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Lactate calcium salt (LCS)-mediated α-tubulin degradation in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells under hypoxia. (A) Western blot analysis for α-tubulin expression in A549 cells following time-dependent LCS treatment. (B) Immunocytochemical analysis for α-tubulin expression in A549 cells following LCS treatment. (C) Western blot analysis for α-tubulin expression in H1975 cells following time-dependent LCS treatment. (D) Immunocytochemical analysis for α-tubulin expression in H1975 cells following LCS treatment. Scale bar: 20 µm.
Source publication
Despite the development of numerous therapeutics targeting the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), the application of these drugs is limited because of drug resistance. Here, we investigated the antitumor effect of calcium-mediated degradation of EGFR pathway-associated proteins on NSCLC. First, lacta...
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... form a functional network for intracellular signaling and/or trafficking of EGFR [19]. To investigate the effects of LCS on α-tubulin stabilization, α-tubulin expression was evaluated in NSCLC cells after treatment with 2.5 mM LCS for 4, 6 and 8 h under hypoxic condition (Figure 2A,C). Western blotting showed that α-tubulin expression gradually decreased in A549 ( Figure 2A) and H1975 ( Figure 2C) cells following LCS treatment in a time-dependent manner (Figure 2A,C). To evaluate α-tubulin stability in NSCLC cells, α-tubulin expression was visualized by ICC after treatment with 2.5 mM LCS for 8 h ( Figure 2B,D). Results show that LCS treatment reduced α-tubulin expression in A549 ( Figure 2B) and H1975 ( Figure 2D
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... form a functional network for intracellular signaling and/or trafficking of EGFR [19]. To investigate the effects of LCS on α-tubulin stabilization, α-tubulin expression was evaluated in NSCLC cells after treatment with 2.5 mM LCS for 4, 6 and 8 h under hypoxic condition (Figure 2A,C). Western blotting showed that α-tubulin expression gradually decreased in A549 ( Figure 2A) and H1975 ( Figure 2C) cells following LCS treatment in a time-dependent manner (Figure 2A,C). To evaluate α-tubulin stability in NSCLC cells, α-tubulin expression was visualized by ICC after treatment with 2.5 mM LCS for 8 h ( Figure 2B,D). Results show that LCS treatment reduced α-tubulin expression in A549 ( Figure 2B) and H1975 ( Figure 2D
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... form a functional network for intracellular signaling and/or trafficking of EGFR [19]. To investigate the effects of LCS on α-tubulin stabilization, α-tubulin expression was evaluated in NSCLC cells after treatment with 2.5 mM LCS for 4, 6 and 8 h under hypoxic condition (Figure 2A,C). Western blotting showed that α-tubulin expression gradually decreased in A549 ( Figure 2A) and H1975 ( Figure 2C) cells following LCS treatment in a time-dependent manner (Figure 2A,C). To evaluate α-tubulin stability in NSCLC cells, α-tubulin expression was visualized by ICC after treatment with 2.5 mM LCS for 8 h ( Figure 2B,D). Results show that LCS treatment reduced α-tubulin expression in A549 ( Figure 2B) and H1975 ( Figure 2D
...
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... form a functional network for intracellular signaling and/or trafficking of EGFR [19]. To investigate the effects of LCS on α-tubulin stabilization, α-tubulin expression was evaluated in NSCLC cells after treatment with 2.5 mM LCS for 4, 6 and 8 h under hypoxic condition (Figure 2A,C). Western blotting showed that α-tubulin expression gradually decreased in A549 ( Figure 2A) and H1975 ( Figure 2C) cells following LCS treatment in a time-dependent manner (Figure 2A,C). To evaluate α-tubulin stability in NSCLC cells, α-tubulin expression was visualized by ICC after treatment with 2.5 mM LCS for 8 h ( Figure 2B,D). Results show that LCS treatment reduced α-tubulin expression in A549 ( Figure 2B) and H1975 ( Figure 2D
...
