 은 창 원천과 남 천 유역의 SWMM 모형 구 축 현 황 을 나 타낸 것이다 . 창 원천 유역을 분할하여 7 개의 소유역으로 구 축 하 였으며 , 남 천 유역은 창 원천을 제외하고 10 개의 소유역으로 구 축 하 였다 . 11 개의 하천 자료는 창 원시에서 구한 CAD 자료와 하천기본 계획보고서를 바 탕 으로 구 축 하였다 (MLTM, 1993, 1994a, 1994b, 1994c, 1995, 1996, 2000, 2005, 2010a, 2010b). SWMM 모형의 5.0 버 전에 포 함 되어 있는 LID 모형은 다양한 빗물관리시설의 수문영향분석이 가능하도록 미국 EPA 에서 기 존 SWMM 모형에 빗물정원 , 습 지 , 침투트 렌 치 , 침투정 , 식 생도 랑 , 투수성 포장 등의 LID 시설 모의가 가능하도록 개발된 모형이다 . 침투 . 저류시설 및 LID 계획요소의 정량적인 수문영향평가가 가능 하다 . Fig. 14 는 LID 모형에서 침투 . 저류시설 여부에 따른 유출개 념 도를 나 타낸 것이다 . 본 연구에서는 LID 모형의 투수성 ...
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Citations
... The permeability of pervious concrete helps to reduce heat island phenomena, traffic noise, and provides better condition for recharging the underground water source. In addition, it has the advantage of ensuring the driver's Sustainability 2021, 13, 426 2 of 13 safety by preventing water splash and reducing/eliminating the water film phenomenon on driving surfaces [8]. However, when the sediments, such as leaves, soil, and dust, penetrate the pores, it can be easily noticed that the pores may be blocked and the water permeability decreases. ...
The purpose of this study is to identify the differences in porosity and permeability coefficients when the mixing ratio of aggregates is different and to present the mixing ratio satisfying the strength requirement of compressive specified in a specification of Korea. Three mix ratios were suggested by considering various aggregate sizes and three cylinders were made for each ratio. The porosities of those cylinders were evaluated through the compression and water permeability test, measuring the weight of specimens in underwater and analysis of the pictured Computed Tomography (CT) image. Experiments have shown that it is best to mix 50% for 5–10 mm aggregates, 45% for 2–5 mm aggregates, and 5% for sand in terms of strength and permeability. In addition, as the proportion of fine aggregates increased, the porosity and permeability decreased. Moreover, the effectiveness of maintenance method was also examined in this study.
... 획하여 개발 대상 지역이 본래의 자연상태에 가깝도록 모사 하는 기법이다 (Coffman, 1999 (Rossman, 2010). 이에 따라 국내·외에서는 SWMM을 이용한 저영향개발 분 석에 관한 연구를 활발히 수행하고 있다 (Gironas et al., 2012;Bae et al., 2012;Qin et al., 2013;Koo et al., 2013;Yeo and Jung, 2013;Cho et al., 2013;Jang et al., 2013) (Rossman, 2010). 기 위해 φ 1,100 mm의 관거가 필요한 것으로 분석되었다 ( Fig. 6의 (a)). ...
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As the Urban area grows and more land is developed both within the city and in surrounding areas, hydrologic functions of the natural water cycle are altered. Urbanization creates impervious areas that negatively impact stormwater runoff characteristics. these changes to the natural hydrologic cycle result in the increased flooding, decreased groundwater recharge, increased urban heat island effects. Finally, the land use and other activities result in accumulation and washoff of pollutants from surface, resulting in water quality degradation. Therefore, in this study, evaluating and quantitative analysis of the percolation effect through infiltration experiment of permeable pavement, which is one of the ways that can reduce the problem of the dry stream. Also the SWMM model is used to study the effect of the hydrologic cycle for permeable pavement block contribution.
Rapid urbanization has led to altered thermal circulations in major cities that are responsible for the increasing occurrence of urban heat islands (UHIs) and events such as tropical nights and heat waves. To effectively mitigate such events, low-impact development (LID) and green infrastructure strategies have been developed. In Korea, LID techniques focus mainly on road pavement materials; however, issues regarding the reliability of measurements due to differences in the measurement equipment and studied specimens persist. This study presents the design of a green infrastructure surface temperature measurement (GSTM) instrument and a reliable methodology developed to evaluate the performance of pavement materials under controlled climate conditions. The developed GSTM instrument and methodology were tested by monitoring the surface temperature of materials based on LID practices and dense-graded asphalt and evaluating their ability to mitigate UHI and tropical night phenomena. The experiments were conducted under controlled climate conditions, using summer climate conditions of Seoul's typical meteorological year data. The UHI and tropical night phenomena mitigation performance of the pavement materials was evaluated by analyzing the correlation between the pavement materials' albedo and surface temperature using porous block specimens of different colors and LID-based pavement materials. The greening block recorded the most significant reduction in surface temperature, showing a difference of 22.6 °C, 185 min to the dense-graded asphalt. The white and yellow porous blocks showed surface temperature differences of 10.2 °C and 8.2 °C respectively compared to the dense-graded asphalt. The results revealed that pavement materials with higher albedo, more evaporation, and lower heat capacity have superior performance in mitigating UHI and tropical night events. HIGHLIGHTS
Evaluate pavement material performance under controlled climate conditions.;
Thermal imaging camera is not recommended for evaluating surface temperature of pavement material.;
An experiment is needed to mitigate UHI and tropical night events considering albedo, evaporation, and heat capacity.;
Low Impact Development (LID) techniques are eco-friendly storm water management process for water circulation restoration and non-point pollutant reduction. In this study, four LID techniques (Small constructed wetland, Infiltration trench box, Infiltration trench, Vegetated swale) were selected and installed as a real size at the real site. All facilities were evaluated as monitoring under the real environmental climate situation and an artificial rain with exceeding design rainfall. In various rainfall, runoff reduction efficiency and non-point pollutant removal efficiency are increased to the bigger Surface Area of LID (SA)/Catchment Area (CA) ratio and the bigger Storage Volume of LID (SV)/Catchment Area (CA) ratio. Runoff did not occur at all rainfall event (max. 17.2 mm) in infiltration trench and vegetated swale. But Small constructed wetland was more efficient at less than 10 mm, a efficiency of infiltration trench box was similar at different rainfall. Although different conditions (such as structural material of LID, rainfall flow rate, antecedent dry periods), LID techniques are good effects not only water circulation improvement but also water quality improvement.
Climate change and urbanization have affected a increase of peak discharge and water pollution etc. In a view of these aspects, the LID(Low Impact Development) technology has been highlighted as one of adjustable control measures to mimic predevelopment hydrologic condition. Many LID technologies have developed, but there is a lack of studies with verification of LID technology efficiency. Therefore this study developed a rainfall-runoff simulator could be possible to verify LID technology efficiency. Using this simulator, this study has experimented the rainfall verification through the rainfall distribution experiment and the experiment to show the relation between inflow and effective rainfall in order to sprinkle the equal rainfall in each unit bed. As a result, the study defined the relation between allowable discharge range and RPM by nozzle types and verified the hydrologic cycle such as the relation between infiltration rate, surface runoff and subsurface runoff at pervious area and impervious area through the rainfall-runoff experiment.