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... form a functional network for intracellular signaling and/or trafficking of EGFR [19]. To investigate the effects of LCS on α-tubulin stabilization, α-tubulin expression was evaluated in NSCLC cells after treatment with 2.5 mM LCS for 4, 6 and 8 h under hypoxic condition (Figure 2A,C). Western blotting showed that α-tubulin expression gradually decreased in A549 ( Figure 2A) and H1975 ( Figure 2C) cells following LCS treatment in a time-dependent manner (Figure 2A,C). To evaluate α-tubulin stability in NSCLC cells, α-tubulin expression was visualized by ICC after treatment with 2.5 mM LCS for 8 h ( Figure 2B,D). Results show that LCS treatment reduced α-tubulin expression in A549 ( Figure 2B) and H1975 ( Figure 2D
...
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... form a functional network for intracellular signaling and/or trafficking of EGFR [19]. To investigate the effects of LCS on α-tubulin stabilization, α-tubulin expression was evaluated in NSCLC cells after treatment with 2.5 mM LCS for 4, 6 and 8 h under hypoxic condition (Figure 2A,C). Western blotting showed that α-tubulin expression gradually decreased in A549 ( Figure 2A) and H1975 ( Figure 2C) cells following LCS treatment in a time-dependent manner (Figure 2A,C). To evaluate α-tubulin stability in NSCLC cells, α-tubulin expression was visualized by ICC after treatment with 2.5 mM LCS for 8 h ( Figure 2B,D). Results show that LCS treatment reduced α-tubulin expression in A549 ( Figure 2B) and H1975 ( Figure 2D
...
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... form a functional network for intracellular signaling and/or trafficking of EGFR [19]. To investigate the effects of LCS on α-tubulin stabilization, α-tubulin expression was evaluated in NSCLC cells after treatment with 2.5 mM LCS for 4, 6 and 8 h under hypoxic condition (Figure 2A,C). Western blotting showed that α-tubulin expression gradually decreased in A549 ( Figure 2A) and H1975 ( Figure 2C) cells following LCS treatment in a time-dependent manner (Figure 2A,C). To evaluate α-tubulin stability in NSCLC cells, α-tubulin expression was visualized by ICC after treatment with 2.5 mM LCS for 8 h ( Figure 2B,D). Results show that LCS treatment reduced α-tubulin expression in A549 ( Figure 2B) and H1975 ( Figure 2D
...
Citations
... Calcium provide an anticancer effects in hormone dependent breast cancer by Src degradation in which the phosphoinositide 3-kinase and protein kinase B were significantly decreased the clonogenic ability of hormone-dependent breast cancer cells [73]. Calcium became an antitumor effect by destabilizing epithelial growth factor receptor which proteolysis Src or α-tubulin and shows some effect in non-small cell lung carcinoma [74]. Ascorbic acid contain antioxidant properties. ...
Recently, nanomedicine has had a great impact on drug discovery and made the way for the drug delivery system for therapeutic utility. There are many nanoscale products increasing in the research field and in the medical sector. Nanoparticle modified drugs are being developed and brought into the market for the treatment of cancer. The nanoparticle drug carrier can improve the stability of the drug by decreasing the cancerous cell and involving the drug at disease site. Essential trace elements are mostly important for the physiological and biochemical aspects in the human system. Nowadays nanotrace elements are used for the treatment of prostate cancer. In this review the venture and exploration of application of nanomedicine and the use of nanoparticles with essential trace elements will give a wide range of benefits for the treatment for prostate cancer.
... Calcium provide an anticancer effects in hormone dependent breast cancer by Src degradation in which the phosphoinositide 3-kinase and protein kinase B were significantly decreased the clonogenic ability of hormone-dependent breast cancer cells [73]. Calcium became an antitumor effect by destabilizing epithelial growth factor receptor which proteolysis Src or α-tubulin and shows some effect in non-small cell lung carcinoma [74]. Ascorbic acid contain antioxidant properties. ...
Recently, nanomedicine has had a great impact on drug discovery and made the way for the drug delivery system for therapeutic utility. There are many nanoscale products increasing in the research field and in the medical sector. Nanoparticle modified drugs are being developed and brought into the market for the treatment of cancer. The nanoparticle drug carrier can improve the stability of the drug by decreasing the cancerous cell and involving the drug at disease site. Essential trace elements are mostly important for the physiological and biochemical aspects in the human system. Nowadays nanotrace elements are used for the treatment of prostate cancer. In this review the venture and exploration of application of nanomedicine and the use of nanoparticles with essential trace elements will give a wide range of benefits for the treatment for prostate cancer.
... Importantly, calpeptin potently blocked, in mice, aberrant calpain activities that display similar diagnoses to coronaviruses. In particular, calpeptin inhibited calpain inducing lung related diseases such as in-flammatory pulmonary, pulmonary fibrosis, ventilator-induced dysfunction of the diaphragm, asthma and anti-lung tumor [51][52][53][54][55][56] . It was also shown to be neuroprotective [57][58][59][60] and to preserve the myocardial structure and function [61] . ...
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 responsible for COVID-19 remains a persistent threat to mankind, especially for the immunocompromised and elderly for which the vaccine may have limited effectiveness. Entry of SARS-CoV-2 requires a high affinity interaction of the viral spike protein with the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Novel mutations on the spike protein correlate with the high transmissibility of new variants of SARS-CoV-2, highlighting the need for small molecule inhibitors of virus entry into target cells. We report the identification of such inhibitors through a robust high-throughput screen testing 15,000 small molecules from unique libraries. Several leads were validated in a suite of mechanistic assays, including whole cell SARS-CoV-2 infectivity assays. The main lead compound, calpeptin, was further characterized using SARS-CoV-1 and the novel SARS-CoV-2 variant entry assays, SARS-CoV-2 protease assays and molecular docking. This study reveals calpeptin as a potent and specific inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 and some variants.
... AR-supplemented TNBC cell lines commonly transmit PI3KCA mutations, which make them very effective for PI3K/mTOR inhibition. AR mutations in the kinase domain increase PTEN expression [46][47][48][49]. Increased PTEN expression regulates the expression of protein killin (KLLN) and promotes p53 and p73 expression, subsequently augmenting apoptosis [50,51]. ...
... Increased PTEN expression regulates the expression of protein killin (KLLN) and promotes p53 and p73 expression, subsequently augmenting apoptosis [50,51]. GATA-3, an important transcription factor, is involved in luminal cell differentiation and restricts the effects of drugs by enhancing ER signaling activity [49]. Further, GATA-3 expression has been closely associated with apocrine TNBC [49]. ...
... GATA-3, an important transcription factor, is involved in luminal cell differentiation and restricts the effects of drugs by enhancing ER signaling activity [49]. Further, GATA-3 expression has been closely associated with apocrine TNBC [49]. The antagonist bicalutamide was the first AR-based drug that was clinically evaluated in 2013; however, limited efficacy and adverse effects, such as limb edema, fatigue, and hot flashes, were observed. ...
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous, recurring cancer associated with a high rate of metastasis, poor prognosis, and lack of therapeutic targets. Although target-based therapeutic options are approved for other cancers, only limited therapeutic options are available for TNBC. Cell signaling and receptor-specific targets are reportedly effective in patients with TNBC under specific clinical conditions. However, most of these cancers are unresponsive, and there is a requirement for more effective treatment modalities. Further, there is a lack of effective biomarkers that can distinguish TNBC from other BC subtypes. ER, PR, and HER2 help identify TNBC and are widely used to identify patients who are most likely to respond to diverse therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss the possible treatment options for TNBC based on its inherent subtype receptors and pathways, such as p53 signaling, AKT signaling, cell cycle regulation, DNA damage, and programmed cell death, which play essential roles at multiple stages of TNBC development. We focus on poly-ADP ribose polymerase 1, androgen receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, and epidermal growth factor receptor as well as the application of nanomedicine and immunotherapy in TNBC and discuss their potential applications in drug development for TNBC.
